Citizen Confidence Research Articles

Water quality for citizen confidence: The implementation process of 2020 EU Drinking Water Directive in Nordic countries

Water quality for citizen confidence: The implementation process of 2020 EU Drinking Water Directive in Nordic countries

Multilevel modelling of the assessment of confidence in the healthcare system in residents of municipalities of the Arkhangelsk region and the Komi Republic

Introduction. The list of factors determining the confidence in the healthcare system, the vector and the strength of their influence are mediated by the social circumstance (place of living). The purpose of the study is to quantify the level of confidence in the healthcare system in residents of the Arkhangelsk Region and the Komi Republic and to determine its territorial determinacy. Materials and methods. A sociological survey was conducted in a group of one thousand seventy five residents from 20 municipalities of two northern regions. The multilevel modelling was used to confirm the hypothesis on the combined impact of factors of individual and group (municipal) levels on the confidence of citizens in healthcare system. Results. The average “index” of confidence in the healthcare system of residents of the Arkhangelsk Region and the Komi Republic was 40.8 points (95% CI: 38.8–42.8) and 47.1 points (95% CI: 44.7–49.5), respectively (p < 0.001). The average values of the index of confidence in the healthcare system differ statistically significantly in the groups of residents in municipalities. Health Literacy is the most important determinant of the confidence in the healthcare system. Other major determinants are the respondents’ age, self-assessments of health status and well-being. Health Literacy, age and self-assessment of the well-being of Northerners living in different municipalities have a different impact on their confidence in the healthcare system. Limitations of the study are due to the peculiarities of its design, — the lack of the possibility of verifying the respondents’ answers to the questions. Conclusion. The confidence in the healthcare system of residents of the municipalities of the Arkhangelsk region and the Komi Republic is determined not only by their personal qualities, but also by the social (territorial) circumstance (place of living).

Профессионализм судей как основа формирования доверия к судебной системе

The work raised the problem of increasing the confidence of citizens in the judicial system. According to the author, the professionalism of judges, the ability to motivate and substantiate their conclusions based on the results of consideration of a particular case, on which the fairness of the decision depends, and hence the trust of citizens in the court, should be considered fundamental for this.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN UPDATING AND FORMING ADDRESS INFORMATION

The article examines the study of the process of updating and forming voter lists based on registration address codes conducted by the Akimat of Astana during the electoral period in order to ensure the accuracy of voter data. The approach proposed by the authors, based on the use of modern technologies and data verification methods, allowed to increase the relevance of the voter registry from 84 to 100 %. The article presents an overview of the work carried out during the electoral period to update voter lists and update information about citizens who have active suffrage. The applied methods, procedures and technical solutions are considered, and also the results of the work carried out, supported by statistical data, are presented. The proposed approach makes it possible to significantly increase the accuracy and relevance of voter lists and increase the confidence of citizens in the electoral system as a whole. Materials of the article can be useful to increase efficiency and transparency of election processes, and this experience can be scaled up by stakeholders.

Government’s crisis response and citizen’s confidence reconstruction: A literature review study from Post COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented an unprecedented global crisis, highlighting the vital role of government in crisis management, especially in public health emergencies. This literature review, “Government’s Crisis Response and Citizen’s Confidence Reconstruction: A Post-COVID-19 Review,” delves into the varied governmental responses worldwide and their impact on public confidence and trust. It focuses on maintaining public trust while managing public health in a stable economic environment. The study emphasizes concepts such as “crisis response” and “citizen confidence reconstruction,” which contribute to understanding government actions, public trust, and compliance. Using a literature review, case studies, and regional comparison, it offers a multifaceted view of the responses of different regions. Although the study lacks quantitative analysis and focuses primarily on Asia-Pacific, its generalizability may be affected by its limited quantitative analysis. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of effective crisis management and rebuilding public confidence in the post-COVID-19 era, it would be helpful to expand the geographical scope, incorporate quantitative methods, and explore the long-term psychological and social impacts of pandemic responses.

Напрямки удосконалення взаємодії органів місцевого самоврядування з інститутами громадянського суспільства публічної влади в умовах війни в Україні

The need to establish effective interaction between civil society institutions and state authorities became urgent in martial law conditions. The article analyzes the main problems in interacting with local self-government and executive power bodies with the region’s public. The main directions for improving dialogue at the regional level to establish partnership relations in local self-government bodies and executive power bodies with the public have been determined. The work determined that recognizing the relationship between law and justice is part of the European legal tradition. A fundamental element of civil society is its independent, self-governing institutions, which, interacting with state institutions, perform an essential legitimating function within and in interaction with state institutions. It has been argued that civil society organizations guarantee the inviolability of citizens’ rights, give citizens confidence in their strength, and support citizens and government agencies that can stand up to the enemy. They act in their way and turn on a self-governing basis within the limits of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine. Especially relevant is civil society’s role in the period of full-scale war in Ukraine. In such a difficult period of our independence, every Ukrainian took an active part in public life, joining the joint victory over the enemy. The activity becomes an essential support for foreign volunteers. That is why the role of civil society is invaluable. In the context of determining effective mechanisms of formation and maintaining an appropriate level of security environment is emphasized the implementation of analytical activities to determine the strategic orientations of foreign and internal policy of the state, timely detection of military threats, including potential, raising the standard of living of the population and the legal culture of society. One of the priority tasks of the interaction of the mentioned subjects is the formation and implementation of compatible measures to maintain national security by forming an appropriate level of security environment in the state and effective implementation of law enforcement activities. Keywords: civil society institutions, state, public authorities, armed aggression, public organizations.

Category "trust" in constitutional law: some estimates

The article provides an analysis of the category ,,trust” in constitutional law. It is noted that the category ,,trust” is contained in all institutions of constitutional law. Some theoretical provisions on the concept of ,,trust” are considered. An assessment of the confidence of citizens in the President of the Republic of Belarus is given, on the basis of which it is concluded that there is no trust between citizens and the President, since relations between them are not equal in terms of the strength awarded and received. The author emphasizes that the purpose of the authorities - is to ensure the comfortable life of the people and the authorities themselves. Therefore, the authorities should be interested in free, fair and fair elections. However, elec- tions in Belarus are designed by the state not on the mutual trust of citizens and the state, but on formal prescriptions known only to the authorities. As a result, power from elections to elections replicates itself. In conclusion, the idea is expressed about the need to form an ,,ideology of trust” in the country.

Case study on the effects of the implementation process of transitional justice in some North African countries

The Maghreb countries were and remain a vital space for the states of the Euro-Mediterranean space, thanks to the millennial interconnection of the respective societies, including in the light of the democratization processes of the region in question. However, the truth is that Europe has had and continues to have a major influence on the democratization process of North Africa, including through the implementation of various processes of reconciliation of societies that have passed through authoritarian regimes, offering certain programs and projects to strengthen the confidence of citizens in state institutions.

52 Weeks Later: Attitudes Towards COVID-19 Apps for Different Purposes Over Time

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted countries around the world to introduce smartphone apps to support disease control efforts. Their purposes range from digital contact tracing to quarantine enforcement to vaccination passports, and their effectiveness often depends on widespread adoption. While previous work has identified factors that promote or hinder adoption, it has typically examined data collected at a single point in time or focused exclusively on digital contact tracing apps. In this work, we conduct the first representative study that examines changes in people's attitudes towards COVID-19-related smartphone apps for five different purposes over the first 1.5 years of the pandemic. In three survey rounds conducted between Summer 2020 and Summer 2021 in the United States and Germany, with approximately 1,000 participants per round and country, we investigate people's willingness to use such apps, their perceived utility, and people's attitudes towards them in different stages of the pandemic. Our results indicate that privacy is a consistent concern for participants, even in a public health crisis, and the collection of identity-related data significantly decreases acceptance of COVID-19 apps. Trust in authorities is essential to increase confidence in government-backed apps and foster citizens' willingness to contribute to crisis management. There is a need for continuous communication with app users to emphasize the benefits of health crisis apps both for individuals and society, thus counteracting decreasing willingness to use them and perceived usefulness as the pandemic evolves.

Constitutional Law Regulation of the Use of Digital Technologies in Video Surveillance over Elections and Referendums

Elections and referendums are the main ways of free expression of the will of Russian citizens concerning political and other issues of importance to society. The significance of these forms of citizen participation in the life of Russian society presupposes the existence of legislative mechanisms for their regulation. At the same time, the introduction of modern technologies that make it possible to exclude the possibility of falsifications and other violations of election and referendum procedures is of particular importance. Video surveillance is one of the digital technologies that can increase the confidence of citizens in these methods of their free expression. The paper is devoted to constitutional law regulation of the use of digital technologies in video surveillance over elections and referendums. The paper considers in detail a set of regulatory and legal sources, on the basis of which the use of video surveillance systems in voting premises at polling stations is regulated. The author analyzes legislative acts that explain the specifics of the use of video surveillance during elections and referendums, mainly federal laws, as well as resolutions of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation. In conclusion, the author dwells on the prospects and effectiveness of the use of modern digital technologies in the implementation of video surveillance over the course of elections and referendums.

Countering Democratic Disruption Amid The Disinformation Phenomenon Through Artificial Intelligence (AI) In Public Sector

In today’s era, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a groundbreaking technology that plays a vital role in shaping societies and revolutionizing various sectors. Many democratic countries are currently exposed to a variety of false information spread through social media. In politics, disinformation is often associated with the efforts of a particular movement or party to mobilize supporters against the moral order. The spread of disinformation causes the emergence of legitimacy problems in many democratic countries. Citizen confidence in the credibility of official information in the news started to decline and shifts to alternative sources of information such as social media. Several countries that adhere to a democratic system make various efforts to fight the phenomenon of disinformation. The origins of the problems research want to examine the use of AI technology as an effort to overcome the spread of disinformation on social media. Furthermore, this research examines the challenges posed by AI disinformation and highlights several measures that democratic governments should adopt to mitigate its impacts. In summary, prioritizing the fight against disinformation in democratic countries is imperative to safeguard the integrity of democratic processes, enhance societal resilience, and foster an informed citizenry capable of making critical decisions for the collective benefit of the nation.

Electoral districts’ distribution in Jordan: Political geographical analysis

This study attempts to reveal the impact of distribution inequality of electoral districts on the election outcomes in Jordan. Since 1993 elections, electoral laws and regulations have been adopted that underestimate population density in Jordan, meaning that some regions with lower population densities have obtained more parliamentary seats than regions with high population density, including the governorates of Amman, Irbid and Zarqa. Successive Jordanian governments’ strategies have intentionally ignored electoral geography, which reduces the chances of mainly the Palestinian component obtaining significant numbers of seats in the Parliament. Governments have also sought to mitigate the chances of Islamic, Leftist and Nationalist parties obtaining a majority of seats in the Parliament, and thus being able to exert effective pressure to hold the executive authority accountable and responsible for its actions. In addition, low levels of confidence of most Jordanian citizens in Parliament have resulted in a lack of true desire to vote, which has led to an increase in the percentage of wasted votes compared with the cast votes. The study concludes that the executive authority's domination in drawing and dividing electoral districts as part of its hegemony and control over the general policy of elections has purposefully neglected population density and geographical criteria. In light of the study results, an urgent need arises to endorse an election law that accomplishes the standards of distributive justice, maximizes the role of supportive and opposition parties, raises citizen confidence in Parliaments, reduces the percentage of wasted votes and finally activates a truly representative Parliament.

Организационно-правовые основы повышения явки электората

Introduction. The paper discusses some problematic aspects of the elections, which entail a low turnout of the electorate. The data analysis of the voter turnout in 2021 is carried out, and the peculiarities of implementing the electoral right in the conditions of the digital transformation of society and the system of remote electronic voting are investigated. The purpose is to analyze the problematic aspects of the procedure for the elections and propose ways to improve the electoral legislation and law enforcement practice. Materials and methods. The authors have studied the social relations that develop in the process of organizing and conducting elections using the statistical data of the non-governmental analytical organization “Levada-Center” (recognized as a foreign agent). The methodological framework for the research comprises the general scientific and special methods of cognition: dialectical, comparative legal, formal logical (analysis and synthesis), as well as the statistical method. Results. The circumstances contributing to an increase in the electorate’s turnout, as well as increasing the confidence of citizens in remote electronic voting, are identified. Discussion and conclusion. Some scientific and methodological recommendations for improving the organizational and legal fundamentals in the field of constitutional law implementation are proposed.

Political Trust and American Public Support for Free Trade.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11109-023-09858-x.

Pan-European regimes: A pathway to mitigate lack of trust and complexity in insurance

Over past years the insurance market has pursued a consistent and integrated approach in order to address well-known problems such as the overall complexity of insurance products, the lack of consumer confidence and, consequently, the detachment from, and reduced feeling of loyalty towards, insurers. Regulators across different sectors globally are turning to increasingly innovative approaches to disclosure and have placed greater focus on regulating product design. Yet, in the area of EU insurance services regulation, these approaches have not been implemented effectively. Most insurance products remain highly complex for average EU consumers. Hence, it is time to reflect the digital zeitgeist in EU disclosure and distribution rules, and to achieve the maximum level of consumer protection and facilitate the single market in the digital world. Consumer-centric product design, digital distribution and disclosures will help meet consumers' expectations, facilitate understanding of the financial market and support a sufficiently high and consistent level of consumer protection throughout Europe. A regulatory Pan-European regime has the potential to cut through regulatory challenges and build trust in cross-border financial services, contributing to the Capital Market Union objectives. It facilitates the use of digitalisation and provides a strong basis for supervision, which will foster trust and confidence in European citizens. European coordination will allow the EU to compete at international level, and enable European consumers to reap the benefits of the single market.

EFFECT IN TIME OF THE LEGAL NORMS REGULATING MECHANISMS FOR PROTECTING THE RIGHTS OF SHARED-EQUITY CONSTRUCTION PARTICIPANTS IN THE BANKRUPTCY PROCEDURE OF THE PROJECT-DEVELOPER

Abstract: in order to maintain the confidence of citizens in the law, the legislator should strive to ensure the preservation of stable legal regulation inadmissibility of making arbitrary changes to the current legal system. This issue has been repeatedly indicated in the positions of The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation with an indication of the need to provide citizens with the opportunity (in particular, by establishing temporary regulation) during some transitional period to adapt to the changes being made. In the frame of present article the author analyzes the provisions of the bankruptcy legislation on the insolvency procedure of the project-developer. In recent years, it has been characterized by a special dynamism of development due to the constant search for the most effective way to protect rights of the shared-equity construction participants. The presented analysis of changes in the bankruptcy legislation in terms of protecting the rights of construction participants, especially legal entities, evidences that these actors obviously did not have the opportunity to adapt to the changes taking place, concerning not only the actual legal regulation of protective mechanisms, but also the order of their application to certain legal relations.

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИОННАЯ ПОЛИТИКА В ЗЕРКАЛЕ ФИНАНСОВОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РФ

The article, based on an analysis of the state and peculiarities of financial behavior of citizens of the Russian Federation, attempted to determine the degree of influence on these processes of the state information policy and propose some legislative initiatives that can positively affect the level of confidence of citizens in the financial system. The analysis made it possible to conclude that the population of Russia as a whole adheres to conservative and restrained financial strategies. The authors attribute to the main reasons for this phenomenon the insufficient development of the financial services market in the field of working with private investors, due to the lack of financial consulting institutions. To improve the efficiency of regulation of financial behavior, as well as to stabilize it, the work proposed legislative initiatives aimed at creating a trusting environment in the state, increasing the interest and awareness of the population about various financial instruments, as well as increasing the level of rational financial activity of the population and preventing risky behavior of citizens.

Роль нейминга в здравоохранении. От психиатрической больницы к центру психического здоровья

An urgent issue today is to increase the confidence of citizens in the healthcare system. Moreover, the issue of trust is of particular importance in the provision of psychiatric care, due to the high level of stigmatization of this area of medicine. The purpose of the study was to assess the significance for patients of the names of medical organizations in the profile of «psychiatry». Materials and methods. In 2021 Kirov Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital named after Academician V.M. Bekhterev changed its name and became the Center for Psychiatry and Mental Health Academician V.M. Bekhterev. A survey was conducted of 216 patients who applied or are undergoing treatment at the Center of Psychiatry and Mental Health named after Academician V.M. Bekhterev, using a specially designed questionnaire consisting of 24 questions. The results obtained were statistically processed. Results. A large proportion of the respondents had one or another mental disorder, and more than half are worried because of this, to one degree or another. One-fifth of the respondents indicate that their rights were violated due to their mental disorders. All this points to the problems that exist to this day associated with the stigmatization of patients with mental disorders, as well as the stigmatization of the psychiatric service itself. 43% of respondents noted that the name of a medical organization has an impact on their trust in a medical organization. The patients surveyed gave the highest rating to the name «Mental Health Center». Conclusions. Thus, the name of a medical organization directly affects the trust of patients in it. In addition, the name also affects the subjective assessment of the quality of medical care provided in a medical organization.

Blockchain Technology for e-Government

Abstract: Information and communication technologies are used by e-Government to deliver governmental services to people and companies instantly, effectively, and efficiently. The majority of current e-government systems are centrally located on redundant servers and databases that may have single points of failure, rendering the systems susceptible to cyber-attacks. Blockchain technology makes it possible to build a decentralised, incredibly secure system without the need for a central authority to monitor transactions. Blockchain technology, which encrypts data and distributes it over the network, improves information security and privacy and gives governments new chances to increase transparency, stop fraud, and foster citizen confidence. In this paper, we primarily cover the overview of blockchain technology, architecture of blockchain, consensus models and the blockchain use cases in e-Government

Abstaining from the Iraqi Parliamentary Elections: A Case Study of 2018 and 2021 Elections

The reluctance to attend the parliamentary elections in Iraq is one of the most important issues facing the democratic system since the change of the political system in Iraq in 2003. Electoral benefits، including the parliamentary elections 2018 and the 2021 parliamentary elections، and in order to enhance political participation and try to avoid the crisis and study the reasons for reluctance (political، economic، and social)، there must be a set of means that help activate political participation as a necessity to ensure the provision of the basic requirements and needs of citizens and enable them to contribute to the election and deepen the practice Democracy by respecting the opinion of the citizen، raising the level of political awareness، and enhancing the citizen's confidence in the importance of his participation، which allows the individual a degree of readiness to participate in public life.