City-forming Enterprises Research Articles

Градообразующее предприятие как субъект социально-трудовых отношений (на примере ПАО «Магнитогорский металлургический комбинат»)

Градообразующее предприятие как субъект социально-трудовых отношений (на примере ПАО «Магнитогорский металлургический комбинат»)

Little Towns of the Irkutsk Region: Analysis of Socio-Economic Situation

The article examined socio-economic issues of little towns in the Irkutsk region in retrospect and in perspective of their development. The author explored the place and role of little towns in the history of Russia and its regions, identified a group of little towns, conditions for their formation, based on the population settlement and industrial development of the region. In the article the author defined the concepts of a city-forming enterprise and a monotown that are widely practiced in urban settlements of the region, and devoted special attention to the analysis of the demographic status of little towns, population dynamics, and natural and migration movements. The research revealed the processes of natural population decline caused by a decrease in the birth rate and rise in mortality, as well as the migration outflow of residents of little towns. The author examined the social situation of urban settlements that suffered extensive losses in the new economic conditions. The research concluded that bed/population ratio in regional little towns, including the number of doctors and nursing staff, is significantly behind the regional indicators. The author put forwards ideas how to preserve the historical and socio-economic identity of little towns.

CITY-FORMING ENTERPRISES: RELIABILITY AND REDUCED COSTS OF THE PASSENGERS’ TRANSPORTATION

Introduction. The paper substantiates the relevance of reducing costs for regular passenger traffic and increasing their reliability in relation to cities with city-forming enterprises. The organizational and technological specificity of the regular route network of urban transport in such cities is disclosed. The authors propose a method for organizing regular transportation routes based on a rational combination of basic routes that require boarding and disembarking passengers only at stopping points and backup routes with boarding and disembarking passengers in any place not prohibited by the rules of road traffic. The authors demonstrate route network optimization of the regular passenger transportation using the proposed economic and mathematical model and taking into account the costs of forming the infrastructure for organizing traffic on backup routes, operating costs of transportation, as well as the cost of eliminating failures in urban transport. The developed mathematical model for assessing the reliability of regular passenger transportation differs from the well-known models, which take into account the availability of backup routes in the regular route network. The research proves the practical implementation of the proposed recommendations by the example of public transport routes in Magnitogorsk.Materials and methods. The authors used the analysis of scientific and regulatory literature; economic and mathematical modeling of transport processes; methods for calculating the reliability of technical and transport systems; the statistical, technical and economic system analysis.Results. As a result, the authors revealed the optimization of the economic and mathematical model of the regular passenger transportation in cities with city-forming enterprises and a mathematical model for assessing the reliability of regular passenger transportation. Moreover, the paper presented practical recommendations on the organization of reserve routes for regular passenger transport on the example of Magnitogorsk.Discussion and conclusions. By the implementation of theoretical principles, mathematical models and recommendations developed in the course of the research, the authors show the effect of implementation and the possibility to obtain new scientific results. Moreover, the authors demonstrate the formation of an additional volume of traffic by 178 thousand passengers a year, an increase in the speed of communication by 7 km per hour, a decrease in the cost of transporting one passenger by 7% and an increase in reliability by 1.14.Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.

Мониторинг тяжелых металлов и мышьяка в донных отложениях водных объектов

The study of contamination of sediments of water bodies with chemical elements continues to be one of the important problems of geoecology. The lack of a formal normative base for these indicators has led to different and diverse approaches and methods to solve this problem. The selection of the territory of a large water body on the example of the Volga river basin is made. There are four different hierarchical levels of research objects. The questions of location in time and space of observation points for the change of pollution of the river sediments and reservoirs are considered and justified. Theoretical and methodical substantiation of sampling of these deposits, the allocation of silt fraction less than 0.020 mm, which allows to bring samples containing different size components to the «common denominator» in laboratory studies. The choice of geoaccumulation index as an indicator of the level of pollution of the studied objects is justified. It is recommended at the present stage to use the total index of toxic pollution to assess the total technogenic pressure on the studied area. The assessment of complex pollution of the sediments can also be carried out on the basis of the total toxic pollution. The necessity to use the same permanent set of seven heavy metals Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni and As in solving the problem is substantiated. To present the results of field and laboratory studies, along with traditional tables, diagrams and graphs, it is recommended to use a color scheme map, where the technogenic pressure is displayed from the blue to the green and yellow to the red – the most dangerous. To assess the quality of the sediments for areas of water bodies experiencing anthropogenic load from the 1st – 2nd city-forming enterprises, can be carried out on the mono-element schematic maps or diagrams.

Urban Improvement, Increasing Investment Attractiveness Territories of Priority Social-Economic Development with the Use Technologies of Architectural Environment Design

Territories of advanced social-economic development (TAD) are created in the Russian Federation to support the economy of municipalities, mostly, single-industry towns, economic activity of which is determined by the city-forming enterprise, a group of integrated enterprises, by means of diversification of activity areas, investment attraction, provision of new jobs, improving social-economic state of population.Urban improvement, cultural environment development, domestic and inbound tourism development are key R&D directions aimed at the achievement of the goals of organizing such preferential development territories with the application of advanced technologies of architectural environment design (AED). The report presents a number of research and development results to achieve these goals in the city of Togliatti, Samara region.

Projecting of Urban Transport Infrastructure Considering the Human Factor

Projecting of urban transport infrastructure, which forms a comfortable habitat and development of territories, is impossible without forecasting the parameters of transport and passenger flows. These parameters are formed under the influence of the subjective choice of urban residents on the routes along the road and route network. The study aims to identify factors affecting the distribution of transport and passenger flows through the existing urban transport network. It is revealed that the gravity function of employees of city-forming enterprises, which determines the emergence and absorption of transport and passenger flows of the city districts, can be described by parameters of urban structure, socio-economic factors and parameters that characterize zones of residence and main area of employment. The developed model was tested on real data from Kharkov - the second largest city in Ukraine.

Impact local markets on development single-industry towns of mining regions: exploring the case of Khakassia

It is well-known that the life quality of monoprophilic territories is largely influenced by city-forming enterprises. The article considers the degree of influence of the city-forming enterprises of the coal industry on the development of agriculture of the industry of mono-profile territories in the region. In particular, the direction of the social vector in the activities of coal mining enterprises with regard to support of the corresponding the life quality in single towns has been revealed. Therefore, the material obtained as a result of the study can be used in the development of social development programs of monoprophilic territories with city-forming enterprises of the coal mining industry.

СТРАТЕГІЯ РОЗВИТКУ РЕГІОНІВ В УМОВАХ ДИВЕРСИФІКАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

Substantiation of theoretical and methodological principles and practical recommendations for determining the main directions of the strategy of regional development in terms of diversification of the sectoral profile of the economy. Methodology. Theoretical and practical research of diversification is carried out on the basis of generalization, analysis and synthesis. The method of structural logical analysis was used to determine the sectoral profile of the economy of the Donetsk region. The establishment of interregional differences was carried out using the statistical method and the method of formalization. Results. It is emphasized that the most successful strategy is the strategy of diversification, as a result of which the risks of cyclical development of the regional economic system related to the situation, specific resources, geopolitical, infrastructural conditions of the socio-economic system of the region are dispersed. It is substantiated that the diversified economy has additional opportunities for its development and increase of production efficiency. The sectoral profile of the economy of the Donetsk region is analyzed and the problems related to the mono-functionality of cities are revealed. The presence of deep interregional differences in terms of gross value added, which are in the zone of real danger, has been established. According to the results of the study, it is substantiated that an important direction of economic development of the region should be the strategy of diversification through integration and convergence. The peculiarities of diversification will depend on the specific economic conditions, however, it is emphasized that more attention should be paid to the development of innovative sectors of the economy. Scientific novelty. Deepening of theoretical bases, scientific and methodical approaches and practical tools for determining the main directions of regional development strategy in terms of diversification of the sectoral profile of the economy in conditions of deep interregional differences. Practical significance. Strengthening the role of industries other than the main one for a particular region, and reducing the dependence of the city's economy on the functioning of city-forming enterprises, which will create the basis for further socio-economic well-being of such areas.

Municipal-private partnership as a tool for developing the economy of a single-industry mining city

The problem of development of single-industry municipalities is one of the most acute in the modern economy. Single-industry municipalities are characterized by limited opportunities and significant development risks. The dependence of the economy of a multi-profile settlement on the activities of the city-forming enterprise necessitates the search for mechanisms for their mutually dependent development. This mechanism is a municipal-private partnership. The article considers new approaches to the implementation of municipal-private partnership in relation to the conditions of a single-profile municipality. The approaches proposed in the article to the organization of municipal-private partnership are designed to create conditions for the development of the city-forming enterprise, the sectors of the municipal economy associated with its activities, as well as the social sphere of the municipality. The article describes in detail the tools of municipal-private partnership that ensure the development of the investment potential of the city-forming enterprise, entrepreneurship in the municipality and corporate social responsibility.

Forming the attractiveness of ecotourism territories and self-employment of the population in Dnipropetrovska oblast

The paper establishes that the accelerated development of ecological tourism can play the role of a catalyst for the restructuring of the regional economy, ensure demographic stability, and solve the socio-economic problems of the regions. The 2027 Dnipropetrovska Oblast Regional Development Strategy is considered and analyzed in detail. The results of the socio-economic analysis indicate that there are problems in the region related to the development of tourism that cannot be solved by means of only territorial or sectoral management. It requires regional program support and an integrated approach, coordination of activities with other sectoral departments of local executive authorities and local governments as well as cross-sectoral coordination. The development of ecological tourism is determined to be a promising vector of increasing the attractiveness of regional territories and self-employment of the population of Dnipropetrovska oblast, which will reduce the dependence of administrative-territorial units on the economic state of large city-forming enterprises and asymmetry in the development between the territories of the region. The dynamics of the tourist flow in Dnipropetrovska oblast shows that the market of domestic tourists grew by 147.8% and the market of outbound tourists - by 175% in 2019 compared to 2014. The paper suggests introducing a tax on the functioning of ecotourism infrastructure as a way of self-financing the territories. It will allow attracting funds to the industry, creating a system for the protection of natural and recreational complexes, and improving infrastructural development and tourist attractiveness of territories. Particularly favorable conditions for the development of ecological tourism are created in the territories of national and landscape parks in the region. Increasing the level of employment is one of the priority tasks faced by Dnipropetrovska oblast in order to implement a range of sustainable development tasks. The main ways of further development of ecological tourism on the territory of Dnipropetrovska oblast are determined.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ ГРАДОСТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА МАГНИТОГОРСКА В УСЛОВИЯХ ПОСТОЯННОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ ТЕХНОГЕННЫХ ВЫБРОСОВ ИЗ ЦЕХОВ МАТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКОГО КОМБИНАТА В АТМОСФЕРУ ГОРОДСКОЙ СРЕДЫ

Ensuring and maintaining the environmental safety of the urban population living in an industrial city in the vicinity of a large city-forming enterprise in conditions of constant emission of industrial dust and gases into the air has always been and is today one of the urgent problems of the architecture of the city of Magnitogorsk. The article examines the historically existing urban planning situation in Magnitogorsk in the conditions of the climate and wind direction of the South Urals, the accounting of which largely contributes to the protective qualities of the air despite the significant emissions of man-made pollution into the atmosphere of the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (MMK). The original location of industrial buildings and residential areas during the construction of Magnitogorsk was carried out in the 30s of the XX century on the basis of a purely economic approach, bringing housing as close as possible to production, not taking into account wind flows from the construction site and cutting down perennial trees on the slopes of magnetic mountains for the construction of buildings and structures ... After 10 years of MMK operation, the significant role of the South Ural wind in maintaining the ecological situation in the city was proved. Until now, thousands of city residents continue to live in close proximity to MMK, feeling the harmfulness of industrial emissions that pollute the atmosphere. Later, the residential zone of the city began to develop to the south along the right bank, and the industrial zone to the north along the left bank of the river, thus creating further many unfavorable environmental problems that sometimes have to be eliminated.

The “smart city” concept as a strategy for managing the infrastructure of a single-industry town

The paper is devoted to topical issues of the formation and development of an effective economic policy for managing the infrastructure of a single-industry town with the priorities of using the “smart city” concept. The purpose of the paper is to form a system of integrated management tools for the strategic development of a single-industry town, taking into account modern digitalization mechanisms of socio-economic systems. Particular attention is paid to the diversification of the development of single-industry towns, from revising the emphasis of the economic role from city-forming enterprises to small and medium-sized businesses, social sphere of single-industry towns, sectors of the economy focused on human resources and human capital. The main research methods were comparison, analogy, analysis and synthesis, systematic approach, forecasting method, induction and deduction methods, statistical method, hypothesis design method. The results of scientific research can find practical application at regional levels in the development of strategic programs for the development of single-industry towns, which are focused on the application of innovations and new technologies.

МОНИТОРИНГ ТЕХНОГЕННОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ГОРОДСКИХ ПОЧВ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ г. ТОМСКА)

The problem of technogenic mercury pollution in urban areas and the technogenic transformation of soil in urban areas is considered. Quantitative estimates of the distribution of mercury in soils in the territory of the city of Tomsk were obtained, which indicate concentrations do not exceed the MPC, but are characterized by enrichment in mercury. In Tomsk, the formation of mercury dispersion halos is associated with the activities of the main city-forming enterprises, as well as vehicles. In addition, the relief of the city and the prevailing direction of the winds form hotbeds of increased content of elements. In urban soils, mercury is present mainly in the insoluble fraction. However, in the composition of the insoluble fraction, most of element No. 80 is in the form of organocomplexes, which indicates highly toxic and bioavailable pollutant compounds in soils in the territory of the city of Tomsk. Geochemical associations of mercury with other chemical elements belong to the environmental factor of environmental impact. It should be noted that the list of elements with high average contents for 25 years of research has not changed. And the concentration of elements decreased significantly, which indicates a decrease in the coefficient of their technophilicity. At the same time, the general technical properties of soils, as well as their material and mineralogical composition, indicate technogenic transformation in comparison with background territories.

Games as a Form of Career Guidance

The authors of the article analyzed the scientific research on the use of methods and gamification techniques in career guidance and concluded that it is necessary to work out career guidance games, make sure that elements of physical activity are included in career guidance games, since the board career guidance games do not take into account the “hyperactivity” of the modern generation. The article presents the results of the analysis of career guidance work in the monotown (Nizhnekamsk, The Republic of Tatarstan), identifies factors of its low efficiency: a formal approach to the development of career guidance activities, absence of innovative forms of work in practice, reluctance of managers of enterprises and organizations to cooperate with educational organizations using new forms of career guidance, a low number of highly-qualified and motivated professionals working with innovative methods of career guidance. The study made it possible to identify problems in the implementation of career guidance projects in the monotown. These included: actually no chance of conducting professional tests in real production conditions; provocative policy of the management of enterprises, expressed in the unwillingness to take responsibility for safety of participants in career guidance projects; the lack of personnel in organizations capable of organizing and conducting professional tests in production conditions; the lack of corporate personnel policies of city-forming enterprises in the field of career guidance for children and youth, corporate programs for conducting professional samples. The paper describes the proprietary methodology of conducting professional samples in the form of a quest game which allows acquainting school-age children with the professions of city-forming enterprises in the monotown. Besides, measures to systematize and increase the effectiveness of career guidance work in single-industry conditions are proposed.

ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЙ PR КАК ГРАДООБРАЗУЮЩИЙ ФАКТОР РАЗВИТИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КОМИ)

The article considers the role of such a relatively new trend as industrial PR in the development of the Russian industrial enterprises, cities and territories. By the example of the Komi Republic the author analyses city formation models in the historical retrospective and identifies new trends in this process. “Mondi Syktyvkar Timber Industry Company” is the biggest city-forming enterprise in the Komi Republic, it can serve as a model to examine the manifestations of industrial PR and how it influences the company and the city.

Evaluating the Performance of the Policy and Potential Investment Development of Northern and Artic Municipalities

ABSTRACT The article considers the efficacy of municipal investment policy in the Russian North and Arctic, as well as the budget security and investment potential of municipalities during financial crises. The measures taken by federal and municipal authorities to create a favorable investment environment are given a performance evaluation. In terms of potential northern municipal investment, it is concluded that the growth and intensification of investment activity depend on the locations and capabilities of city-forming enterprises. Therefore, future investment in the northern regions will be primarily dependent on the stable functioning of oil-and-gas municipalities and monotowns.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF SINGLE-INDUSTRY TOWNS’ DEVELOPMENT IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST

The main specific feature of single-industry towns is the dependence of their socio-economic development on the financial situation of the city-forming enterprise (group of enterprises). This enterprise is responsible not only for the filling of the budget, but also for the social situation in the single-industry town. So unemployment in single-industry towns has negative consequences not only for these settlements (reduction of the tax base and the quality of life of the citizens, subsidizes’ depending budgets, the growth of crimes, etc.), but also poses a threat to social and political stability throughout the country. The article considers the current problems of single-industry towns’ the development in the Russian Federation, as well as the specific features of single-industry towns in the Far East; reflects the assessment of the measures undertaken and inserts the proposals, concerning the necessary of support to single-industry towns in general and in the Far East, in particular.

Space technologies – one of the basic bases of innovative development of the siberian region

The creation of rocket and space production has led to a powerful development of industrial potential in the field of high technologies. Space technology has a huge innovative potential for the development of high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries, which required appropriate staffing to solve these problems. As a result, elements of the space infrastructure were created in almost every region of the country, the newest space technologies were introduced in various sectors, into the practice of managing the socio-economic development of the regions. This had a positive effect on the development of the region and its individual cities. Using the cities of the Krasnoyarsk Region as an example, assessments of the level of budget financing of the city development program were made using the developed methodology. The role of special cities and city-forming enterprises of the space industry in ensuring the innovative development of the region, including ZATO Zheleznogorsk, is revealed. Research has been conducted on the development of the space technology direction of the cluster of innovative technologies implemented by the JSC «ISS» through the modernization of production and the expansion of cooperation between cluster enterprises and universities and enterprises of the Siberian region. The role of the personnel policy of JSC «ISS» is determined, ensuring the preservation and development of the professional competencies of its employees in the field of high-tech space industries, which contributes to the innovative development of the domestic space industry.

Social development of Russian nuclear power plant cities

The article presents the analysis of the influence of historical factors on the development of Russian cities of nuclear power industry and the genetic types of these cities. Most of these cities are young, their socioeconomic state depends on the city-forming enterprise. The formation and development of nuclear power plant (NPPs) cities went in two ways: the city was built in parallel with the nuclear power plant (e.g., Novovoronezh, Desnogorsk, Kurchatov); the NPP was built near the settlement, and then NPP has influenced on socioeconomic development of the settlement, its employment structure, etc. (Volgodonsk and Balakovo). In USSR/Russia practice, the first way dominated, when an urban-type settlement was built near a NPP, such settlement then intensively grew and developed into a city. There are three types of Russian cities with NPPs: the cities formed and developed before the construction of the NPP; the cities developed due to the operation of NPPs, and the cities created and developed due to the operation of NPPs. It was found that the factor of formation of nuclear power industry in the city is decisive in the social development of almost all cities of NPPs and affects their current state.

АНАЛИЗ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОГО ПЛАНА МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ МОНОГОРОДОВ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГОРОДА ТОЛЬЯТТИ

The study is due to the severity and magnitude of the problems of single-industry municipalities. Single-industry towns are the “weak spot” of Russia. In such municipalities, the dependence of the settlement on the city-forming enterprise is clearly expressed, which causes well-founded concerns in the conditions of the economic crisis in which the Russian Federation has been staying for a long time. The population of single-industry towns may be left without jobs and wages, the city budget will lose the monetary component of the taxes of the city-forming enterprise. In such situation population outflows may begin, the city will lose its social attractiveness and may eventually cease to exist as a municipality. The comprehensive investment plan is the main instrument of state financial support for the integrated development of single-industry towns, which is aimed at eliminating the dependence of a single-industry entity on the city-forming enterprise, improving the socio-economic condition of the city, improving and finding the investment attractiveness of the municipality. The article deals with the problems of the spatial development of the territory of the single-industry city of Tolyatti, taking into account the socio-economic orientation. A search is being made for a solution to the town-planning use of the city’s territory on the basis of a comprehensive investment modernization plan. The assessment of the previous state of the territorial unit, the process of implementing a comprehensive investment modernization plan and the forecast of the post-sales condition of the city are given.