Chronic Mycosis Research Articles

Atypical presentation of sporotrichosis in an elderly patient

Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic mycosis caused by a thermodimorphic fungus of the genus Sporothrix. It is considered a cosmopolitan disease, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, and is endemic in Latin America. In Brazil, there are two modes of transmission to humans

Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Fungi Isolated from Patients with Otomycosis Attending a Tertiary Health Care Institution in Sokoto, Nigeria

Abstract Background: Antifungal therapy is an important component of patient management for acute and chronic mycoses. However, treatment choices are restricted because of the scanty number of antifungal drug classes. Medical treatment of otomycosis is further compromised by the emergence of antifungal drug resistance, and these limits available drug classes as treatment options. Once considered a rare occurrence, antifungal drug resistance is on the rise in many high-risk medical centers. Most concerning is the evolution of multidrug-resistant organisms refractory to several different classes of antifungal agents, especially among common Candida species. Aim: This study seeks to identify the fungal species implicated in otomycosis among patients attending a tertiary health-care institution in Sokoto, Nigeria and determine its susceptibility pattern using commonly used antifungal agents. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted on 100 patients with otitis externa. The ear discharge specimens were collected and analyzed using the standard microbial techniques. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined for 12 different antifungal by the standard disk diffusion method. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 25 and the P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: One hundred and twenty-four external ear discharge samples were collected from either right ear, left ear, or both ears (some patients has unilateral while others have bilateral disease and those with bilateral disease, samples were taken from the two ears). Aspergillus niger 30 (40.0%) was the most commonly isolated fungi in this study, followed by Candida spp. 25 (33.3%), Aspergillus fumigatus 5 (6.7%), Mucor 5 (6.7%), Penicillum 4 (5.3%), Aspergillus flavus 3 (4.0%), and Rhizopus 3 (4.0%) %). The isolated fungi were tested for antifungal sensitivity to 6 antifungal discs. A. niger shows good susceptibility to clotrimazole (100%), nystatin (90%), and fluconazole (83.3%) but was resistant to griseofulvin, terbinafine, and ketoconazole. A. flavus and A. fumigatus also show good sensitivity to clotrimazole, nystatin, and fluconazole. Candida albicans was only susceptible to clotrimazole but resistant to other tested antifungal disc. Rhizopus and Penicillum species showed 100.0% sensitivity to clotrimazole but also resistant to other tested antifungal discs. Conclusions: This study revealed that Aspergillus and Candida species were the most common fungal pathogens causing otomycosis. A. niger is the predominant fungal isolate. Molds isolates showed good susceptibility to clotrimazole, while highest resistance was to terbinafine and ketoconazole. Yeasts isolates showed highest susceptibility to clotrimazole and highest resistance to nystatin and fluconazole.

Potential Strategies to Control the Risk of Antifungal Resistance in Humans: A Comprehensive Review

Fungal infections are becoming one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in people with weakened immune systems. Mycoses are becoming more common, despite greater knowledge and better treatment methods, due to the regular emergence of resistance to the antifungal medications used in clinical settings. Antifungal therapy is the mainstay of patient management for acute and chronic mycoses. However, the limited availability of antifungal drug classes limits the range of available treatments. Additionally, several drawbacks to treating mycoses include unfavourable side effects, a limited activity spectrum, a paucity of targets, and fungal resistance, all of which continue to be significant issues in developing antifungal drugs. The emergence of antifungal drug resistance has eliminated accessible drug classes as treatment choices, which significantly compromises the clinical management of fungal illnesses. In some situations, the emergence of strains resistant to many antifungal medications is a major concern. Although new medications have been developed to address this issue, antifungal drug resistance has grown more pronounced, particularly in patients who need long-term care or are undergoing antifungal prophylaxis. Moreover, the mechanisms that cause resistance must be well understood, including modifications in drug target affinities and abundances, along with biofilms and efflux pumps that diminish intracellular drug levels, to find novel antifungal drugs and drug targets. In this review, different classes of antifungal agents, and their resistance mechanisms, have been discussed. The latter part of the review focuses on the strategies by which we can overcome this serious issue of antifungal resistance in humans.

Analysis of the synergistic antifungal activity of everolimus and antifungal drugs against dematiaceous fungi.

Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a form of chronic mycosis that affects the skin and mucous membranes and is caused by species of dematiaceous fungi including Exophiala spp., Phialophora spp., and Fonsecaea spp. The persistence of this disease and limitations associated with single-drug treatment have complicated efforts to adequately manage this condition. In this study, a microdilution assay was used to explore the synergistic antifungal activity of everolimus (EVL) in combination with itraconazole (ITC), voriconazole (VRC), posaconazole (POS), and amphotericin B (AMB) against a range of clinical dematiaceous fungal isolates. These analyses revealed that the EVL+POS and EVL+ITC exhibited superior in vitro synergistic efficacy, respectively inhibiting the growth of 64% (14/22) and 59% (13/22) of tested strains. In contrast, the growth of just 9% (2/22) of tested strains was inhibited by a combination of EVL+AMB, and no synergistic efficacy was observed for the combination of EVL+VRC. Overall, these findings indicate that EVL holds promise as a novel drug that can be synergistically combined with extant antifungal drugs to improve their efficacy, thereby aiding in the treatment of CBM.

Keratinocyte Response to Infection with Sporothrix schenckii.

Sporotrichosis is a subacute, or chronic mycosis caused by traumatic inoculation of material contaminated with the fungus Sporothrix schenckii which is part of the Sporothrix spp. complex. The infection is limited to the skin, although its progression to more severe systemic or disseminated forms remains possible. Skin is the tissue that comes into contact with Sporothrix first, and the role of various cell lines has been described with regard to infection control. However, there is little information on the response of keratinocytes. In this study, we used the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and evaluated different aspects of infection from modifications in the cytoskeleton to the expression of molecules of the innate response during infection with conidia and yeast cells of Sporothrix schenckii. We found that during infection with both phases of the fungus, alterations of the actin cytoskeleton, formation of membrane protuberances, and loss of stress fibers were induced. We also observed an overexpression of the surface receptors MR, TLR6, CR3 and TLR2. Cytokine analysis showed that both phases of the fungus induced the production of elevated levels of the chemokines MCP-1 and IL-8, and proinflammatory cytokines IFN-α, IFN-γ and IL-6. In contrast, TNF-α production was significant only with conidial infection. In late post-infection, cytokine production was observed with immunoregulatory activity, IL-10, and growth factors, G-CSF and GM-CSF. In conclusion, infection of keratinocytes with conidia and yeast cells of Sporothrix schenckii induces an inflammatory response and rearrangements of the cytoskeleton.

Микологический айсберг: современные сдвиги в эпидемиологии микозов

Infectious diseases caused by fungi (mycoses) are one of the significant problems of modern medicine Worldwide, more than 300 million people suffer from severe and chronic mycoses, 25 million patients are at risk of disability or death. Due to changes in treatment strategies and the wider use of antifungal prevention in recent years, the epidemiology of fungal infections has changed and has become particularly relevant due to a significant increase in cases of invasive mycoses. Deep, visceral mycoses, sometimes associated with HIV infection, oncohematological pathology, organ transplantation, nursing of newborns, have become more frequent, while the role of fungi that were previously considered apatogenic increases. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, risk factors for these infections continue to increase, and therefore it is likely that the incidence of fungal infections, including those associated as nosocomial, will increase in the coming years. The increasing role of fungi in the etiology of hospital infections, the introduction into clinical practice of a significant number of new drugs was inevitably accompanied by the formation of resistance of fungi to antimycotics. According to literature data, the rate of emergence of pathogenic fungi resistant to a limited number of widely used antifungal agents is unprecedented. Thus, in modern conditions associated with the increase in resistance of pathogenic fungi, the key measures should be aimed at developing optimal strategies for containing resistance to antifungal drugs. Key words: mycoses, fungal infections, antimycotics, resistance, risk factors, pandemic, COVID-19

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, pancytopenia, and systemic mycosis in a patient with STAT1 gene mutation ineffectively treated with ruxolitinib

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, pancytopenia, and systemic mycosis in a patient with STAT1 gene mutation ineffectively treated with ruxolitinib

Chromoblastomycosis Treatment With Combination Therapy of Itraconazole (Pulse Dose) and Cryotherapy

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic mycosis infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The lesson begins with a history of trauma characterized by slowly gradual growing nodule lesions, especially in the lower extremities. Management of chromoblastomycosis may be physical and non-physical and combination to achieve the best result. A 70-year-old male farmer came with a rough lump on his left leg in the past six years ago. Lesions were multiple-verrucous, varying sizes nodules on the left limb. Skin scraps examination showed copper penny appearance or Medlar bodies. Histopathological examination showed granulomatous inflammation and Medlar bodies. In fungi culture, we obtained Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Patients were treated with a combination of Itraconazole 400 mg/day for a week for three months (pulse dose) and serial cryosurgery once per week. The combination therapy gave clinical improvement and good results. The diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis is based on history, physical examination, histopathology, and culture. Predisposing factors are working in the fields in this case and being exposed to trauma such as soil and plants. Giving combination therapy with itraconazole and cryosurgery makes good results for this patient.

Ocular Sporotrichosis.

Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic mycosis predominant in tropical and subtropical regions. It is an infection of subcutaneous tissue caused by Sporothrix fungus species, but occasionally resulting in an extracutaneous condition, including osteoarticular, pulmonary, nervous central system, and ocular disease. Cases of ocular sporotrichosis are rare, but reports have been increasing in recent decades. Ocular infections usually occur in hyperendemic areas of sporotrichosis. For its classification, anatomic criteria are used. The clinical presentation is the infection in the ocular adnexal and intraocular infection. Ocular adnexa infections include palpebral, conjunctivitis, and infections of the lacrimal sac. Intraocular infection includes exogenous or endogenous endophthalmitis. Most infections in the ocular adnexal have been reported in Brazil, China and Peru, and intraocular infections are limited to the USA and Brazil. Diagnosis is performed from Sporothrix isolation in the mycological examination from ocular or skin samples. Both sporotrichosis in the ocular adnexa and intraocular infection can mimic several infectious and non-infectious medical conditions. Ocular adnexa infections are treated with potassium iodide and itraconazole. The intraocular infection is treated with amphotericin B. This review describes the clinical findings and epidemiological, diagnosis, and treatment of ocular sporotrichosis.

M2-Polarized Macrophages Determine Human Cutaneous Lesions in Lacaziosis.

Lacaziosis is a cutaneous chronic mycosis caused by Lacazia loboi. Macrophages are important cells in the host immune response in fungal infections. The macrophage population exhibits strong plasticity that varies according to the stimuli in the microenvironment of lesions M1 profile promotes a Th1 pattern of cytokines and a microbicidal function and M2 is related to Th2 cytokines and immunomodulatory response. We investigated the population of M1 and M2 polarized macrophages in human cutaneous lesions. A total of 27 biopsies from human lesions were submitted to an immunohistochemistry protocol using antibodies to detect M1 and M2 macrophages (Arginase-1, CD163, iNOS, RBP-J and cMAF). We could observe high number of cells expressing Arginase1, CD163 and c-MAF that correspond to elements of the M2 profile of macrophage, over iNOS and RBP-J (elements of the M1 profile). The results suggest a predominant phenotype of M2 macrophages, which have an immunomodulatory role and probably contributing to chronicity of Lacaziosis.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s11046-020-00450-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Chromoblastomycosis complicated with co-morbidities, curbed by cryotherapy: a case report

<p>Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic mycosis affecting skin and subcutaneous tissue. Treatment of chromoblastomycosis is challenging due to refractory nature of the condition and varied antifungal sensitivity of the organism. Though systemic antifungals are commonly used modality of treatment, there is no “gold standard” treatment. The array of treatment options include chemotherapy and physical methods (cryosurgery/ CO2 laser/superficial X-rays/ surgical excision), either alone or in combination. A 60 year old male farmer presented with history of congestive cardiac failure (CCF), presented with gradually increasing painful, reddish elevated skin lesions over right knee since 2 years. On examination, there was a well-defined solitary, tender plaque of size 2×3 cm with smooth surface, elevated peripheral margin. Blood investigations were within normal limits except for deranged LFT. Diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis was made based on KOH mount which revealed typical sclerotic bodies and histopathology which revealed neutrophilic abscesses, muriform cells, mixed granulomatous response. In view of his comorbidities like congestive cardiac failure and deranged liver function test, we couldn’t consider the possibility of systemic drugs like Itraconazole. So, he was treated only with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy on a weekly basis for 8 weeks. Marked improvement in lesion was observed after 8 sittings. In our case, due to cardiac complications and deranged liver function test we treated the patient with cryotherapy solely and achieved marked improvement in skin lesions. Cryotherapy alone serves as an effective treatment modality when systemic antifungals can’t be given.</p>

Chromomycosis: Case Reports of Exuberant Forms Including Carcinomatous Degeneration

Chromomycosis, or chromomycosis, is a chronic, progressive cutaneous and subcutaneous mycosis caused by several species of pheoid or dermaticeous (darkly pigmented) fungi. It mainly affects male patients, in the age group between 30 and 60 years and is more common on rural areas, being associated to traumatic events, which may explain the high frequency of involvement of the lower limbs and exposed areas. Its lesion starts as a small, nonpruriginous, erythematous papule or macula and slowly spreads to the surrounding skin. Commonly, takes 5 to 15 years or more from the onset to diagnosis the disease. The disease progress and evolve to variable morphology types, chronic lesions and complications usually lead to definitive disability, especially due to treatment limitations. We present three cases of exuberant and disfiguring chromomycosis, including a case were the lesions suffered carcinomatous degeneration. All patients complained about the drug price and one of them abandoned the treatment and medical follow up. All patients were from rural area, one of them complained about the absence of medication and reported financial difficulties for transportation. In conclusion, physicians must be aware of chromomycosis as a possible diagnosis when considering a chronic skin condition. Although not common, prevention strategies and alternative therapies should be investigated to improve chromomycosis management, especially in undeveloped regions. The distance and difficulties to accesses health services may delay the diagnosis and prejudice the treatment, given that small and initial lesions have better prognosis, impairing the improvement in patients’ quality of live and the prevention of severe complications and morbidities.

Paracoccidioidomycosis: Detection of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis´ genome in biological samples by quantitative chain reaction polymerase (qPCR)

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a chronic mycosis caused by the saprobic and dimorphic species Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii. This disease is prevalent in Latin American countries. PCM appears as a relevant concern and challenge for the mycologists, since until now there is no a methodology suitable for an efficient and safe diagnosis and species identification. Thus, the present study aimed to validate a methodology for PCM´s diagnosis, using quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) through target amplification of the gene encoding the recombinant protein Pb27, a common protein to the both species Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii. The experiments were performed in vitro to determine the specificity, efficiency and detection limit of qPCR assay, using specific primers and probe, which sequences were subject to a patent deposited in Brazilian CTIT, under the registration number: BR1020160078830. According to the results the technique showed sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 100%, demonstrating that it will be possible to develop a new fast and safe diagnostic PCM and can be standardized in order to present a low cost, accessible to the patient served by the public health system in Brazil and Latin America.

Characterization by PCR-RFLP of the Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complex in Venezuela

Abstract. Cryptococcosis is a sub-acute or chronic mycosis caused by opportunistic yeasts of the Cryptococcus genus, mainly by the C. neoformans and C.gattii species complex. This disease tends to position itself as one of the first opportunistic conditions associated with AIDS, with a high morbidity in these patients, who frequently develop meningoencephalitis. To date, there are techniques that allow the identification of the eight molecular types associated with these species complex, but there is little information about their circulation in Venezuela. The purpose of this work was to perform the molecular characterization of the C. neoformans and C.gattii species complex by PCR-RFLP. A total of 80 strains were used, 65 of the C. neoformans complex (CNC) and 15 of the C. gattii complex (CGC), following the protocol described by Escandon et al., carrying out the amplification of the URA5 gene and subsequent digestion with the Sau96I and HhaI restriction enzymes, that generated band patterns that allowed the identification of different molecular types. The most prevalent molecular type was VNI with 68.75% (n=55), similar to that reported worldwide;secondly, VGII molecular type with con 15% (n=12), which corresponds to that reported for Latin America, followed by VNII with 11.25% (n=9), VGIII with 2.5% (n=2), VNIII with 1.25% (n=1) and VGI with 1.25% (n=1)). Ninety-two point three percent of CCN (n=60) and 66.7% (n=10) of GCC isolates were from patients with HIV/AIDS. This study provided important epidemiological information on circulating molecular types and allowed to deepen the knowledge of this opportunistic mycosis in Venezuela.

An Estimate of Severe and Chronic Fungal Diseases in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Our work aimed to generate a preliminary estimation of severe and chronic fungal diseases in the Republic of Kazakhstan with a model proposed by LIFE (Leading International Fungal Education). Calculations were carried out on data from 2015. Published results of studies of mycoses in Kazakhstan were identified; in the absence of national data from the scientific literature, the frequency of life-threatening and serious mycoses in defined groups of patients at risk from other countries were taken into account. We also used analogous estimations of mycoses in the Russian Federation. We estimate that 300,824 patients (1.7% of the population) were affected by severe and chronic mycotic diseases. There were an estimated 15,172 cases of acute mycoses, notably tinea capitis in children (11,847), Pneumocystis pneumonia and invasive candidiasis, and 285,652 of chronic fungal diseases. The most frequent were chronic recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (273,258 cases) and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (6231). There is uncertainty about the prevalence of asthma in adults; the official number is 12,478 patients, but a prevalence estimate of 1.47% from a WHO consortium yields a prevalence of ~170,000 affected. We have used the official figures to generate the prevalence of fungal asthma, but it is likely to be a significant underestimate. Conclusion: Results of investigation indicate significant prevalence of severe and chronic mycoses in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

A Thorny Situation

•Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous subacute or chronic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii. •This infection is associated with traumatic inoculation of solid, vegetables, and organic material contaminated by the organism. •The initial presentation is a single papule at the location of the injury that becomes ulcerated and progresses to dermal and subcutaneous nodules and ulcers along the path of lymphatic drainage. •Skin biopsy is needed for confirmation of the diagnosis. •Azoles have become the preferred agents for treatment of several forms of sporotrichosis. Department Editor Joanne Thanavaro, DNP, AGACNP-BC, is an associate professor of nursing and the associate dean of graduate nursing education at the St. Louis University School of Nursing in St. Louis, MO. She can be reached at .

Polymorphisms on IFNG, IL12B and IL12RB1 genes and paracoccidioidomycosis in the Brazilian population

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic chronic mycosis, endemic in Latin America, especially Brazil, and is the eighth leading cause of death among chronic and recurrent infectious diseases. PCM infection is characterized by the presence of Th1 immune response; the acute form, by a mixed Th2/Th9, while the chronic form is characterized by Th17/Th22 profiles. The occurrence and severity of human PCM may also be associated with genetic factors such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on cytokines encoding genes. We investigated the association between these polymorphisms and the different clinical forms of PCM. We included 156 patients with PCM (40 with the acute form, 99 with the chronic multifocal and 17 with the chronic unifocal form) and assayed their DNA samples for IFNG +874 T/A SNP by PCR-ARMS (Amplification Refractory Mutational System), IL12B +1188 A/C SNP on 3′ UTR and IL12RB1 641 A/G SNP on exon 7 by PCR-RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). We found similar genotypic and allelic frequencies of the investigated SNPs among the clinical forms of PCM. Considering male patients, the IL12RB1 641 AA genotype was more frequent in the chronic multifocal form while heterozygosis was in the chronic unifocal form of PCM (p=0.048). Although our data suggest that the AA genotype (IL12RB1) may be associated with the more disseminated chronic disease, more patients of the chronic unifocal PCM group need to be analyzed as well as the secretion patterns of IFN-γ combined with the IL-12Rβ1 expression for a better comprehension of this association.

The burden of serious fungal diseases in Russia.

The incidence and prevalence of fungal infections in Russia is unknown. We estimated the burden of fungal infections in Russia according to the methodology of the LIFE program (www.LIFE-worldwide.org). The total number of patients with serious and chronic mycoses in Russia in 2011 was three million. Most of these patients (2,607,494) had superficial fungal infections (recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, oral and oesophageal candidiasis with HIV infection and tinea capitis). Invasive and chronic fungal infections (invasive candidiasis, invasive and chronic aspergillosis, cryptococcal meningitis, mucormycosis and Pneumocystis pneumonia) affected 69,331 patients. The total number of adults with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and severe asthma with fungal sensitisation was 406,082.

Application of photodynamic therapy in reduction in vitro of pathogenic fungus Sporothrix schenckii

s / Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy 12 (2015) 325–375 357 Application of photodynamic therapy in reduction in vitro of pathogenic fungus Sporothrix schenckii Gunther M.P. Guirado1,2, Ricardo S. Navarro1,2, Rodnei Rossoni1,2, Juliana C. Junqueira1,2, Luciano S. Feitosa1,2 1 Biomedical Engineering Institute, UNICASTELO, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil 2 School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista – UNESP Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil The sporotrichosis is a disease affected by lymphatic vessels, skin and some internal organs. There is higherprevalenceof chronic mycosis from pathogenic fungus Sporothrix schenckii in tropical regions. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the susceptibility of S. schenckii to effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT). In the methodology, standardized viable cells (0.1ml) (106 cells/ml) were separated into groups (n=5): G1 – low power laser (660nm) (35mW, 10 J, 285 s, 0.38 cm2 spot size, 26.3 J/cm2) and photosensitizer (0.1mg/ml methylene blue) (L+P+), G2 – laser and no photosensitizer (L+P−), G3 – no laser and photosensitizer (L−P+), G4 – no laser and no photosensitizer (L−P−). After microbiological laboratorial processing, it was performed the count of the colony forming units (CFU). The datawere analyzed by KruskallWallis statistical test. The results showed medium (minimum–maximum) values (log CFU/ml) to G1 (0)(0–0)a, G2 (3.21)(3.16–3.23)b, G3 (3.22)(3.14–3.26)b, G4 (3.24)(3.12–3.30)b, demonstrated that G1 showed no growth and statistically higher effects of PDT than other groups (p 0.05). The parameters of this study can conclude the effective and viable of PDT in inactivation of this microorganism. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.126 Photodynamic therapy inhibits the antimicrobial effects of bacteriophage therapy in a invertebrate model of systemic infection C.P. Sabino1, P.R. Neves2, N. Lincopan2,3, M.S. Ribeiro1 1 Center for Lasers and Applications, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo, Brazil 2 Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil 3 Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo,

Photodynamic therapy inhibits the antimicrobial effects of bacteriophage therapy in a invertebrate model of systemic infection

s / Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy 12 (2015) 325–375 357 Application of photodynamic therapy in reduction in vitro of pathogenic fungus Sporothrix schenckii Gunther M.P. Guirado1,2, Ricardo S. Navarro1,2, Rodnei Rossoni1,2, Juliana C. Junqueira1,2, Luciano S. Feitosa1,2 1 Biomedical Engineering Institute, UNICASTELO, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil 2 School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista – UNESP Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil The sporotrichosis is a disease affected by lymphatic vessels, skin and some internal organs. There is higherprevalenceof chronic mycosis from pathogenic fungus Sporothrix schenckii in tropical regions. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the susceptibility of S. schenckii to effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT). In the methodology, standardized viable cells (0.1ml) (106 cells/ml) were separated into groups (n=5): G1 – low power laser (660nm) (35mW, 10 J, 285 s, 0.38 cm2 spot size, 26.3 J/cm2) and photosensitizer (0.1mg/ml methylene blue) (L+P+), G2 – laser and no photosensitizer (L+P−), G3 – no laser and photosensitizer (L−P+), G4 – no laser and no photosensitizer (L−P−). After microbiological laboratorial processing, it was performed the count of the colony forming units (CFU). The datawere analyzed by KruskallWallis statistical test. The results showed medium (minimum–maximum) values (log CFU/ml) to G1 (0)(0–0)a, G2 (3.21)(3.16–3.23)b, G3 (3.22)(3.14–3.26)b, G4 (3.24)(3.12–3.30)b, demonstrated that G1 showed no growth and statistically higher effects of PDT than other groups (p 0.05). The parameters of this study can conclude the effective and viable of PDT in inactivation of this microorganism. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.126 Photodynamic therapy inhibits the antimicrobial effects of bacteriophage therapy in a invertebrate model of systemic infection C.P. Sabino1, P.R. Neves2, N. Lincopan2,3, M.S. Ribeiro1 1 Center for Lasers and Applications, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo, Brazil 2 Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil 3 Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo,