Ciherang Variety Research Articles

Rice Lines (Oriza sativa L.) Selection on Some Agronomic Characters

Most of the Indonesian population uses rice as main source of carbohydrates. The need for rice increases every year, but rice production and rice harvest area decreases every year. One way to overcome this problem is using new variety that has high productivity. This research aims to determine the agronomic characters that can be used as character selection and to select the best lines based on the character selection. The research was conducted at the Seed Teaching Farm Field of Seed Technology Study Program, Politeknik Negeri Lampung in August - December 2020. The treatment design was arranged in randomized complete block design with 1 factor (line), 3 blocks, and 3 replications. The treatments tested were 6 lines of rice plants assembled by Politeknik Negeri Lampung, namely B1, B2, B3, B4, K, L2 lines with 2 comparison varieties Ciherang and Gilirang. The characters observed were plant height, total number of tillers, number of productive tillers, flowering age and harvest age. The data from the observations were processed with SAS software and the analysis of real variance was continued by using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with an error rate of 5%. The results of this research indicate that the characters of the total number of tillers and the number of productive tillers can be used as a selection character and the lines that have superior characters are the K and L2 lines.Keywords: Rice Lines, Agronomic Character, Selection

Maximizing the Rice Yield (Oryza Sativa L.) using NPK Fertilizer

Background: Rice has become a primary daily necessity for mostly Indonesian population. The upsurge of national rice production can be done by agricultural intensification through the application of NPK fertilizer. Objective: This study aimed to determine the optimum dose of NPK Mutiara fertilizer, which could provide the highest rice yield of Ciherang variety in Alluvial soil. Methods: This study was a single factor arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The NPK Mutiara fertilizer treatment consisted of four doses, i.e., 0, 160, 320, and 480 kg ha‾1. The data observations were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance levels. The difference between the averages of the treatment was compared using Duncan′s new multiple range test (DMRT) at 5% significance levels. Results: The results of the research showed that the application of NPK Mutiara fertilizer could increase the growth and yield of the Ciherang variety in Alluvial soil. The quadratic regression analysis revealed that the optimum dose of NPK Mutiata was obtained at 656 kg ha‾1 with the maximum grains dry weight of 4.26 tons ha‾1. The application of NPK Mutiara fertilizer could not affect the shoot root ratio and panicle length. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that the application of NPK fertilizer interval has not reached the optimum dose in Alluvial soils for the Ciherang variety. Therefore, application of NPK Mutiara fertilizer with doses higher than 480 kg ha‾1 is required for alluvial soils.

RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PADI (Oriza sativa L.) VARIETAS INPARI 42, CIHERANG DAN MEKONGGA TERHADAP BERBAGAI METODE TANAM JAJAR LEGOWO

This study aims to determine: (1) The response to growth and yield of rice in Inpari 42, Ciherang and Mekongga varieties to various planting methods of Jajar Legowo, and (2) Varieties and planting methods of legowo row which have a good effect on rice growth and yield. The research was carried out in a rice field area belonging to the UPTD of the Food and Agriculture Security Service in Cirahayu Village, Luragung District, Kuningan Regency, from April to June 2020. The method used in this study was an experimental method, using a randomized block design (RBD), which consisted of 15 treatments of combination of rice varieties and the legowo row planting method and was repeated three times. To determine the effect of the treatments tested, analysis of variance was used through the F test, with further tests using Scott Knott's Cluster Test at the 5 percent real level. The results showed that: (1) The treatment of three rice varieties on various planting methods had significant effects on the growth and yield of rice plants. The 2 : 1 legowo row planting method on three rice varieties affected the plant height of harvested dry grain and milled dry grain per plot, while the 4 : 1 legowo row planting method in three rice varieties had an effect on the number of tillers per hill, the number of productive tillers per hill, leaf area index, number of panicles per clump, number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, weight of 1000 grains of grain. The Ciherang variety has a good effect on the weight of 1000 grain grains, while the Inpari 42 variety has a good effect on the yield of dry grain harvested and the yield of milled dry grain per plot, and (2) the combination of Inpari 42 variety with the 2: 1 legowo row planting method gives good effect on yields of harvested dry unhulled rice and yields of milled dry unhulled rice per plot, which is 9.27 kg or equivalent to 10.30 tons of dry unhulled rice per hectare, and 7.81 kg of dry unhulled rice per plot or equivalent to 8.68 tons of unhulled rice dry milled oer acres.

Implementation of Eco-friendly Technologies to Control Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice Disease (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae)

Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) of rice (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) is one of the major diseases of rice which can cause 10-95% yield losses. One of the environmentally friendly control efforts is the implementation of a rice cultivation technology package using the Paenibacillus polymyxa as biological agens. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the technology package with the use of Paenibacillus polymyxa for controlling BLB disease and increasing production also profit analysis of farming. The research was conducted on 4 ha of rainfed rice fields in Malingping District, Lebak Regency, Banten Province, Indonesia. The environmental design used Nested Block Design with the three treatments:, an environmentally friendly control technology package (Paenibacillus polymyxa), a chemical control technology package (active ingredient methyl thiofanate), and farmers’ existing technology (pesticide mixture). Each treatment consisted of 2 varieties, Ciherang and Inpari 33, with 6 replications. The results showed that the application of environmentally friendly technology packages in the Ciherang variety was able to reduce the intensity of damage by 40.91% greater than the application of pesticides by farmers with an increase in production of 8.31-12.00%. The difference in the profits of farming was 10.52-22.85%.

The agronomy performance and resistance to brown planthopper on superior rice varieties in bali province, indonesia

Research was conducted in Subak Guama, Selanbawak Village, Marga District, Tabanan Regency from January up to April 2017 and Subak Dlod Sema, Sading Village, Mengwi District, Badung Regency from January up to May 2017. This study aims to understand the growth, productivity and resistance to brown planthopper pest in superior rice varieties cultivated in Bali Province, Indonesia to substitute Ciherang variety utilization. Research were arranged by using Randomized Block Design with some superior rice varieties as treatment namely Inpari 30 and Inpari 40 for research in Tabanan Regency. And also, Inpari 16, Inpari 24, Inpari 28, Inpari 30, Towuti and Situ Bagendit for research in Badung Regency. Meanwhile, Cigeulis and Ciherang were utilized as comparison. Each of treatments were replicated for 5 times. Variable observed consisted of performance of agronomy and productivity namely plant height, number of tillers, number of grains per panicle, 1000 grains weight and yield. Besides that, resistance to brown planthopper pest also observed by evaluation of damage per plant caused by brown planthopper with using six scale standard of scoring. Results showed that Inpari 40, Inpari 28 and Situ Bagendit were resistant to pest of brown plathopper according to their percentage damage were 1%; 9% and 1% with scoring rate were 1; 3 and 1 respectively. Inpari 40 and Inpari 30 can be considered as candidate to substitute Ciherang according to their agronomy performance and productivity in Bali Province were closest similar to Ciherang variety meanwhile Inpari 40 was most suitable to substitute Ciherang variety according to its agronomy performance, productivity and resistance to pest of brown planthopper.

Primary Macro Nutrient Content, Root Growth, and Crop Growth Analysis of Local Rice Varieties with Intermittent and Continuous Flooding Irrigation

An Intermittent irrigation method of rice cultivation aims to reduce water requirements. In Indonesia local rice varieties have the potential to produce high-yielding rice with the itermittent irrigation method to meet food needs in Indonesia. The study about Nutrient uptake, root development, and crop growth analysis of several local rice varieties with intermittent irrigation method aims to determine the suitability of intermittent and continuous flooding irrigation techniques on local rice varieties and to study the response of various local rice varieties to the Nutrient uptake, root development, and crop growth analysis. The research has been conducted on the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. The method used was the experimental method carried out with field research with an 4 x 2 factorial design of the treatment arranged in a Randomized Completely Block Design with 3 replications. The first factor was rice varieties which consist of 4 varieties, i.e. Rojolele, Pandanwangi, Mentik Wangi, and Ciherang. The second factor was the method of irrigation consisting of 2 kinds, i.e. intermittent irrigation and continuous flooding. Data was analysed with analysis of variance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at α=5%. The results showed that rice varieties had different responses to macro nutrient uptake. The number of productive tillers of the Cianjur, Rojolele genjah, and Ciherang varieties is greater than the Mentikwangi variety, while the total number of tillers of the Rojolele variety is even greater than the Mentikwangi variety. SRI irrigation can increase the harvest index, whereas conventional irrigation has a higher Crop Growth Rate than SRI irrigation.

Analisis Pendapatan Dan Efisiensi Usahatani Padi Varietas Ciherang (Studi Kasus pada Kelompok Tani Wargi Saluyu di Desa Ciparay, Kecamatan Ciparay, Kabupaten Bandung)

This research was conducted to analyze the level of income and efficiency of rice farming in the Wargi Saluyu farmer group, Ciparay Village. The rice varieties that are the focus of this research are the Ciherang variety. The method used in this research is the case study method. With the concept of farming and farm acceptance and income. So this research uses income analysis and R / C ratio analysis (Return Ana Cost Ratio), namely the comparison analysis and farm acceptance. The data used in the study were obtained from direct interviews with farmers who are members of the Wargi Saluyu farmer group in Ciparay Village and added with other supporting data that can support from literature and literature studies. The results of this study indicate the Ciherang variety rice farming in Ciparay Village, Ciparay District, Bandung Regency has a total cost of IDR 17,379,500.00 per hectare and revenue of IDR 34,742,000.00 per hectare which generates an income of IDR 17,362,500.00 per hectare. in one growing season. And the R / C ratio of Ciherang variety rice farming in Ciparay Village, Ciparay District, Bandung Regency is 1.9, which means that ciherang variety of rice farming in Ciparay Village, Ciparay District, Bandung Regency is profitable or feasible to be cultivated

The Identification of Rice Varieties Used in Central Sulawesi

Central Sulawesi’s rice productivity in 2019 was lower compared to that in 2018. One of the problems for the low productivity of paddy in Central Sulawesi is the application of low quality of seeds. Ministry of Agriculture through Central Sulawesi AIAT has introduced a numbers of new high yielding varieties (HYV) to increase rice production and productivity. To support the dissemination of new HYV, it is important to study the rice varieties that mostly used by farmers in Central Sulawesi. The objectives of this study are to identify the rice varieties and the preferred characteristics of rice varieties that farmers usually used in Central Sulawesi. This study used primary and secondary data. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in tables and graphs. The results show that most farmers in Central Sulawesi use Mekongga, Ciherang, and Cisantana varieties, and local varieties such as Peluncur, Dewi, Ntabone and others. Farmers generally prefer varieties which tend to produce higher yields and resistant to pests and diseases. To maintain the availability of the varieties in Central Sulawesi, it is important to train farmers to become breeders.

Strength assessment of rice hills from different planting distance by loading simulation

Plant spacing arrangement might benefit hill strength from the impact of strong wind velocity during extreme weather situations. Here, a loading test to evaluate rice hill strength was performed on Ciherang variety grown in square and double row spacing 2:1. The research was conducted at Cilubang village, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia from March to May 2017. Weight holding capacity was evaluated in 85 days after transplanting on four levels of hill height, i.e., 80 cm, 60 cm, 40 cm, and 20 cm above soil level with three-time replication. The results showed that double-spaced hills had 66.0 % ± 3.1 % stronger than those of square spacing at all height measurement. To lodge a hill into 20 cm to 40 cm from soil level, it required 346.7 g to 741.7 g in square spacing, and 555.2 g to 1149.2 g in double row spacing. Stronger hills in double row spacing seemed to correlate with a higher number of tiller and hills architecture; it requires further study in the role of both factors on the hill strength improvement. The present study recommends applying double row spacing to improve rice hill strength especially at a time with a high chance of lodging by strong wind incident.

Ketahanan padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas IPB 3S terhadap wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) merupakan hama utama yang menyebabkan kerusakan dalam waktu singkat pada tanaman padi. Penanaman varietas padi tahan dapat digunakan untuk menekan serangan WBC. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memelajari ketahanan varietas IPB 3S melalui pengujian keperidian, nisbah kelamin, aktivitas makan, dan peningkatan populasi menggunakan pembanding varietas Ciherang terhadap wereng batang cokelat (N. lugens). Pengujian keperidian menggunakan sepasang imago WBC diinfestasikan pada padi berumur 21 hari setelah tanam (HST). Telur yang diletakkan maupun tidak diletakkan pada pelepah padi dihitung. Perbandingan nisbah kelamin dilakukan menggunakan sepasang imago WBC yang diinfestasikan pada padi berumur 30 HST dan dibiarkan bertelur kemudian membandingkan jumlah imago jantan dan betina. Untuk aktivitas makan WBC, pengujian dilakukan menggunakan sepuluh nimfa instar empat yang diinfestasikan pada padi berumur 30 HST. Ekskresi WBC berupa embun madu yang tertampung pada kertas saring yang sebelumnya telah disemprot ninhidrin selanjutnya dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan spektrofotometer. Peningkatan populasi dilakukan dengan menginfestasikan lima pasang imago WBC pada tanaman padi berumur 35 HST. Pengamatan dilakukan pada fase nimfa dan imago yang dilakukan selama empat generasi. Setiap pengujian diulang 10 kali. Secara umum, varietas IPB 3S memiliki ketahanan terhadap WBC jika dibandingkan dengan varietas Ciherang. Hal ini terutama terlihat dari kemampuan makan WBC yang lebih tinggi pada varietas Ciherang dibandingkan pada IPB 3S. Keperidian dan peningkatan populasi WBC pada kedua varietas adalah sama.

Role of formula and rice varieties on the characteristics of rice-based spring roll wrappers

The used formula in food processing could affect the product characteristics, including on rice-based spring roll wrappers. This research was aimed to find out an appropriate formula to get cohesive and firm mass by using four kinds of rice-based formulas on two different varieties of rice. Mentik Wangi and Ciherang varieties were used as the two preferred local rice varieties. The research used the randomized block design of nested experiment. The ingredients used for each formulation were rice flour and water (F1); rice flour, tapioca starch and water (F2); rice flour, egg white albumin and water (F3) and rice flour, tapioca starch, egg white albumin and water (F4). The weakness of rice flour is the difficulty to form cohesive mass and firm network because of its lack of gluten. The combination of egg white albumin and tapioca starch along with sufficient mechanical energy intended to carry out viscosity increasing and create an appropriate texture. The study indicated that best formula was F4 from both of Mentik Wangi and Ciherang varieties which produced cohesive and firm mass. There was no significant difference between the two rice varieties (P > 0.05). The characteristics of rice-based spring roll wrapper from Mentik Wangi and Ciherang varieties were; firmness: 0.5532±0.0051 N and 0.8131±0.0057 N; elongation at break: 15.98±0.47% and 16.28±0.29% and moisture retention capacity: 38.29±0.12% and 42.60±0.29% respectively.

Determination of rice expiration time based on microbiological contaminant

Information on expiration time of rice on packaging labels is needed to provide quality assurance to consumers. The research aimed to find out the expiration time of rice from the microbiological aspect of rice. Rice samples used was Ciherang varieties. Rice was packed using 3 types of packaging, sacks, non-vacuum plastic and vacuum plastic. Rice was stored in two different places, air-conditioned rooms and room temperature. The results showed that mold and yeast contamination in Ciherang Rice up to 8 months’ storage are still below the required standard.

Pengaruh Cara Pengeringan Gabah terhadap Mutu Fisik, Fisikokimia, dan Organoleptik Beras Varietas Unggul Padi

Rice grain drying using sun radiation has its problem during the rainy season, due to low radiation intensity. Box dryer using gas as its source of energy had been developed to overcome the problem during the rainy season. This research was aimed to study the effect of drying methods on physical, physicochemical, and organoleptic quality of some improved rice varieties. Seed of five rice varieties, namely Ciherang, Inpari 30, Inpari 32 (white grain rice), Inpari 24 and Inpago 7 (red grain rice), were planted at Sukamandi Research Station, Indonesian Center for Rice Research, following the Integrated Crop Management approach. The rice crops were harvested when the grain had ripen optimally, threshed using a threshing machine and the grains were dried using a box type dryer and using the sun radiation. The milled rice was analyzed for their physical, physicochemical, and organoleptic quality. Results showed that the differences of drying methods, namely sun-drying and box drying, affected the physical quality of rice grain. Box dryer for Ciherang variety yielded higher percentage of unpolished milled rice and the head grain rice was slightly higher than that of sun-drying. However, drying methods did not affect the physicochemical and organoleptic quality of the cooked rice. Box dryer is considered suitable for rice grain drying during the rainy season.

Growth and yield of new hybrid rice in irrigated and rain-fed lowlands

Two experiments were conducted at (i) irrigated lowland, village of Bojong, Cikembar, Sukabumi Sub-district, Indonesia, from November 2011 to February 2012, and (ii) rain-fed lowland, village of Sanca, Gantar sub-district, Indramayu, Indonesia, from April to July 2012. The objective of the experiment was to determine the yield of drought-tolerant hybrid rice genotypes. A randomized block design with three replications was used. The treatment consisted of 8 hybrid rice genotypes (BI485A/BP3, BI485A/BP5, BI485A/BP10, BI485A/BP12, BI485A/BP15, BI599A/BP5, BI599A/BP15 and BI665A/BP6) and 2 check varieties (Hipa 7 and Ciherang) for the experiment in irrigated lowland, 4 hybrid genotypes (BI485A/BP3, BI485A/BP12, BI485A/BP15 and BI599A/BP15) and 3 check varieties (Hipa 7, IR64 and Limboto) for the experiment in rain-fed lowland. On irrigated lowland, all tested-genotypes produced grain yield per hectare, which was not significantly different from the check varieties Ciherang and HIPA 7. The yield of genotype BI485A/BP12, BI485A/BP15 and BI559A/BP15 under irrigated lowland showed non-significant different with check varieties Ciherang and Hipa 7, i.e 5.63, 6.87, and 6.30 tons ha-1, respectively. Genotype BI599A/BP15 under severe drought rain-fed lowland yielded 0.90 tons of grain ha-1, whereas Hipa 7 (hybrid variety, suitable for rain-fed lowland) and Limboto (drought-tolerant check variety) reached 0.34 and 0.29 tons ha-1, respectively. Genotype BI599A/BP15 is a new hybrid genotype that potential for advanced development in rain-fed lowland and in irrigated lowland with a high yield potential and quiet early-maturity age.

Molecular Detections and Resistance Response of Six Rice Varieties to Tungroviruses from South Sulawesi

The suspected rice virus is found in the field, namely the tungrovirus which is transmitted by green leafhoppers (Nephotettix virescens). The study aimed to detect the tungrovirus molecularly and examine the resistance response of six rice varieties from the transmission of tungrovirus samples from South Sulawesi on a greenhouse scale. Based on the results of molecular detection with RTSV PCR of the double infected sample with DNA bands 1115 bp and RTBV of around 430 bp, Sidrap, and Maros samples were infected by 430 bp size RTBV, while Wajo sample was not detected by both viruses. The results of RTBV sequence analysis showed that the grouping of Sidrap was still one group with Maros and Pinrang samples and different from the group of samples from Malaysia, Thailand, and Philippines. While the grouping of RTSV shows that Pinrang samples are still one group with samples from Bali, Subang, and different from those of the Philippines, India, and Malaysia. The results of transmission in the greenhouse on six rice varieties (TN1, Ciherang, Mekongga, Tukad Unda, Inpari 36, Inpari 37) showed different plant resistance responses such as susceptible, moderately resistant, and resistant reactions based on the amount of disease intensity caused. Varieties that are classified as susceptible are TN1 and Ciherang varieties, moderately resistant, namely Mekongga and Tukad Unda varieties, and resistant varieties namely Inpari 36 and Inpari 37 varieties.

Application of Rice Root Endophytic Bacteria in Ciherang Variety Rice (Oryza sativa) Seeds

Endophytic bacteria are microorganisms that thrive in plant tissue without causing any negative effects to the host plants. The purpose of this study was to apply endophytic bacteria that have the potential to produce IAA hormones as biological agents in rice seeds. This research was conducted by testing IAA hormone using a spectrophotometer, testing HCN production using filter paper, biochemically identification of the isolate, and applicating endophytic bacteria into rice seeds. Endophytic bacteria have different abilities in producing IAA hormone. Based on the results of the study, the highest IAA concentration (57 ppm) was obtained from KSB1 (Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria) isolates and followed by KSB3 isolate with 56 ppm. All the endophytic bacteria isolates were unable to produce HCN. Results of the study showed that KSB1 and KSB3 isolate were able to influence the growth of root length by 5.62 cm and 6.70 respectively as well as the canopy height by 8.56 cm and 8.30 cm respectively. Based on observations of colony morphology, cell morphology and biochemical tests, KSB1 was presumably belong to the genus Staphylococcus. In this study, new information about endophytic bacteria that can increase the growth of Ciherang variety rice can be obtained. This study provides information that the application of environmentally friendly bacteria is important to preserve the environment and agriculture sustainability in Indonesia without reducing the productivity of rice.

Secondary Macronutrients Up-Take, Root Development, and Chlorophyll Content of Local Rice Varieties Grown under System of Rice Intensification (SRI) vs. Conventional Methods

A System of Rice Intensification (SRI) create optimal conditions with transplanting widely spaced young single seedlings, organic fertilizer amendment, and water management. In Indonesia the water for irrigating rice is limited, especially in the dry season. An Intermittent irrigation method of rice cultivation aims to reduce water requirements. In Indonesia local rice varieties have the potential to produce high-yielding rice with the intermittent irrigation method to meet food needs. The study aims to determine the suitability of SRI and conventional irrigation techniques on local rice varieties. The research conducted the field experimental with 4 x 2 factorial design, arranged in a Randomized Completely Block Design with three replications. The first factor was rice varieties, which consisted of 4 varieties, i.e., Rojolele, Cianjur, Mentikwangi and Ciherang. The second factor was the method of irrigation consisting of two kinds, i.e., intermittent irrigation and continuous flooding. Analysis of variance and Duncan's Multiple Range Test at α=5% was used. The results showed that rice variety and irrigation were significantly interacts to the secondary macronutrient absorption and root development. Rojolele with SRI irrigation has higher secondary macronutrient absorption than the Cianjur and Mentikwangi. Calcium nutrient absorption of Rojolele and Ciherang with SRI irrigation was higher than other varieties, whereas Magnesium nutrient absorption of Rojolele with SRI irrigation was higher than Ciherang, Cianjur, and Mentikwangi. Rojolele with SRI irrigation had higher Sulfur nutrient absorption than Cianjur and Mentikwangi. In Rojolele and Ciherang, intermittent irrigation SRI produced longer roots at harvest and more wide root surface area than conventional irrigation, but on Mentikwangi, conventional irrigation produced longer roots and more wide root surface area than intermittent SRI irrigation. The chlorophyll b content of the Cianjur and Mentikwangi were greater than Rojolele. The yield of Cianjur was higher than Ciherang's variety.

Biologi dan statistik demografi kutudaun Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale (Sasaki) dan Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (Sasaki) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) di akar padi

Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale (Sasaki) dan Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (Sasaki) merupakan spesies kutudaun yang ditemukan hidup di akar tanaman padi. Informasi tentang kisaran inang dan biologi R. rufiabdominale relatif lebih banyak diketahui dibandingkan dengan T. nigriabdominalis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui biologi dan statistik demografi kutudaun R. rufiabdominalis dan T. nigriabdominalis yang hidup di akar tanaman padi. Kutudaun yang diperoleh dari akar padi sawah di Leuwiliang, Kabupaten Bogor dipelihara dan diperbanyak pada akar padi varietas Ciherang di laboratorium. Setiap nimfa instar satu kutudaun cohort yang sama diinfestasikan ke akar padi di dalam 60 wadah plastik untuk pengamatan biologi dan peubah statistik demografi. Peluang hidup (lx), keperidian harian (mx), dan rata-rata jumlah nimfa kutudaun yang dilahirkan oleh imago setiap harinya pada umur (x) digunakan untuk menghitung parameter statistik demografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua spesies kutudaun tersebut masing-masing memiliki 4 stadia nimfa. Siklus hidup dan lama hidup R. rufiabdominale ialah 4,98 hari dan 15,94 hari dengan keperidian 67,44; Sedangkan siklus hidup dan lama hidup T. nigriabdominalis ialah 5,25 hari dan 18,11 hari dengan keperidian 11,11. Kutu daun R. rufiabdominale memiliki tingkat pertumbuhan intrinsik (r) 0,46 hari dan waktu berlipat ganda (DT) 1,50 hari; Sedangkan T. nigriabdominalis memiliki tingkat pertumbuhan intrinsik 0,14 hari dan waktu berlipat ganda 4,99 hari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun lama siklus hidup kedua spesies kutudaun hampir sama, namun populasi R. rufiabdominale berkembang 3,5 kali lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan T. nigriabdominalis dan oleh karenanya berpotensi menjadi hama penting pada tanaman padi.

Characteristics of Soil Fertility Affecting the Rice Fields Productivity in Bogor Regency

The purpose of this study was to determine the parameters of soil fertility in rice fields and the effect of soil fertility on paddy productivity in Bogor Regency. This research was conducted in the districts of Cileungsi, Darmaga and Leuwiliang, Bogor Regency. The location selection was done deliberately based on the location of rice production facilities with Ciherang and Inpari varieties. Sampling was conducted at several sampling points at each location. Each sub-district was taken 8 samples or 24 in total, then analyzed in the laboratory. Data processing using multiple regression with a dummy. The results showed that the soil in Bogor Regency was generally acidic, where soil fertility characteristics with organic C content were low to moderate, nitrogen was very low to moderate, P was low to high, K was very low to moderate, CEC was moderate to high, and saturation bases (KB) are moderate to high. Soil biology, namely total bacteria, total fungi, total solvent P bacteria, Azotobacter sp., And Rhizobium sp. Are generally low to moderate. Variable characteristics of soil fertility in the form of organic C, Nitrogen (N), K2O HCl 25%, and CEC significantly influence rice productivity. Soil fertility in the three districts is almost the same and does not affect the productivity of rice fields. While the productivity of rice fields with Inpari varieties is higher than those grown by Ciherang varieties. To increase the productivity of rice fields in Bogor Regency, it is recommended to plant Inpari variety rice by applying N fertilizer

KAJIAN MACAM JARAK TANAM SISTEM JAJAR LEGOWO DAN VARIETAS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN PADI (Oryza Sativa L.)

Rice is a rice-producing food crop which now plays an important role in economic life in Indonesia. Namely rice as a staple food is very difficult to replace by other staples. Among them are corn, tubers, sago and other carbohydrate sources. So that the existence of rice is now a top priority for the community in meeting the needs of carbohydrate intake that can be filling and is a source of primary carbohydrates that are easily replaced into an energy source. Rice as a staple food is consumed by approximately 90% of the total population in Indonesia for daily essential food (Saragih,2001). How to plant with the jajar legowo system has the advantage that the plants are on the edge so that optimal sunshine can cause plant productivity to be high, facilitate weed control and pests / diseases, use of fertilizer more effectively and the availability of empty space for regulating water channel circulation on land (Sirrapa, 2011). This research was conducted using Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) method, which consisted of two factors and each factor consisting of 3 levels repeated 3 times, namely: J1: Conventional,J2: Jajar Legowo 2: 1,J3: Jajar Legowo 4: 1. Factor II: Varieties with 3 levels, V1: Situ Bagendit, V2: Ciherang,V3: IR-64. Of the two factors 9 combinations of treatments were obtained and repeated 3 times. Data obtained from observations were calculated by analysis of variance with the Fisher test (-F test at the level of 5% and 1%), if there were significant differences, it would be followed by the Smallest Significant Difference test (LSD 5%). The treatment of the legowo 4: 1 row system and the ciherang variety (V2J3) produces a better value than other treatments.