Abstract
Our work aimed to generate a preliminary estimation of severe and chronic fungal diseases in the Republic of Kazakhstan with a model proposed by LIFE (Leading International Fungal Education). Calculations were carried out on data from 2015. Published results of studies of mycoses in Kazakhstan were identified; in the absence of national data from the scientific literature, the frequency of life-threatening and serious mycoses in defined groups of patients at risk from other countries were taken into account. We also used analogous estimations of mycoses in the Russian Federation. We estimate that 300,824 patients (1.7% of the population) were affected by severe and chronic mycotic diseases. There were an estimated 15,172 cases of acute mycoses, notably tinea capitis in children (11,847), Pneumocystis pneumonia and invasive candidiasis, and 285,652 of chronic fungal diseases. The most frequent were chronic recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (273,258 cases) and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (6231). There is uncertainty about the prevalence of asthma in adults; the official number is 12,478 patients, but a prevalence estimate of 1.47% from a WHO consortium yields a prevalence of ~170,000 affected. We have used the official figures to generate the prevalence of fungal asthma, but it is likely to be a significant underestimate. Conclusion: Results of investigation indicate significant prevalence of severe and chronic mycoses in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Highlights
Mycoses have been increasing in recent years as a result of better recognition and increasing numbers of immunocompromised patients [1,2,3]
We evaluated the burden of serious mycoses in Kazakhstan
Statistical data about number and composition of the population of Kazakhstan were obtained from the statistics of the Ministry of Health and Social Development (MHSD), 2015 [6,7]
Summary
Mycoses have been increasing in recent years as a result of better recognition and increasing numbers of immunocompromised patients [1,2,3]. Many diagnostic and therapeutic advances have been made in the last 15 years. From a public health perspective, an estimate of the burden of infection, its health economic consequences, and contributions to morbidity and mortality are critical to a rounded assessment of the most pressing needs of different patient groups and priority setting. Such an estimation has never been previously attempted for the Republic of Kazakhstan.
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