City Administration Research Articles

Влияние физкультурно-оздоровительной и спортивной среды города на здоровье жителей.

Recreation and sports environment is an essential part of the urban space, which is the most important factor in improving and maintaining health of the citizens, contributing to better mental health, cognitive functions, lower overall mortality, higher life expectancy, lower morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases, prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, better pregnancy and birth outcomes. Recreation and sports environment of the urban space includes the city’s greenery, recreational areas, areas for physical activities and sports, and waterfront areas. This study uses a correlation analysis to analyze impact of the recreation and sports environment of cities on health of the population of working and post-working ages. The study was conducted in 2019 on the example of large and huge urban cities of the Moscow region populated with more than 125,000 people. Based on the correlation analysis results, the authors have demonstrated the impact of the overall set of all sports facilities, sports structures, flat sports structures, swimming pools, sports halls, and public green spaces in cities on health of the post-working age. The study has also shown the impact of swimming pools, the overall set of all types of sports facilities, sports structures, flat sports structures, sports halls, and public green spaces in cities on health of the workingage population. The development and constant support of the city’s fitness and sports environment in a functional state is an important task of city administrations, the result of which is able to increase the physical activity of citizens and lead to a decrease in the morbidity of the urban population.

Spatial variation and determinants of solid fuel use in Ethiopia; Mixed effect and spatial analysis using 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey dataset.

According to UNSD, World Bank, and WHO, a 2020 joint report, 3 billion people who used solid fuel were found in low and middle-income countries. The burning of such type of fuel emits a variety of pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO2, organic compounds, and other substances which a had wide range of public health problems The evidence from the WHO report, indoor air pollution was attributed to around 3.2 million deaths each year in 2020, and more than 237 000 deaths of children under the age of five. This study aims to investigate solid fuel prevalence, predictors, and spatial variation in Ethiopia. This study was conducted in Ethiopia based on the fifth Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys 2019 dataset. 8,663 households were successfully interviewed at a response rate of 99%. Weighted by sampling weight was done to do a reliable statistical analysis. Fuel type was used as the outcome variable whereas sex of household head (male or female), wealth index (poor, middle, and rich), educational status (no education, primary, secondary, higher), having television and radio, a separate room used as a kitchen, were individual predictor variables and community level education(lower/higher), residence(urban/rural), community level media exposure (exposed/unexposed), region (pastoralist, semi-pastoralist, Agrarian, and City administration) were community level variables. All the above analyses were conducted using Excel Microsoft 2016, STATA 14, ArcGIS 10.7, and SaTScan 10.1 software. The majority (72.62%) of household heads were males. The overall national level of solid fuel use was 87.13% (95% CI (86.4%-87.82%)). From this 87.13% of solid fuel use, 18.60% accounts for urban and 68.53% for rural parts of the country. Educational status, having television, accessing electricity, and wealth index were individual-level variables community-level education, type of residence, and region were community-level variables significantly associated factors towards solid fuel use in our study. Global (z-score = 33.109144, P-value <0.0001), local (hot spot, cluster, and outlier), and Spatial Scan statistical analyses revealed that there was a major geographical variation in solid fuel use across Ethiopia. Based on this finding, the prevalence of solid fuel use was higher in Ethiopia. Educational status, having television, accessing electricity, and wealth index were individual-level variables and community-level education, type of residence, and region were community-level variables statistically significant factors in determining fuel choice for cooking. There was significant spatial variation in the prevalence of solid-fuel use across the country. In order to addressing such heavily dependent on solid fuel use, responsible bodies like health policy makers, national and international organizations, and public health researchers should work on showing health problems of solid fuel use and the means of increasing clean fuel use. Substantial policy modifications are desirable to reach access to clean fuels and technologies (SDG 7.1.2) by 2030 to address health inequities.

Geographic weighted regression analysis of hot spots of modern contraceptive utilization and its associated factors in Ethiopia.

Utilization of modern contraceptives is a common healthcare challenge in Ethiopia. Prevalence of modern contraception utilization is varying across different regions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate Geographic weighted regression analysis of hotspots of modern contraceptive utilization and its associated factors in Ethiopia, using Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data. Based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey data, a total weighted sample of 8,673 women was included in this study. For the Geographic Weighted Regression analysis, Arc-GIS version 10.7 and SaTScan version 9.6, statistical software was used. Spatial regression was done to identify factors associated with the hotspots of modern contraceptive utilization and model comparison was carried out using adjusted R2 and AICc. Variables with a p-value < 0.25 in the bi-variable analysis were considered for the multivariable analysis. Multilevel robust Poisson regression analysis was fitted for associated factors since the prevalence of modern contraceptive was >10%. In the multilevel robust Poisson regression analysis, the adjusted prevalence ratio with the 95% confidence interval was reported to declare the statistical significance and strength of association. The prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization in Ethiopia was 37.25% (95% CI: 36.23%, 38.27%). Most of the hotspot areas were located in Oromia and Amhara regions, followed by the SNNPR region and Addis Ababa City administration. Single Women, poor Women, and more fertility preference were significant predictors of hotspots areas of modern contraceptive utilization. In the multivariable multilevel robust Poisson regression analysis, Women aged 25-34 years (APR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.98), 35-49 years (APR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.83), married marital status (APR = 2.59, 95% CI: 2.18, 3.08), Others religions (APR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.89), number of children 1-4 (APR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.37), no more fertility preference (APR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.32), Afar, Somali, Harari, and Dire Dawa: (APR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.67), (APR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.12), (APR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.98), and (APR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.98), respectively. Amhara region (APR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.57), rural residence (APR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.95) High community wealth index (APR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.91) were significantly associated with modern contraceptive utilization. There were significant spatial variations of factors affecting modern contraceptive use across regions in Ethiopia. Therefore, public health interventions targeting areas with low modern contraceptive utilization will help to increase modern contraception use considering significant factors at individual and community levels.The detailed map of modern contraceptive use cold spots among reproductive age group and its predictors could assist program planners and decision-makers to design targeted public health interventions.Government of Ethiopia must develop more geographic targeted strategies for improving socioeconomic status of women and availability & accessibility of health facilities in rural areas of the countries.

Bread alarm in Brussels, 1840. Understanding and theorizing the development of food scares

ABSTRACT In Brussels in February 1840, Piotr Kopczynski published a series of three newspaper articles that caused a commotion because they took seriously the rumors about bread that caused gastrointestinal problems. Journalists, city administrators, doctors, chemists, bakers, and two health boards reacted to the articles, which led to a controversy that lasted a couple of months. The paper analyzes this episode, paying meticulous attention to the views and doings of all actors. It emphasizes the need to know the chronology of food fears to learn when, how, and why people and institutions react. The Kopczynski affair allows to suggest the phases of food fears, that may go beyond time and place. Sources of the paper include reports, magazines, treatises, and especially newspapers, which are carefully read with consideration not only of what was written but also of how.

The Resident or Community Partnership with Police in Addis Ababa City Administration

The future competition is anticipated to focus on Police Community Partnerships rather than physical material production in order to evaluate the Ethiopian community's participation in police member community partnership with police. This study was done to evaluate Police Community Partnerships procedures and issues specific to the Ethiopian population. The following particular goals were created: 432 police officers were chosen by the researchers using a scientific manner out of a total population of 13755 in order to evaluate the community partnership with police practices of police officers. The data was acquired using basic random sampling and purposeful sampling procedures, and structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyses both the quantitative and qualitative data. The main conclusions were that there were insufficient human resources, financial resources, and competent and accountable selectors. Additionally, there were insufficient background checks, physical and psychological examinations, assessments of applicants' potential for leadership, and the use of appropriate performance evaluation methods. According to the research team's recommendations, the Ethiopian community should work with all regional and local police commissioners, develop clear policies and standards, assign enough human resources, fulfil an adequate budget, and reject informal hiring practices. By working with accountable organizations, the Ethiopian community seeks to create a positive public impression of police officers, government support, and community perception to cooperate with all stakeholders during recruiting and selection.

Роль целевых индикаторов при мониторинге реализации стратегии

Municipal administrations of big cities develop numerous transport strategies but few of them eventually enter practice, and those implemented require more efficient monitoring tools. This article introduces indicators that could be used during initial strategizing, e.g., goal-setting, road-mapping, etc., in order to evolve into strategy monitoring tools. It reviews international and domestic ratings of transport systems, their role and application in strategic planning, and related development indicators. The empirical research involved the experience of Moscow authorities in the development and implementation of strategic documents that regulate the transport system. As a rule, early strategic documents cover but a few implementation indicators, supported by a methodology for data gathering and analysis. However, a more complete strategy plan should include a list of second-level indicators. Such a detailed approach could explain the main indicators and provide a necessary quality assessment from different aspects.

Private provisioning of public adaptation: Integration of cognitive-behavioral, adaptive capacity, and institutional approaches

There is a growing need to create conditions for private actors to engage in provisioning of public adaptation in urban systems. Urban administrators have limited control over the urban dynamics necessary to achieve their climate adaptation policy goals. The actions of private actors – residents, businesses, civil society organizations – have significant influence over urban development trajectories. City administrators thus must engage with private actors to mobilize their responses, particularly for extreme climate threats that require everyone to “do their part” to achieve an aggregate state of improved adaptedness for the urban system as a whole. We combine insights from cognitive and behavioral theory, institutional analysis, adaptive capacity, and research on urban adaptation governance to create a conceptual framework to advance theoretical understanding of the potential for private provisioning for public adaptation. We apply these insights to the case of urban actors’ responses to the drought of 2017–19 in the City of Cape Town, South Africa. The case illustrates how social norms and identities interact with socioeconomic status, distinct histories with public institutions and authorities, and relative “stocks” of specific and generic capacities to shape private actors’ willingness to engage in self-transcendent, public-oriented adaptation. The complexity of these interactions challenge efforts of urban administrators to design effective interventions. Policy to foster private provisioning will need to address the difficult questions of how the urban public is defined, who is included, who is excluded, and how individual adaptations can augment or undermine public adaptation goals.

Towards Semantic Smart Cities: A Study on the Conceptualization and Implementation of Semantic Context Inference Systems

Smart cities provide integrated management and operation of urban data emerging within a city, supplying the infrastructure for smart city services and resolving various urban challenges. Nevertheless, cities continue to grapple with substantial issues, such as contagious diseases and terrorism, that pose severe financial and human risks. These problems sporadically arise in various locales, and current smart city frameworks lack the capability to autonomously identify and address these issues. The challenge intensifies especially when trying to recognize and respond to unprecedented problems. The primary objective of this research is to predict potential urban issues and support their resolution proactively. To achieve this, our system makes use of semantic reasoning to understand the ongoing situations within the city. In this process, the 5W1H principles serve as inference rules, guiding the extraction and consolidation of context. Firstly, utilizing domain-specific annotation templates, we craft a semantic graph by amalgamating information from various sources available in the city, such as municipal public data and IoT platforms. Subsequently, the system autonomously infers and accumulates contexts of situations occurring in the city using 5W1H-based reasoning. As a result, the accumulated contexts allow for inferring potential urban problems by identifying repeated disruptions in city services at specific times or locations and establishing connections among them. The main contribution of this paper lies in proposing a comprehensive conceptual model for the suggested system and presenting actual implementation cases and applicable use cases. These contributions facilitate awareness among city administrators and citizens within a smart city regarding potential problem-prone areas or times, thereby aiding in the preemptive identification and mitigation of urban challenges.

UTILIZING WASTE GOODS AS A MEDIUM IMPROVING ENTREPRENEURIAL ENTHUSIASM AT SRENGSENG-JAKARTA

Academics have developed frameworks to describe this fundamental entrepreneurial mindset, drawing on deep experience in teaching entrepreneurship to students. An entrepreneurial mindset is a set of skills that enables people to identify and make the most of opportunities, overcome and learn from setbacks, and succeed in a variety of situations. Improving human quality as a development resource is the main requirement for improving the level of people's welfare. The main goal of millennium development or millennium development goals (MDGs) in Indonesia, with the priority of poverty alleviation, is to reduce the proportion of poor people to half or 8.2% of the total population by 2015. One way to alleviate poverty is that the government suggests that entrepreneurial activities in Indonesian society be developed by considering the potential of local communities. The type of business that is currently developing is the used goods business sector. West Jakarta has a vision for the West Jakarta Administrative City to become a comfortable and prosperous service city. The mission is to build good governance to create cultural tourism, service, and historical cities. Improving the quality of the urban environment sustainably and empowering the community by developing values, norms, and social institutions, to improve the quality of community services.

Средневековый Лондон в период эпидемии чумы (1348–1351): некоторые аспекты социальной жизни

The article examines certain aspects of the social life of the City during the period of the plague (1348–1351) based on the documentation of the London Magistrate. It is shown that the Black Death dealt the most severe blow to the capital’s guilds, depriving them of workers and temporarily disorganizing production, which affected both the quality of manufactured products and relations inside trade and craft corporations, contributing to their further decline. Being unable to cope with the growth of social activity of journeymen, apprentices and servants, the masterswere forced to appeal to the authority of the City administration, demanding from it theconfirmation of previously established restrictive measures. Another important aspect of everyday life in London was overcoming such consequences of the crisis as the growth of crime and the restoration of shaken public mores, which were also fought through attempts at greater regulation and prohibitions. However, these measures did not bring tangible results.

USED GOODS CREATION FOR SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS AT SRENGSENG-JAKARTA

Family companies can generally run well and are strengthened by family members who are very loyal and highly loyal to the family-owned company. However, problems often occur in managing family companies, especially regarding changing leadership. Conflicts often arise between family interests and company interests. Therefore, even though family companies are simpler than general companies, determining a company that the family will run must still be done through a clear and concrete process, namely by carrying out a Business Planning process, which starts with a Feasibility Study. Business. The main goal of millennium development or millennium development goals (MDGs) in Indonesia, with the priority of poverty alleviation, is to reduce the proportion of poor people to half or 8.2% of the total population by 2015. One way to alleviate poverty is that the government suggests that entrepreneurial activities in Indonesian society be developed by considering the potential of local communities. The type of business that is currently developing is the used goods business sector. West Jakarta has a vision for the West Jakarta Administrative City to become a comfortable and prosperous service city. The mission is to build good governance to create cultural tourism, service, and historical cities. Moreover, the quality of the urban environment is sustainably and empowering the community by developing values, norms, and social institutions to improve the quality of community services.

Pharmacy professionals’ perceptions of their professional duties in the Ethiopian health care system: a mixed methods study

BackgroundPharmacy professionals are experts in therapeutic knowledge, experience, and skills that are used to ensure desired patient outcomes, utilizing the best available clinical evidence and interventions in collaboration with the health care team. They perceive themselves as a provider of technical, standardized, and individualized advice. The objective of this study was thus to assess the perception of pharmacy professionals towards their current professional roles in the health care system in Dessie, a city in the north-east Ethiopian region.MethodsA mixed-methods sequential explanatory study was used to assess the perception of pharmacy professionals towards their professional roles in Dessie city administration from December 15–30, 2019. The study participants were all pharmacy professionals working at health facilities in Dessie. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data, and face-to-face key informant interviews were used for qualitative data collection. Data were entered, processed, and analyzed using SPSS 25.0 statistical software, and thematic analysis was used for the qualitative exploration using QDA Miner Lite software (v2.0.7, free edition version).ResultThe study had a 97.7% response rate. Of the 301 participants, 173 (57.5%) were male. Most of the participants had a positive perception, while 38 (12.6%) had a poor perception of their current professional roles. Lack of physical access, poor initiatives, poor communication skills, and a lack of administrative support for pharmaceutical care were statistically significant at a p value of 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. From the qualitative data, two major themes emerged: perceived roles and determinants (perceived facilitators and barriers).ConclusionPharmacy professionals’ roles were found to be influenced by a lack of physical access, poor initiatives, poor communication skills, and poor administrator support. Pharmaceutical care requires everyone’s involvement in addressing these factors for successful performance and a better outcome and in considering perceived facilitators and barriers.

Heat exposure assessment based on high-resolution spatio-temporal data of population dynamics and temperature variations

Urban heat waves pose a significant risk to the health and safety of city dwellers, with urbanization potentially amplifying the health impact of extreme heat. Accurate assessments of population heat exposure hinge on the interplay between temperature, population spatial dynamics, and the epidemiological effects of temperature on health. Yet, many past studies have over-simplified the matter by assuming static populations, leading to substantial inaccuracies in heat exposure assessments. To address these issues, this study integrates dynamic population data, fluctuating temperature, and the exposure-response relationship between temperature and health to construct an advanced heat exposure assessment framework predicated on a population dynamic model. We analyzed urban heat island characteristics, population dynamics, and heat exposure during heat wave conditions in Beijing, a major city in China. Our findings highlight significant intra-day population movement between urban and suburban areas during heat wave conditions, with spatial population flow patterns showing clear scale-dependent characteristics. These population flow dynamics intensify heat exposure levels, and the disparity between dynamic population-weighted temperature and average temperature is most pronounced at night. Our research provides a more comprehensive understanding of real urban population heat exposure levels and can furnish city administrators with more scientifically rigorous evidence.

The influence of air pollutants on COVID-19 severity in the administrative and industrial city of Kharkiv

Background. Despite the official statement by the World Health Organization regarding the end of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the risk of an epidemic rise in morbidity remains due to the active circulation of the pathogen and its mutation. Social, natural, environmental, and other factors can contribute to the spread of COVID-19. Air pollutants are extremely dangerous for humans, and a mixture of aerosols and dust particles in the air can serve as factors for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission. So, the purpose of the study was to reveal the impact of air pollutants on COVID-19 severity in Kharkiv. Materials and methods. The influence of environmental factors on the manifestations of COVID-19 epidemic was assessed for 425 days. 16,723 cases of hospitalizations, 1,883 deaths, and 15,146 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in various age groups were studied. There were on average 4,663 active cases every day. Statistical analysis on assessing the impact of environmental factors on COVID-19 morbidity with different degrees of severity was performed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test in the IBM SPSS Statistics software package, and the normality of the distribution was checked using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Microsoft Office Excel 2016 spreadsheet tools were used for some auxiliary calculations and graphing. Results. The influence of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous oxide, hydrogen sulfide, phenol, soot, and formaldehyde on COVID-19 morbidity in different severity of infection course with incubation periods of 3–4, 6–7, and 10–14 days was revealed. The effect of high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and formaldehyde was most significant on active, confirmed, hospitalized, and fatal cases of COVID-19. At the same time, a rise in active cases of COVID-19 was observed with increasing concentrations of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, and high concentrations of phenol and soot had an impact on severe forms. Conclusions. Air pollution can contribute to the spread of COVID-19 and lead to its severe forms, which should be considered when predicting morbidity at different levels (national, regional, local) of epidemiological surveillance. Further research is needed to reveal causal relationships between the incidence of COVID-19 and air pollutants, considering the influence of social and natural factors.

IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PENTA HELIX DALAM PROGRAM MEDIA DAN PUBLIKASI DESA

Alumni Family Association (IKA) of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (FISIP) Hasanuddin University (UNHAS) involving members from representatives of State (PTN) and Private Universities (PTS), and the Regional Management Council (DPD) of Indonesian Online Journalists (JOIN) Bone Regency, South Sulawesi (Sulsel), led by Zulkarnain Hamson, Chair of the Community Service Team (PKM), with three facilitator lecturers, carried out Village Journalism training with the theme: "Building an Information System that supports the Publication of Village Potential" as part of the model implementation Pentahelix. Of the 27 sub-districts in Bone Regency, Palakka is the pilot project for organizing Village Journalism and is the first to be implemented in Bone. Head of District Area, Andi Akbar Baso SH. appreciated the Village Journalism training, when welcoming the JOIN team of lecturers and administrators, in order to improve the human resources of 15 villages in the region. Each village sends 2 staff, to take place in the sub-district office hall for one day. The training was considered successful in achieving targets, with participants increasing their understanding of the importance of using media for village publications

Factors determining antenatal care utilization among mothers of deceased perinates in Ethiopia.

Receiving adequate antenatal care (ANC) had an integral role in improving maternal and child health outcomes. However, several factors influence the utilization of ANC from the individual level up to the community level factors. Thus, this study aims to investigate factors that determine ANC service utilization among mothers of deceased perinate using the proper count regression model. Secondary data analysis was performed on perinatal death surveillance data. A total of 3,814 mothers of deceased perinates were included in this study. Hurdle Poisson regression with a random intercept at both count-and zero-part (MHPR.ERE) model was selected as a best-fitted model. The result of the model was presented in two ways, the first part of the count segment of the model was presented using the incidence rate ratio (IRR), while the zero parts of the model utilized the adjusted odds ratio (AOR). This study revealed that 33.0% of mothers of deceased perinates had four ANC visits. Being in advanced maternal age [IRR = 1.03; 95CI: (1.01-1.09)], attending primary level education [IRR = 1.08; 95 CI: (1.02-1.15)], having an advanced education (secondary and above) [IRR = 1.14; 95 CI: (1.07-1.21)] and being resident of a city administration [IRR = 1.17; 95 CI: (1.05-1.31)] were associated with a significantly higher frequency of ANC visits. On the other hand, women with secondary and above education [AOR = 0.37; 95CI: (0.26-0.53)] and women who live in urban areas [AOR = 0.42; 95 CI: (0.33-0.54)] were less likely to have unbooked ANC visit, while women who resided in pastoralist regions [AOR = 2.63; 95 CI: (1.02-6.81)] were more likely to have no ANC visit. The uptake of ANC service among mothers having a deceased perinate was determined by both individual (maternal age and educational status) and community (residence and type of region) level factors. Thus, a concerted effort is needed to improve community awareness through various means of communication by targeting younger women. Furthermore, efforts should be intensified to narrow down inequalities observed in ANC service provision due to the residence of the mothers by availing necessary personnel and improving the accessibility of service in rural areas.

PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN WAJIB PAJAK, KUALITAS PELAYANAN FISKUS, DAN SANKSI PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK

Tax compliance is an obedient and obedient attitude carried out by taxpayers in carrying out tax obligations. Therefore compliance has always been an important factor in increasing tax revenues as the country's main source of national development. This study aims to analyze the effect of taxpayer knowledge, quality of tax authorities and tax sanctions on individual taxpayer compliance in DKI Jakarta Province. This study uses primary data obtained from respondents' answers to the statements given in the form of a questionnaire. The population of this study is individual taxpayers who have a NPWP and are registered at the KPP DKI Jakarta Administrative City Region. Sampling in this study used a convenience sampling technique which then obtained 100 respondents. The data analysis used in this research is validity and reliability test, descriptive statistical analysis, classic assumption test, and multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of the analysis with the help of SPSS software, it shows that taxpayer knowledge has a significant effect on taxpayer compliance, while the quality of tax authorities and tax sanctions do not have a significant effect on taxpayer compliance.

Uptake of retroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis and its associated factors among female sex workers, Northwest Ethiopia

BackgroundPre-exposure prophylaxis is the use of antiretroviral medications by HIV-negative individuals to prevent infection before exposure. Ethiopia has made progress in reducing new HIV infections, but the burden remains high with ongoing challenges in prevention uptake. This study examined the utilization and factors associated with pre-exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Bahir Dar city administration among female sexual workers in 2022. The results were collected using a pre-tested and structured questionnaire. Epi data for data entry and social package for social science for analysis were used.ResultOverall, 15.9% (CI: 12.0-21.1) of female sexual workers received pre-exposure prophylaxis. Parents’ living condition (only father alive [AOR = 0.23, 95% CI, 0.02–0.64], only mother alive [AOR = 0.31, 95% CI, 0.02–0.74]), marital status being single (AOR = 0.27, 95% CI, 0.06–0.94), having history of STI (AOR = 2.82, 95% CI, 1.60–4.77) were associated with pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake.ConclusionThis study showed low pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake. The study identified a history of sexually transmitted infections, marital status, and parent living conditions as significant factors. To increase pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake and reduce HIV incidence, an awareness campaign, tailored support, targeted interventions, and addressing concerns of high-risk groups are needed.

Maternal near-miss prediction model development among pregnant women in Bahir Dar City administration, northwest Ethiopia: a study protocol

IntroductionMaternal near-miss is a condition when a woman nearly died but survived from complications that happened during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days after delivery. Maternal near-miss is more prevalent...

Towards integrated, and sustainable municipal solid waste management system in Shashemane city administration, Ethiopia

Solid waste generation is attested to be unavoidable product of human activities. Sustainable management of such waste is a pressing challenge faced in many developing countries today. The study was motivated by the fast growing population and the inefficient waste management system threatening the public health and the image of Shashemene city in Ethiopia. The objectives of the study were: to explore the existing household solid waste management practices, to examine the current governance system of municipal solid waste management, to investigate the contemporary challenges and opportunities of municipal solid waste management, and forward integrated and sustainable municipal solid waste management system for Shashemene city. Data were collected from sampled households, key informants, focus groups, and the city's environment. Data were analyzed by employing quantitative and qualitative methods. 94.8 % of the respondents opined that the solid waste generated in their city is organic in nature (Ash, and sweeps; leftover food, and vegetable peels; paper, and cardboards; green leaves, and grass; and cattle dung). 96.7 % of respondent households opined that they have temporary waste storage in their yards and trash bags were asserted to be widely used (87.6 %) in handling the trash in the courtyard. The waste sorting and recovering practices among the residents is very low and is certainly the major cause for inefficient and unsustainable management system of municipal solid waste in Shashemene city. Generally, a grand mean of 2.23 confirmed the absence of good governance in municipal solid waste management system in Shashemene city. Moreover, the significant proportion of responses ( ≥ 50 %) for each of the nine principles of good governance as either poor or very poor asserted governance failure of the municipal solid waste management system in Shashemene city. The results of the study confirmed that low public awareness on waste management; inadequate collection capacity; poor integration and coordination of stakeholders; environmentally unsound dump site; and illegal dumping by key stakeholders are the major challenges underpinning the unsustainable municipal solid waste management in the city. It is recommended that Shashemene city must adopt integrated sustainable municipal solid waste management system to substantially enhance the waste management service in the city leading to ultimate advancement of public health and environmental quality.