Cholinergic Link Research Articles

Cholinergic link hypothesis in adrenergic neuroeffector transmission.

Cholinergic link hypothesis in adrenergic neuroeffector transmission.

Variations in the action of adrenalin on the cortical EEG of dogs with age

Data obtained on the absence of the adrenalin effect in puppies of, a young age (up to 18 days) confirm the conclusions of the immaturity of their ascending activating system drawn at our laboratory earlier from the results of several studies. Nonrepresentation of desynchronization in the first phase of adrenalin action at an early age is accounted for by the functional immaturity of the intermediate cholinergic link in the rostral part of the reticular formation of the brain stem. The absence of synchronization of the EEG in the second phase of the adrenalin action is associated with the immaturity of the function of the sinocarotid zone baroreceptors.

Pharmacological investigations of cochlear responses and of olivocochlear inhibition.

Pharmacological investigations of cochlear responses and of olivocochlear inhibition.Y Tanaka, and Y KatsukiY Tanaka, and Y KatsukiPublished Online:01 Jan 1966https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1966.29.1.94MoreSectionsPDF (2 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByPatterns of GABA-like immunoreactivity in efferent fibers of the human cochleaHearing Research, Vol. 174, No. 1-2The efferent modulation of mammalian inner hair cell afferentsHearing Research, Vol. 64, No. 1Effect of elevated potassium concentration in the perilymph on the nonlinearity of cochlear microphonics in the guinea-pig cochleaHearing Research, Vol. 35, No. 2-3Dose-dependent effects of atropine sulfate on the brainstem and cortical auditory evoked potentials in the ratBrain Research, Vol. 456, No. 2Immunoelectron microscopy identifies several types of GABA-containing efferent synapses in the guinea-pig organ of CortiNeuroscience, Vol. 24, No. 1Efferent transmitter substance in the mammalian cochlea: Single neuron support for acetylcholineHearing Research, Vol. 1, No. 1Effect of cholinergic drugs on the brainstem auditory evoked responses (far-field) in ratsNeuroscience, Vol. 3, No. 9Olivo-cochlear inhibition during physostigmine-induced activity in the pontine reticular formation in the decerebrate catExperimental Neurology, Vol. 40, No. 1Evidence that gamma-aminobutyric acid is not the inhibitory transmitter at the crossed olivocochlear nerve-hair cell junctionNeuropharmacology, Vol. 9, No. 6CVII The Efferent Olivo-Cochlear Rundle in the Guinea Pig Cochlea28 June 2016 | Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, Vol. 78, No. 6A possible cholinergic link in olivo-cochlear inhibitionInternational Journal of Neuropharmacology, Vol. 8, No. 1 More from this issue > Volume 29Issue 1January 1966Pages 94-108 https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1966.29.1.94PubMed5901614History Published online 1 January 1966 Published in print 1 January 1966 Metrics

FUNCTIONAL SEPARATION OF ADRENERGIC AND CHOLINERGIC FIBERS TO SKELETAL MUSCLE VESSELS.

The hypothesis that sympathetic innervation to skeletal muscle vasculature contains functionally distinct adrenergic and cholinergic fibers was investigated utilizing the dog isolated perfused gracilis muscle. The use of hemicholinium in an attempt to abolish cholinergic dilatation, but not adrenergic constriction, in response to intermittent nerve stimulation was not successful. Continuous nerve stimulation produced vasoconstriction which was maintained for the duration of stimulation. Conversely, when cholinergic vasodilatation was unmasked, continuous stimulation resulted in a dilator response which disappeared rapidly. These experiments suggested that release of the adrenergic transmitter could not be dependent upon an intermediate cholinergic link in the sympathetic nerve. This postulate was supported further by experiments utilizing electrical stimulation of medullary vasoconstrictor areas. Whereas cholinergic vasodilatation was unmasked routinely by peripheral stimulation following reserpine, guanethidine or ß-TM 10, this response was never seen when medullary vasoconstrictor neurons were activated following these agents. It was concluded that sympathetic cholinergic nerves to skeletal muscle vessels possess a purely vasodilator function, and do not play an intermediate role involving release of the adrenergic transmitter.

The effect of eserine on the response of the vas deferens to hypogastric nerve stimulation.

In experiments in which the vas deferens together with the hypogastric nerve of the guinea-pig was studied as an isolated preparation, the relation between frequency of electrical stimulation of the nerve and the height of contraction was determined. The optimal frequency was 20 shocks/sec. This value was the same when hyoscine was present to exclude the direct effect of any acetylcholine which might be released. When eserine was added to the bath in the presence of hyoscine, the response to stimulation at a frequency of 5 shocks/sec gradually increased until it became many times greater; the response to a frequency of 10 shocks/sec also increased, though to a less extent, but eserine decreased the amplitude of the contraction at a stimulus frequency of 20 shocks/sec. Neostigmine had the same effect as eserine. These findings indicate that, in the presence of hyoscine, eserine increased the noradrenaline released by low frequency stimulation, but decreased it for high frequency. If this is so, the results are compatible with the belief that there is a cholinergic link in the release of noradrenaline by hypogastric nerve stimulation.

Action of some drugs on the dorsal root potentials of the isolated toad spinal cord.

A series of drugs which potentiate or antagonize transmission at cholinergic synapses have been tested on the slow depolarizing dorsal root potentials evoked by stimulation of adjacent dorsal and ventral roots. Some drugs acted specifically on the dorsal root potential evoked by ventral root stimulation. Dihydro-beta-erythroidine, atropine and acetylcholine depressed this potential, whilst anticholinesterase substances in low concentrations potentiated and in higher concentrations depressed it. It is concluded that the results offer some evidence for a cholinergic link in the pathway responsible for the generation of depolarizing potentials in the dorsal root subsequent to ventral root stimulation.

Effects of Oxytocin and Blocking Agents upon Pituitary Lactogen Discharge in Lactating Rats.

Summary1) The effect of various compounds upon release of lactogenic hormone from the hypophysis in response to nursing stimuli has been studied in 14-day postpartum lactating rats. 2) Atropine, Dibenamine and Nembutal effectively blocked pituitary lactogen discharge since 30 minutes nursing evoked no decline (2.35, 2.39 and 2.46 Reece-Turner units/100 g, respectively) from previously obtained control prenursing level (2.44 R-T units/100 g). The normal level following 30 minutes nursing was previously determined as 1.66 R-T units/100 g. Since Dibenamine is a potent adrenergic blocking agent and atropine a cholinergic blocking agent, it is suggested cholinergic and adrenergic links are involved in the reflex arc responsible for lactogen discharge from rat pituitary gland. 3) Oxytocin injected i.v. into Nembutal-anaesthetized lactating rats in physiological doses failed to alter pituitary lactogen (2.49 R-T units/100 g) from the control prenursing level. Amounts of oxytocin 30 and 60 x this dose produced bu...