Chongqing University Research Articles

Modulated spontaneous hemodynamic response to loss of consciousness

Event Abstract Back to Event Modulated spontaneous hemodynamic response to loss of consciousness Guorong Wu1, 2, Carol Di Perri3, 4, Vanessa Charland-Verville4, Charlotte Martial5, Steven Laureys5 and Daniele Marinazzo2* 1 Chongqing University, China 2 Ghent University, Faculty of Psychology and Pedagogical Sciences - Department of Data Analysis, Belgium 3 Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (CCBS), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom 4 GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Belgium 5 GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Belgium Resting state functional connectivity MRI is playing a crucial role to explore the consciousness related functional integration, successfully complementing PET, another widely used neuroimaging technique. Here we apply a signal processing technique to retrieve a proxy of the hemodynamic response function from resting state fMRI recordings (rsHRF). rsHRF is useful to characterize resting state brain activity giving information on the local metabolism (neurovascular coupling), and to improve the time-resolved activity and connectivity measures based on BOLD fMRI. This voxel-wise measure is then used to investigate the loss of consciousness under Propofol anesthesia and unresponsive wakefulness syndrome. The dysfunction of hemodynamic response in precuneus and posterior cingulate is found to be a common principle underlying loss of consciousness in both conditions. The thalamus appears to be less obviously modulated by Propofol, compared with frontoparietal regions. However, a significant increase in spontaneous thalamic hemodynamic response was found in patients in unresponsive wakefulness syndrome compared with healthy control. Our results ultimately show that anesthesia or pathology induced neurovascular coupling could be tracked by modulated spontaneous hemodynamic response derived from resting state fMRI. References Boveroux, P., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Bruno, M.A., Noirhomme, Q., Lauwick, S., Luxen, A., Degueldre, C., Plenevaux, A., Schnakers, C., Phillips, C., Brichant, J.F., Bonhomme, V., Maquet, P., Greicius, M.D., Laureys, S., Boly, M., 2010. Breakdown of within- and between-network resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity during propofol-induced loss of consciousness. Anesthesiology 113, 1038-1053. Rangaprakash, D., Wu, G.R., Marinazzo, D., Hu, X., Deshpande, G., 2018. Hemodynamic response function (HRF) variability confounds resting‐state fMRI functional connectivity. Magnetic resonance in medicine. 2018 Apr 15. doi: 10.1002/mrm.27146. [Epub ahead of print] Wu, G.R., Liao, W., Stramaglia, S., Ding, J.R., Chen, H., Marinazzo, D., 2013. A blind deconvolution approach to recover effective connectivity brain networks from resting state fMRI data. Med Image Anal 17, 365-374. https://github.com/compneuro-da/rsHRF Keywords: fMRI — functional magnetic resonance imaging, Hemodynamic response function (HRF), Consciousness, Anesthesia, Signal processing Conference: Belgian Brain Congress 2018 — Belgian Brain Council, LIEGE, Belgium, 19 Oct - 19 Oct, 2018. Presentation Type: e-posters Topic: NOVEL STRATEGIES FOR NEUROLOGICAL AND MENTAL DISORDERS: SCIENTIFIC BASIS AND VALUE FOR PATIENT-CENTERED CARE Citation: Wu G, Di Perri C, Charland-Verville V, Martial C, Laureys S and Marinazzo D (2019). Modulated spontaneous hemodynamic response to loss of consciousness. Front. Neurosci. Conference Abstract: Belgian Brain Congress 2018 — Belgian Brain Council. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnins.2018.95.00025 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 10 Aug 2018; Published Online: 17 Jan 2019. * Correspondence: Prof. Daniele Marinazzo, Ghent University, Faculty of Psychology and Pedagogical Sciences - Department of Data Analysis, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium, daniele.marinazzo@ugent.be Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Guorong Wu Carol Di Perri Vanessa Charland-Verville Charlotte Martial Steven Laureys Daniele Marinazzo Google Guorong Wu Carol Di Perri Vanessa Charland-Verville Charlotte Martial Steven Laureys Daniele Marinazzo Google Scholar Guorong Wu Carol Di Perri Vanessa Charland-Verville Charlotte Martial Steven Laureys Daniele Marinazzo PubMed Guorong Wu Carol Di Perri Vanessa Charland-Verville Charlotte Martial Steven Laureys Daniele Marinazzo Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

One-dimensional method of investigating the localized states in armchair graphene-like nanoribbons with defects**Project supported by the Starting Foundation for the ‘Hundred Talent Program’ of Chongqing University, China (Grants No. 0233001104429).

In this paper we propose a type of new analytical method to investigate the localized states in the armchair graphene-like nanoribbons. The method is based on the tight-binding model and with a standing wave assumption. The system of armchair graphene-like nanoribbons includes the armchair supercells with arbitrary elongation-type line defects and the semi-infinite nanoribbons. With this method, we analyze many interesting localized states near the line defects in the graphene and boron-nitride nanoribbons. We also derive the analytical expressions and the criteria for the localized states in the semi-infinite nanoribbons.

The impact of students with left-behind experiences on childhood: The relationship between negative life events and depression among college students in China.

The number of left-behind children in rural China has increased dramatically over the last decade. It is reported that about 21.88% of child population with an estimated number of 61 million are left-behind children whose parents leave them to work in cities. We conducted a cross-sectional study to explore the impacts of left-behind experience (LBE) on college students' depression and other influencing factors. This study discusses the mediation effect of self-esteem together with psychological resilience on college students with depression and negative life events of left-behind. The study also discusses the regulation effect of LBE. A total of 788 college students were selected from three universities in Sichuan and Chongqing (367 with LBEs, 421 without LBEs). Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List (ASLEC), Self-Esteem Scale (SES), Resilience Scale of Chinese Adolescent (RSCA) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to measure the negative life events, self-esteem, psychological resilience and depression, respectively. Bootstrap program was used to test the mediation effect, and multiple-group analysis was used to examine the regulation effect for LBE. Scores of ASLEC for the college students with LBEs were higher than those without LBEs (8.59 ± 3.57) vs (7.06 ± 3.38), p < .001). The scores of LBE, ASLEC and SDS were positively correlated with the college students with LBEs ( r = .21 to .29, p < .01), while the scores of RSCA and SES were negatively correlated ( r = -.30 to -.59, p < .01). The mediation effect of college students' self-esteem and psychological resilience between negative life events and depression was significant (mediating effect = .08, .13, .07; p < .01). Thus, the college students' self-esteem and psychological resilience on negative life events had strong mediation effect on depression. The test of Bootstrap showed that the mediation effect of self-esteem and psychological resilience was significant (95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.04-0.76]). The LBE had regulation effect on college students' self-esteem and psychological resilience. (The constraint model fitting degree of variation is Δχ2 = 2,120.68, Δ df = 8, p < .001.) The self-esteem and psychological resilience of college students with LBEs can be used to mediate the relation between negative life events and depression, whereas those without LBEs cannot. Self-esteem and psychological resilience fully mediates college students' negative life events and depression, which is regulated by their previous LBEs.

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching on Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Rice-Rapeseed Crop Rotation

A field experiment was conducted in the Key Field Station for Monitoring of Eco-Environment of Purple Soil of the Ministry of Agriculture of China in the farm of Southwest University in Chongqing. Static opaque chamber and gas chromatography methods were used to study the effect of plastic film mulching on CH4 and N2O emissions characteristics from a rice-rapeseed crop rotation in situ for one year. The results showed that CH4 and N2O emissions are mainly concentrated in the early stages of the growth of each crop and there is a clear seasonal variation of CH4 emissions during the rice growing period and N2O in the rapeseed growing period. The CH4 flux changed from -0.45 to 1.90 mg·(m2·h)-1 and the N2O flux varied between -46.1 and 2040.7 μg·(m2·h)-1 over the entire year. Plastic film mulching was found to increase the total emissions of CH4 and N2 O, with the total CH4 emission of(27.22±4.48) kg·hm-2 over the entire year, which is 26.22% higher than that of the non-mulching treatment(19.93±0.56) kg·hm-2. The total amount of N2O emissions under film mulching treatment increased 16.6% from (11.27±2.77) kg·hm-2 under no mulching treatment to (13.14±0.82) kg·hm-2. The results analyzed for soil moisture and soil temperature showed that mulching significantly increased the soil moisture during the rapeseed season, while there was no obvious correlation with soil temperature (at depths of 5 cm and for the surface temperature) for each crop season. During the rapeseed growing season, CH4 and N2O emissions negatively correlated with soil moisture and has a significant negative correlation during the seedling period with film mulching treatment. Moreover, under the two treatments, the correlation between CH4 and N2O emissions and soil temperature was negligible. This study indicates that plastic film mulching impacts CH4 and N2O emissions at different growth stages of the crops, which changes the proportion of the emission of the two gases over the whole growth period, and promotes the emission of CH4 and N2O in the rice-rapeseed system. In the time scale of 100 years, the integrated global warming potentials (GWP) of CH4 and N2O emission under plastic film was a CO2 equivalent of 4213.00 kg·hm-2 compared with that under conventional treatment of 3454.17 kg·hm-2. Conventional emits 22.0% less CO2, indicating that plastic film mulching is not an effective measure for carbon sequestration.

Predicting Physical Activity and Healthy Nutrition Behaviors Using Social Cognitive Theory: Cross-Sectional Survey among Undergraduate Students in Chongqing, China.

(1) Background: Generally suggested public health measures to reduce obesity were to limit television (TV) viewing, enhance daily physical activities, enable the consumption of fruit and vegetables, and reduce sugar-sweetened beverage intake. This study analyzed the extent to which selected social cognitive theory constructs can predict these behaviors among Chinese undergraduate students. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1976 undergraduate students from six universities in Chongqing, China. A self-administered five-point Likert common physical activity and nutrition behavior scale based on social cognitive theory was utilized. (3) Results: This study included 687 (34.77%) males and 1289 (65.23%) females. A total of 60.14% of the students engaged in exercise for less than 30 min per day. Approximately 16.5% of the participants spent at least 4 h watching TV and sitting in front of a computer daily. Approximately 79% of the participants consumed less than five cups of fruit and vegetables daily. Undergraduate students who had high self-efficacy scores had more leisure time physical activities. Those who have high expectation scores had considerable time watching TV and sitting in front of a computer. Undergraduate students who had high expectation and self-efficacy scores had substantially low consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Those who had high self-efficacy scores consumed considerable amounts of fruit and vegetables. Furthermore, the type of university, BMI group, gender, age, lack of siblings, and grade level were associated with the aforementioned four behaviors. (4) Conclusion: Physical inactivity and unhealthy nutrition behaviors are common among undergraduate students. This study used social cognitive theory to provide several implications for limiting the TV viewing, enhancing daily physical activities, consuming fruit and vegetables, and reducing sugar-sweetened beverage intake among undergraduate students.

Association between Eating Out and Socio-Demographic Factors of University Students in Chongqing, China.

(1) Objective: We aimed to explore the current situation of eating out and the association with socio-demographic factors of university students in Chongqing, China. (2) Methods: We used self-administered questionnaires to collect information. There are 14 universities in Chongqing; four (Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing University, Chongqing Normal University, and Chongqing University of Science & Technology) were randomly selected. In each selected university, two disciplines were randomly selected. (3) Results: 4595 university students participated in the study. The frequency of eating out was relatively high. The frequency of eating out among females was higher than that among males during weekdays. The two main reasons for eating out were having an opportunity to meet friends (56.0%) and improving diet (39.6%). Bistros (61.7%) and hot-pot restaurants (41.1%) were the favorite places for eating out. Only 36.0% of the participants said they considered nutrition and food safety when selecting restaurants. The majority of the participants demonstrated a high demand for nutrition and food safety knowledge when eating out (77.7%). (4) Conclusions: The higher the monthly living expenses were, the higher the frequency of eating out was. An intervention strategy to reduce the frequency or change the behavior of eating out should be formulated by considering the students’ perspectives.

International Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Industrial Applications (FMIA 2017)

CommitteesChairmenProf. O. Somei, Hokkaido University, JapanProf. T.W. Fu, Nanjing University, ChinaDr. J. Xiao, Wuhan University of Technology, ChinaMembersProf. H. Zhou, Wuhan University, ChinaProf. P.L. Liu, National Chung-Hsing University, TaiwanProf. J.P. Wang, Beijing Institute of Technology, ChinaProf. S.D. Tan, Beijing Institute of Technology, ChinaProf. J.J. Xu, Northeast Petroleum University, ChinaProf. F. Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, ChinaProf. C.J. Jia, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, ChinaProf. F. Yang, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, ChinaProf. X. Long, Zhejiang University, ChinaProf. C.H. Li, Zhejiang University, ChinaProf. L.L. Deng, Zhejiang University, ChinaProf. Y.D. Shi, Zhejiang University, ChinaDr. X.L. Li, Peking University, ChinaDr. J.W. Yan, Wuhan University of Technology, ChinaProf. H. Chen, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, ChinaAssociate Prof. S. Zhu, Wuhan University, ChinaProf. G.S. Liu, Hunan University, ChinaProf. P. Wang, Guangxi college of Education, ChinaDr. H.Y. Su, Central South University, ChinaDr. T.Q. Liu, Central South University, ChinaDr. J.P. Fang, Chongqing University, ChinaDr. G.P. Pan, Chongqing University, ChinaDr. X.B. Wang, Chongqing University, ChinaDr. D.M. Li, Shandong University of Science and Technology, ChinaMr. W. Jiang, Xiangchen Cultural Development Co., Ltd, ChinaMr. C.P. Wang, Xiangchen Cultural Development Co., Ltd, ChinaMr. G.F. Tan, Xiangchen Cultural Development Co., Ltd, ChinaMs. Z.L. Liu, Xiangchen Cultural Development Co., Ltd, China

Analysis of "Four In One" College Students Entrepreneurship Education Model-taking Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences as an Example

The scientific entrepreneurship education model plays an important role in the orientation, implementation and evaluation of entrepreneurship education. This paper mainly introduces the construction of Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences’ the "four in one" mode of entrepreneurship education of "curriculum, training, practice, service", and specifically discussed the model of the practical operation and support conditions for detailed discussion.

Thermal comfort criteria for personal air supply in aircraft cabins in winter

Personal air supply systems (PASSs) have shown great potential in buildings, but to date, the usefulness of PASSs in aircraft cabins in winter has not been examined. In this study, 40 subjects participated in experiments in a model aircraft cabin constructed at Chongqing University. The subjects were exposed to air from a personal air supply at flow rates of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 L/s under eight different conditions: 28, 26, 24, and 22 °C while wearing winter clothing (≈1.23 clo); 24, 22, and 20 °C while wearing winter clothing with a jacket (≈1.55 clo); and 26 °C while wearing summer clothing (≈0.65 clo). The results indicate that the subjects were more thermally sensitive to the environment in the aircraft cabin than that in buildings. Because a higher draft rate (DR) at the face occurred under some conditions, a new DR model based on convective heat transfer at the face was constructed. The perceived air quality (PAQ) had a strong relationship with the airflow rate of the air supply and the standard effective temperature, implying that the PAQ is affected by the heat balance of the body. Thus, recommended adjusted thermal environment criteria for a personal air supply while wearing winter clothing that account for the thermal sensation, drafts, and PAQ are presented.

Discussion on the Impact of International Evaluation on Development of Construction Management Professional Education

In order to guarantee the quality of education with international standards, Chongqing University passes the international professional evaluation by RICS, and the evaluation by NBCMA is also recognized by CIOB and ACCE. In this paper, we discuss the impact of international evaluation on development of construction management education by comparative analysis on the change of objective, course system and undergraduate’s quality of education.

Simulation on effect of metal/graphene hybrid transparent electrode on characteristics of GaN light emitting diodes**Project supported by the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2015AA034801), the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission of Chongqing University (Grant Nos. SKLMT-ZZKT-2017M15, SKLM-ZZKT-2015Z16, and SKLMT-KFKT-201419), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11374359, 11304405, and

In order to decrease the Schottky barrier height and sheet resistance between graphene (Gr) and the p-GaN layers in GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs), some transparent thin films with good conductivity and large work function are essential to insert into Gr and p-GaN layers. In this work, the ultra-thin films of four metals (silver (Ag), golden (Au), nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt)) are explored to introduce as a bridge layer into Gr and p-GaN, respectively. The effect of a different combination of Gr/metal transparent conductive layers (TCLs) on the electrical, optical, and thermal characteristics of LED was investigated by the finite element methods. It is found that both the TCLs transmittance and the surface temperature of the LED chip reduces with the increase of the metal thickness, and the transmittance decreases to about 80% with the metal thickness increasing to 2 nm. The surface temperature distribution, operation voltage, and optical output power of the LED chips with different metal/Gr combination were calculated and analyzed. Based on the electrical, optical, and thermal performance of LEDs, it is found that 1.5-nm Ag or Ni or Pt, but 1-nm Au combined with 3 layered (L) Gr is the optimal Gr/metal hybrid transparent and current spreading electrode for ultra-violet (UV) or near-UV LEDs.

Effect of Plastic Film Mulching on Methane Emission from a Vegetable Field

Using the static opaque chamber method and choosing a chili-radish cropping system, a field experiment, located in the Key Field Station for Monitoring of Eco-Environment of Purple Soil of the Ministry of Agriculture of China in the farm of Southwest University in Chongqing, was conducted in situ for one year. Mulching and non-mulching treatments were set in the field, and the seasonal variation of CH4 flux and CH4 concentrations in the soil profile and the seasonal changes in soil moisture and temperature were observed for different treatments to explore the effect of plastic film mulching on soil moisture and temperature. The results showed that plastic film mulching can significantly improve the surface soil temperature during the pepper growing season in spring and summer (P<0.01), but no significant difference was seen during the radish growing season in autumn and winter (P>0.05). The soil moisture of the plastic film mulching treatment was significantly higher than that of no mulching in the radish growing season (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed for the pepper growing season (P>0.05). During the whole observation period and under the condition of plastic film mulching and conventional planting, the CH4 flux from soil had no significant seasonal variation under all treatments, and the mean CH4 fluxes were -7.64 μg·(m2·h)-1 and -9.00 μg·(m2·h)-1, respectively. The cumulative CH4 emissions for plastic film mulching and conventional planting were -0.54 kg·hm-2 and -0.64 kg·hm-2, respectively, in the whole observation period, and all the treatments showed a net absorption of CH4 for the whole observation period. The results showed that the plastic film mulching could weaken the ability of CH4 as a sink of the CH4 for the whole observation period. The CH4 concentrations in different soil profiles were in the order 10 cm>20 cm>30 cm, and the concentrations of CH4 change patterns in different soil layers were almost identical during the whole observation period. The CH4 concentrations at the depths of 20 cm and 30 cm under the plastic film mulching soil were significantly lower than those under no mulching soil (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed for the depth of 10 cm (P>0.05). Correlation analysis showed that, under the plastic film mulching conditions, CH4 flux and the 5 cm geothermal showed significant positive correlation (P<0.05), but CH4 flux and soil moisture showed significant negative correlation (P<0.05). However, under the conventional cultivation conditions, there were no correlations between CH4 flux and the 5 cm geothermal or soil moisture. There was also significant positive correlation between CH4 concentration in the 10 cm and 20 cm depth soil layers with the CH4 concentration in surface soil (P<0.01), and the CH4 concentration in the 30 cm depth soil layer had significant positive correlation with the surface soil temperatures and the 5 cm geothermal. There was no significant correlation between soil CH4 concentration and soil water content.

Design of the OffWindChina 5 MW Wind Turbine Rotor

The current article describes the conceptual design of a rotor for a 5 MW machine situated at an offshore site in China (OffWindChina). The OffWindChina 5 MW rotor design work was divided into two parts between the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) and the Chong Qing University (CQU). The two parts consist of the aeroelastic and structural design phases. The aeroelastic part determines the optimal outer blade shape in terms of cost of energy (COE), while the structural part determines the internal laminate layup to achieve a minimum blade mass. Each part is performed sequentially using in-house optimization tools developed at DTU and CQU. The designed blade yields a high energy output while maintaining the structural feasibility with respect to international standards.

Research on Phased Undergraduate Tutorial System plus Technique Club Implementation-Taking School of Software Engineering of Chongqing University for Example

The mode of Phased Undergraduate Tutorial System plus Technique Club is created by School of Software Engineering of Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences. In this mode, undergraduate study is divided into 3 phases. In different phase, undergraduates have different characteristics, require different types of tutors to guide. Technique Clubs which established by the tutor teams with similar research direction, are corresponding to the second phase. Different clubs have different technique direction, have different training methods, meet the different needs of undergraduates in second phase. The paper study the working mode of Phased Undergraduate Tutorial System and Technique Clubs from operation mechanism, evaluation mechanism, operation effect and so on. The paper also analyses the problems in the implementation process, and puts forward some improving measures.

Erratum: Gu, S. et al. Error-Free Bypass of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine by DNA Polymerase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phage PaP1. Genes 2017, 8, 18.

n/a.

Correlation between Flow Behavior and Microstructure Evolution during α/β Deformation of TA19 Titanium Alloy**

Adv. Eng. Mater. 2016, 18, 1808 DOI: 10.1002/adem.201600198 In the original published version, the department name in the following affiliation was given incorrectly. The department name in this affiliation is corrected to (changes have been underlined): Dr. K. Wang, D. Sun, Y. Wu, Prof. R. Xin, M. Wu, Prof. Q. Liu College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

Report on the 2016 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE 2016)

The 2016 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE 2016) was held September 19 to 22, 2016, at the Days Hotel and Suites Dading, Chengdu, China. The conference was chaired by Prof. Jian Li from Chongqing University, China, and co-chaired by Prof. Guangning Wu and Stanislaw Grzybowski, respectively from Southwest Jiaotong University, China, and Mississippi State University, USA.

WeChat Library: a new mode of mobile library service

PurposeThis study aims to introduce a new mode of mobile library service, named “WeChat Library”, developed under the WeChat (social media platform) public service platform. The design and realization of WeChat Library is also presented with Chongqing University Library taken as the example.Design/methodology/approachThis study designed a new mobile library service system, WeChat Library of Chongqing University Library, analyzed its construction cost and usage statistics and discussed the advantages of the new service mode.FindingsInvestigation results showed that 84.6 per cent of the “985” universities opened up WeChat Libraries, which signified that WeChat Library has become one of the important mobile service modes for Chinese university libraries. WeChat Library received high appreciation from the patrons; in 20 months of operation, 20.3 per cent of patrons in Chongqing University had used WeChat Library. The five most commonly used services are OPAC retrieval, items borrowed, personal center, resource discovery and announcements. WeChat Library was found to have many advantages, such as low development cost, automatic cross-platform service, adaptive screen, low acceptance cost, easier promotion, strong user viscosity, strong interactivity and real-time consulting.Practical implicationsThe functional design and technological architecture of WeChat Library was presented with Chongqing University Library taken as the example. The technical realization of several unique services, namely, QR code access, space reservation and overdue reminders, was also demonstrated. The study will provide favorable suggestions and references for other libraries that have also launched the WeChat Library.Originality/valueThe mainstream service mode of mobile libraries is application for mobile terminals (APP). Although mobile services are applied extensively in China, numerous small- and medium-sized libraries are still unable to provide mobile services for patrons primarily because the investment is too high to bear for some libraries. Therefore, mobile library services urgently need a more economical model of mobile services. The most prominent advantages of WeChat Library are its low development cost and low technology threshold. WeChat Library can provide a better solution for mobile library services.

Exploring health literacy in nursing students of Chongqing, China: a cross-sectional survey using the health literacy questionnaire

BackgroundHealth literacy is important in public health and health care, particularly in effective communication between patients and nurses. The aim of this study was to explore the health literacy level and its influence factors in undergraduate nursing students. MethodsWe did a cross-sectional study by stratified sampling of nurses studying at the medical university in Chongqing, south-western China. Nurses had to attend class, be willing to participate, and be younger than 28 years. We used the health literacy questionnaire (HLQ), which was created by Osborne and colleagues, to assess literacy. Analyses were done with χ2 tests, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression models. We set the low health literacy to scores lower than 60% of the total score and the high health literacy to scores higher than 80% of the total score. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Chongqing Medical University (record number 2015002). And we obtained written informed consent from all participants. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Chongqing Medical University (record number 2015002). FindingsBetween March 23, 2015, and April 16, 2015, a total of 612 undergraduate nursing students filled the survey, 316 were in grade one, 168 in grade two, and 128 in grade three. The total score of HLQ was 40·00; the mean score of HLQ was 26·18 (SD 3·95). The mean scores of HLQ in nine scales, including (1) feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers, (2) having sufficient information to manage my health, (3) actively managing my health; (4) social support for health, (5) Appraisal of health information, (6) ability to actively engage with health-care providers, (7) navigating the health-care system, (8) ability to find good health information, and (9) understand health information well enough to know what to do were 2·16 (SD 0·57), 2·54 (0·47), 2·60 (0·49), 2·88 (0·46), 2·61 (0·46), 3·24 (0·76), 3·16 (0·69), 3·42 (0·65) and 3·56 (0·61), respectively. Participants with higher grades were more likely to have higher scores than those with lower grades in scales 1 to 9 (F=30·852, p<0·001; F=49·456, p<0·001; F=32·347, p<0·001; F=40·272, p<0·001; F=52·483, p<0·001; F=30·852, p<0·001; F=240·018, p<0·001; F=215·972, p<0·001; F=158·258, p<0·001 and F=200·215, p<0·001). Participants with average or higher socioeconomic status were more likely to have higher scores than those with lower socioeconomic status in scales 3, 6 to 9 (t=–2·127, p=0·034; t=–3·540, p<0·001; t=–3·756, p<0·001; t=–4·210, p<0·001 and t=–4·785, p<0·001).. Participants whose parent had completed high school had higher scores than those whose parents had not completed high school in scales 5 to 9 (t=–2·044, p=0·041; t=–3·866, p<0·001; t=–3·886, p<0·001; t=–3·268, p=0·001 and t=–6·255, p<0·001). Regression analysis showed that higher grades (t=9·418, p<0·001 and t=16·923, p<0·001), higher parent's level of education (t=5·366, p<0·001), and higher socioeconomic status (t=4·764, p<0·001) were associated with higher scores of the HLQ. InterpretationOur findings indicate that the health literacy levels of the undergraduate nursing students are insufficient. We suggest that school should pay more attention to cultivate nursing students' health literacy level. FundingThis project was supported by the Humanity and Social Science Foundation of China's Ministry of Education (15YJA860020).

Block copolymer morphologies confined by square-shaped particle: Hard and soft confinement**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20804060) and the Research Foundation of Chongqing University of Science and Technology, China (Grant No. CK2013B16).

The self-assembly of diblock copolymers confined around one square-shaped particle is studied systematically within two-dimensional self-consistent field theory (SCFT). In this model, we assume that the thin block copolymer film is confined in the vicinity of a square-shaped particle by a homopolymer melt, which is equivalent to the poor solvents. Multiple sequences of square-shaped particle-induced copolymer aggregates with different shapes and self-assembled internal morphologies are predicted as functions of the particle size, the structural portion of the copolymer, and the volume fraction of the copolymer. A rich variety of aggregates are found with complex internal self-assembled morphologies including complex structures of the vesicle, with one or several inverted micelle surrounded by the outer monolayer with the particle confined in the core. These results demonstrate that the assemblies of diblock copolymers formed around the square-shaped particle in poor solvents are of immediate interest to the assembly of copolymer and the morphology of biomembrane in the confined environment, as well as to the transitions of vesicles to micelles.