City Of Astana Research Articles

Analysis of existing construction documents in the field of formation of recreational areas

Nowadays rapid urbanization in the world dictates to find new comprehensive ways to urban development. Sustainability become a ―buzzword‖ within the urban planners and architectures around the world. But whether these new trends are in presence in Kazakhstan. Capital city of Astana is one of the most needed city in Kazakhstan in terms of sustainable development and environmental development. Recreational zones in this context proved by scientists to be one of few instruments in dealing with air pollution. In this article authors intended to analyze standards and building codes of the recreational zones of the city of Astana.

Астана қаласының саябақ аймақтарының флорасын талдау

The scientific article is a comprehensive study of the flora of park areas of the city of Astana. Due to the rapid growth of urban infrastructure and the expansion of green areas, the study of flora is becoming a key aspect of the management and conservation of city ecosystems. The study includes the collection of vegetation samples in various parks and squares of Astana, as well as their systematic analysis. Methods from taxonomy, phytosociology and ecology were used to determine species diversity and composition of plant communities.The study results highlight the importance of biodiversity in Astana parks and its impact on environmental quality. Flora analysis identifies indicator species and provides information to improve the management of green spaces and conserve the city’s natural resources. The scientific article provides valuable data and recommendations for urban planning and sustainable development of the city of Astana, and serves as a basis for further research in the field of urban ecology and natural resource management.

Из истории Сибирского казачьего войска в Казахстане

Various aspects of the settlement of the Siberian Cossacks in the Kazakh steppe in the 18- 19th centuries and the relationship with the local population are analyzed. The features of the economic activity of the Siberian Cossacks, the introduction of new forms of economic activity and the positive aspects of the economic interaction of the Cossacks with the local population – the Kazakhs are noted. The historical experience of the past, in which not only politics, but also economic ties played a leading role, is receiving a new understanding. The scientific novelty of the work is given by the introduction into circulation of materials from the State Archives of the City of Astana, which were not previously used by historians, as well as materials from the Russian State Historical Archives.

COVID-19 PREVALENCE AMONG CANCER PATIENTS IN KAZAKHSTAN

ABSTRACT
 
 Relevance: The new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, has been spreading rapidly around the world since 2019, affecting the healthcare systems of most countries. According to recent studies, malignant diseases increase the susceptibility to COVID-19 and are a risk factor for worse clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 also increases the risk of disease progression in patients with malignancies.
 The study aimed to: study the prevalence of COVID-19 among cancer patients in Kazakhstan.
 Methods: The analysis included open-access articles published since 2019 and indexed in PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and e-Library by keywords “cancer,” “malignant neoplasms,” “COVID-19”, “cancer patients,” “mortality risk.” The official statistics data, medical information systems of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Electronic Register of Cancer Patients, Electronic Register of Inpatient Patients), and official periodicals on cancer incidence and mortality for 2020-2021 and COVID-19 incidence and mortality for 2020-2022 in Kazakhstan were studied.
 Results: In the Republic of Kazakhstan, in 2020-2021, the highest cancer incidence was registered in the North Kazakhstan (1.79-1.87%), Pavlodar (1.57-1.63%), Karaganda (1.54-1.53%) and Kostanay (1.53%) regions. The lowest rates were recorded in the Turkestan (0.42-0.41%), Kyzylorda (0.57-0.59%), and Mangistau (0.62%) regions, and the city of Shymkent (0.60%). The highest cancer mortality in Kazakhstan was registered in the Turkestan (11.1%), Kyzylorda (10.2%), and Zhambyl (10.02%) regions in 2020, and in they Atyrau (25.4%), Turkestan (10.68%), and West Kazakhstan (10.30%) regions in 2021.
 The mortality from COVID-19 among patients registered for cancer in 2020 was the highest in the city of Astana (1.06%), the Kyzylorda (0.46%) and Turkestan (0.33%) regions, and in 2021 – in the cities of Shymkent (1.05%) and Astana (1,00%), the Atyrau (0.93%) and West Kazakhstan (0.94%) regions.
 Conclusion: Thus, COVID-19 prevalence among cancer patients and their increased mortality during the pandemic, including the cases where the main cause of death was not an oncological process but the consequences of the viral infection, evidence the need to adjust the rules of statistical recording of cancer patients morbidity and mortality, the algorithms and protocols of diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients.

COVID-19 PREVALENCE AMONG CANCER PATIENTS IN KAZAKHSTAN

Relevance: The new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, has been spreading rapidly around the world since 2019, affecting the healthcare
 systems of most countries. According to recent studies, malignant diseases increase the susceptibility to COVID-19 and are a risk factor for worse
 clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 also increases the risk of disease progression in patients with malignancies.
 The study aimed to study the prevalence of COVID-19 among cancer patients in Kazakhstan.
 Methods: The analysis included open-access articles published since 2019 and indexed in PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and e-Library by keywords “cancer,” “malignant neoplasms,” “COVID-19”, “cancer patients,” “mortality risk.” The official statistics data, medical
 information systems of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Electronic Register of Cancer Patients, Electronic Register of Inpatient Patients), and official
 periodicals on cancer incidence and mortality for 2020-2021 and COVID-19 incidence and mortality for 2020-2022 in Kazakhstan were studied.
 Results: In the Republic of Kazakhstan, in 2020-2021, the highest cancer incidence was registered in the North Kazakhstan (1.79-1.87%),
 Pavlodar (1.57-1.63%), Karaganda (1.54-1.53%) and Kostanay (1.53%) regions. The lowest rates were recorded in the Turkestan (0.42-0.41%),
 Kyzylorda (0.57-0.59%), and Mangistau (0.62%) regions, and the city of Shymkent (0.60%). The highest cancer mortality in Kazakhstan was registered in the Turkestan (11.1%), Kyzylorda (10.2%), and Zhambyl (10.02%) regions in 2020, and in they Atyrau (25.4%), Turkestan (10.68%), and
 West Kazakhstan (10.30%) regions in 2021.
 The mortality from COVID-19 among patients registered for cancer in 2020 was the highest in the city of Astana (1.06%), the Kyzylorda
 (0.46%) and Turkestan (0.33%) regions, and in 2021 – in the cities of Shymkent (1.05%) and Astana (1,00%), the Atyrau (0.93%) and West Kazakhstan (0.94%) regions.
 Conclusion: Thus, COVID-19 prevalence among cancer patients and their increased mortality during the pandemic, including the cases where
 the main cause of death was not an oncological process but the consequences of the viral infection, evidence the need to adjust the rules of statistical recording of cancer patients morbidity and mortality, the algorithms and protocols of diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients.

Trend in Gastric Cancer Mortality in Kazakhstan.

The aim is to study the trends in gastric cancer (GC) mortality in Kazakhstan. Data on those who died from GC and on the annual population were obtained from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. A retrospective study was carried out for the period 2009-2018 using descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology. The extensive, crude and age-specific mortality rates are determined according to the generally accepted methodology used in sanitary statistics. GC mortality in Kazakhstan is considered to be decreasing. It was determined that during the studied period 19,672 died of this cancer. The mean of death was 67.8 with 95% CI of 67.6 to 68.0. The highest mortality rates per 100,000 in the entire population were found in the age groups 75-79 years (145.9±24.1), 80-84 years (161.0±11.0), and 85+ years (116.5±16.4). Trends in age-related mortality rates had a pronounced tendency to increase in 70-74 years (T=+4.3%, R2=0.1924) and to decrease in the age of up to 30 (T=-8.7%, R2=0.2426). The average annual standardized mortality rate was 13.2 per 100,000, and in trends tended to decrease (T=-5.8%; R2=0.9763). In all regions, there is a decrease in mortality, except for the city of Astana. During categorization mortality rates were determined on the basis of standardized indicators: low - up to 12.9, average - from 12.9 to 15.1, high - above 15.1 per 100,000 for the entire population. The mortality rates from GC tend to decrease, while the downward trends and the degree of their approximation are expressed in almost all regions. The study of regional mortality has theoretical and practical significance for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of early detection and treatment. Health authorities should take into account the results obtained when organizing antitumor measures.

Innovative activity of industrial enterprises of Kazakhstan: research of factors and key indicators

In Kazakhstan, there is an intensification of innovation activity which is particularly important in modern conditions. The aim of the research is to determine the degree of influence of several indicators on the innovation activity of industrial enterprises of Kazakhstan, as well as to conduct a qualitative analysis of the invention activity of industrial enterprises in the country. Within the framework of the research tasks, a scientometric analysis was carried out which made it possible to identify the main global trends in scientific publications dealing with the research of innovative activities of industrial companies. The research of the innovative capacity of industrial enterprises was carried out with the help of correlation and regression analyses. The timeframe of research data is 2009-2019. It was demonstrated that the share of GVA of industry in the country’s GDP, labor productivity in manufacturing and the number of enterprises that have innovations for all types of innovations are the most significant factors influencing the «volume of innovative products shipped by companies». In addition, we analyzed 78 issues of the Industrial Bulletins of the National Institute of Intellectual Property of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the years 2011 and 2021, which made it possible to study the characteristics of the innovative activity of the country’s industrial enterprises quantitatively and qualitatively. In this regard, the main findings are the following: an analysis of industrial bulletins showed that in 2011 the leaders in terms of the effectiveness of the implementation of innovative developments were the city of Almaty, Karaganda and East Kazakhstan regions; in 2021, Almaty and Karaganda region retained their positions, in addition, the city of Astana was added to them; in 2011, the main share of innovative developments accounted for inventions, while in 2021 – for utility models.

Https://bulhistphaa.enu.kz/article/archive/view?id=study-of-the-turkic-speaking-population-in-the-south-of-western-siberia-by-employees-of-the-research-institute-of-the-art-industry-niihp-in-the-1950s-and-1970s

. In 2016, the patriotic act «Mangilik El» was implemented, and also in 2017, for the specification of this ideological message by profile nationwide programs, which include the creation of a specialized research center «Sacral Kazakhstan», research and analytical activity began to understand and the definition of objects that could meet the requirements in the nomination - to be sacred objects. The research center «Sacral Kazakhstan», which belongs to state research institutions, has developed lists of sacred objects, which include cultural and historical places of Kazakhstan sanctuary of national and regional significance. In January 2018, SRC «Sacral Kazakhstan» published the first series of books, where the objects were divided into two categories: «The Kazakhstan sacred objects of whole national importance» and «The Kazakhstan sacred objects of regional importance». In the first edition, the nationwide list included 185 objects, using the principle of equal representation from each region; 500 objects that did not pass this selection, but which were also nominated for the nationwide, were added to the regional list. These books are an invaluable information guide to the natural and historical monuments of the native land. In this article, using the example of a nationwide sacred capital object, real practices of pilgrimage to the Muslim cemetery «Karaotkel» will be recorded, as well as schemes of analysis will be studied who is the memory actor of this cemetery, which is included in the list of sacred objects of the city of Astana / Nur- Sultan. This concept of analysis in the future can be approved in research on the dissertation work «The peculiarities of memory transnational routes: cultural geography of Northern Kazakhstan».

Municipal solid waste management and greenhouse gas emissions at international airports: A case study of Astana International Airport

The steady expansion of the city of Astana and the increase of airport capacity is leading to an increase in municipal solid waste generation. The purpose of this study was to perform compositional analysis of the municipal solid waste produced at the Astana International Airport and evaluate different waste management scenarios in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. Recyclable and combustible fractions were found to be the major fractions (over 50%) of the total municipal solid waste generated in the Astana International Airport. Four base greenhouse gas emissions scenarios were proposed in this study, namely scenario-1 describing the current municipal solid waste management case, scenario-2 with integration of 29% recycling and 71% of municipal solid waste landfilling, scenario-3 for 100% of airport municipal solid waste being incinerated and scenario-4 for recycling 29% and the remaining waste being processed for energy recovery purposes. The proposed scenario 2 demonstrated significantly reduced net greenhouse gas emissions (t CO2 eq/year) over the existing scenario 1, while scenarios 3 and 4 showed negative net greenhouse gas emissions. The experimental data provided and the scenarios discussed in this work are useful tools for decision makers for environmental waste management at airports.

The EU Experience as a Model for the Development of a Single Financial Market Regulation in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)

Five countries became members of the Eurasian Economic Union – an international organization of regional economic integration. The Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, and the Republic of Belarus signed the international Treaty in the city of Astana, Kazakhstan on May 29, 2014. The Republic of Armenia and the Kyrgyz Republic acceded to the Treaty later. Harmonized regulation of financial markets should be one of the initial areas of cooperation, with the aims of creating a single financial services market within the EAEU and ensuring non-discriminatory access to the national financial markets of each of the member states. The EAEU member states have already entered into the initial stage of developing the Eurasian common market in financial services. A considerable part of the work should be carried out by a supranational financial market regulation body, which is to be established by 2025 according to the EAEU Treaty. Such financial integration in the EAEU has only been in progress for a limited time period and many of the key steps are yet to be done. The existing national-markets development level is highly non-homogeneous and is in need of further development. In such circumstances, a relevant question related to the study of foreign experience arises. European Union started to form its single financial services market in 1973, and since then it has gained certain experience in financial markets integration. This research paper is dedicated to the issue of necessity and possibility of using the EU experience in the course of the EAEU Single market development. The issue will be addressed in terms of political, legal, academic, and practical aspects. The article is of a general, theoretical legal character, which is why emphasis will be placed on legal and doctrinal questions. Special attention will be paid to an analysis of the Eurasian Economic Union Treaty and its Protocols. The work will be based on the academic research and opinions of Russian and foreign authors.

Analysis of main periods of catastrophic floods in the Yesil river basin

The article analyzes the record of catastrophic floods for the Yesil river basin in the XIX, XX andXXI centuries. Information and data about floods are taken from hydrometeorological periodic publications,archival data, electronic resources, scientific articles and other sources. The study of hydrologicalaspects is of strategical relevance to ensure the sustainable development of river catchmentsof Kazakhstan. The studied Yesil River Basin is one of the most important regions of the country, witha need for comprehensive hydrological research as the capital city of Astana is rapidly developing.Analysis of existing materials allowed us to identify the flooded areas, the dates of flood occurrence,their causes and an assessment of flood damage. Following earlier research, the causes of floodingwere classified into 7 main groups that are typical for flood conditions in the basin. As a result, themain factors that led to flooding were the contributions from melting snow and precipitation. Climatechange and human activities were also noted to have an impact to flooding. The scale and amount offlood damage was assessed.

Morphological consequences for noncapsular lymphoid tissue in the case of malignancy of GERD

Background: In this case, the process of development of the Barrett's esophagus and the development of adenocarcinoma as a complication of this disease with involvement of lymphoid tissue with the formation of follicles of different types was studied. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a precursor of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. There are risk factors for BE including obesity and tobacco smoking, but gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the strongest risk factor. Taking into account the foreign experience of research in this direction, the incidence of BE in the Central Asian region, namely in the city of Astana, was investigated. The data from the Oncology Center of Astana of patients with various pathologies were taken, of which 213 patients with esophageal pathology were examined. In analyzing the literature relating to the intrinsic glands of the esophagus and Barrett esophagus, concerned the esophagus's proper glands and the presence of a large number of endocrine cells in them. N.I. Kolycheva, R.R. Bektayeva studied at ultramicroscopic level. When studying the work on the lymphoid formations of the esophagus, we can cite, concerning the lymphoid component of the esophagus. At present, the source of lymphocyte infiltration into its proper mucous plate, types of lymphoid formations, has not been studied. To study the lymphoid noncapsular formations of the mucous membrane of Barrett's esophagus, biopsy specimens of Barrett's esophagus were taken. Early only the epithelium of the esophagus was studied, but there was no evidence of a propria of the mucous membrane and lymphoid tissue.

Архитектура музеев и выставочных комплексов города Астана

Архитектура музеев и выставочных комплексов города Астана

Regional risks of artificial forestation in the steppe zone of Kazakhstan (case study of the green belt of Astana)

This article deals with results of research on artificial forest in a green zone around the city of Astana. The authors of the article established temporary sample plots where condition, capacity for survival, and growth of trees were observed by standard techniques adapted to conditions of the forest-steppe subzone of Northern Kazakhstan. The reasons for the unsatisfactory condition of the planted forest were found and recommendations on improvement were made. The conclusion was drawn that to establish forest plantations it is necessary to select such species of trees and shrubs that will be resistant in specific conditions to the negative factors of urban lands. A possibility of replanting adult trees to intensify reforestation was also studied. The authors analyzed the dynamics of Silver birch preservation in 2011-2017. The Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon U test was used to prove the presence of differences between the types of trees’ average preservations. Based on the data thus obtained, it was concluded that the forest plantations created by the different methods differed significantly in terms of the preservation rate, as well as in the heights and diameters of the trees. Forecasts of tree preservations in 2018 were made using moving average and linear regression methods. The best forecasts were chosen in terms of the mean relative absolute error of approximation. The results confirmed an initial hypothesis predicting significant differences between the methods used for artificial reforestation: the non-replanted trees are expected to have the highest rate of preservation, whereas the trees replanted to a low location, the lowest preservation rate. The prediction of the preservation rate of forest plantations of Silver birch created by the different methods will allow reducing the risks when conducting forestry activities on artificial reforestation. Regional features must be taken into account in the development of recommendations for a comprehensive system of measures which are based on the scientific forestry techniques to ensure optimum reforestation.

Carbon Sequestration of Above-Ground Biomass of Pinus Sylvestris L. in the Green Belt of the City of Astana

Abstract The article presents the results of research in the pine plantations located in the green belt of the city of Astana, the dry steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan, and in the research, the data on biomass and carbon content in various fractions of Scots pine were obtained. Assessment of morphometric parameters of the pine stands was carried out by measuring tree height and trunk diameter at breast height (DBH); to determine the carbon content, laboratory analytical methods were used. Samples were taken from each element of biomass (branches, trunk, leaves, and bark) of Scots pine, in triplicate. After that, the green mass was weighed on the analytical scales to within 0.001 g. The samples were then dried to a constant weight at a temperature of 65°C. In laboratory samples without mineralization, the content of carbon was determined using element analyser. Regression equations were used to calculate the biomass of stocks. To measure the taxation indicators and sampling of plantations, trial plots were laid in triplicate for trial plots, the height of plantations varied on average from 5.8 m to 8.4 m on the plotted trial plots, and the diameter of the trunk varied from 7.7 cm to 8.8 cm. The correlation between plant height and stem diameter was 0.745. As the studies of chemical composition in needles, bark, trunk and branches of pine trees showed, the amount of carbon was from 50.03 to 51.33%. Thus, the study of the chemical composition of the pine plantations showed that the greatest content of chemical elements, such as carbon, was in tree needles. The accumulation plantations of Pinus sylvestris L. in the green belt of the city of Astana were sequestrated 973.3 tons of carbon in the above-ground biomass varied from 2.9 to 4.8 t/ha.

Current municipal solid waste management in the cities of Astana and Almaty of Kazakhstan and evaluation of alternative management scenarios

The present paper provides a detailed analysis of the current situation on municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Kazakhstan with focus on the two major cities, Astana and Almaty, the current and former capital of the country. Untill recently, ninety-seven percent of the MSW was disposed in open dumps and substandard authorized landfills. Ninety-three percent of the 4530 municipal waste disposal landfills were not permitted, while from the 307 authorized waste disposal facilities, only the one in the city of Astana was designed in accordance with international standards (2015). Core legislation, current management policy, existing and planned facilities and infrastructure, as well as solid waste quantity and composition are discussed. The analysis is complemented by the implementation of a decision support software tool, which provides insights in waste management needs and evaluates the alternative waste management plans. Six alternative scenarios were evaluated, and the results obtained demonstrate that the optimum scenario is separation at source for both biowaste, which is composted and packaging waste processed via the materials recovery facility. Regarding the residual waste, the optimum scenario for Astana is mechanical biological treatment (MBT)-composting-recyclables and waste-to-energy for the refuse-derived fuel (RDF). For Almaty, 80% of the waste should be processed through MBT-composting-recyclables, and 20% via incineration and RDF. The results obtained can contribute to solid waste management planning in Kazakhstan and other Central Asian countries.

Geoinformation database system for the city of Astana

Geoinformation database system for the city of Astana

The Use of Solar Cells with a Bifacial Contact Grid under the Conditions of Kazakhstan

The paper reports on the results of simulations of output characteristics of silicon solar cells based on the amorphous silicon–crystalline silicon heterojunction. In addition, the prospect of utilizing high-efficiency bifacial silicon solar modules for various orientational configurations is evaluated. The evaluations are based on the geographical location of the city of Astana (Kazakhstan) located at 51.2° N and 71.4° E at an altitude of 354 m above the sea level

Идентификация и определение органических загрязнителей в воздухе города Астана с использованием твердофазной микроэкстракции

Solid-phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography and mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and for identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air of the city of Astana, Kazakhstan. The screening of the samples showed the presence of mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, phenols, and benzaldehydes. The concentrations of naphthalene were 5-7 times higher than the permissible value, it was detected in all studied air samples. Average concentration of naphthalene was 18.4 μg/m3, acenaphthylene – 0.54 μg/m3, acenaphthene – 1.63 μg/m3, fluorene – 0.79 μg/m3, anthracene – 3.27 μg/m3, phenanthrene – 0.22 μg/m3, fluorantene – 0.74 μg/m3, pyrene – 0.73 μg/m3. Average concentrations of BTEX in the studied samples were 31.1, 84.9, 10.8 and 11.6 μg/m3, respectively. Based on the statistical analysis of the concentrations of BTEX and PAH, the main source of city air pollution with them was assumed to be vehicle emissions.

DETERMINATION OF THE PHYTOMASS RESERVE AND ANNUAL DEPOSITION OF POPLAR PLANTATIONS IN RSE "ZHASYL AIMAK" IN ASTANA

The article is related to determination of the carbon content in different components the tree stand, the carbon stocks by fractions and annual carbon sequestration by the known stocks of stem wood and age groups in poplar plantations in RSE Zhasyl Aimak in the city of Astana.