Partner Choice Research Articles

Prosperity Gospel Latinos and Their American Dream by Tony Tian-Ren Lin

Reviewed by: Prosperity Gospel Latinos and Their American Dream by Tony Tian-Ren Lin Justin Michael Doran Tony Tian-Ren Lin, Prosperity Gospel Latinos and Their American Dream (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2020) The intersection of immigration, economic life, and charismatic Christianity has never felt so vital to understanding America as it does in the wake of 2020. Political coalitions have been reforged by the powerful popular response to these issues and these communities. And yet scholars and journalists have worked with a paucity of serious inquiries into the communities at the center of this whirlwind: Latin American immigrants to the United States whose Christian devotion has come to mediate the fraught promises of economic prosperity. Tony Tian-Ren Lin's book, Prosperity Gospel Latinos and Their American Dream, provides this much-needed detail. The study includes deep, qualitative research into three Spanish-speaking congregations in Virginia, California, and New York, bringing them into a single analysis of, as Lin calls them, "Prosperity Gospel Latinos." The reverend Lin immigrated from Argentina and received his doctorate in the sociology of religion, making his insight into these communities both methodologically rigorous and sensitive to the faith of his subjects. The idea that drives Lin's analysis is that "Prosperity Gospel Pentecostal" theology enables Latinos in the United States to experience the meaningful arc of the American Dream despite confronting the serious barriers to realizing it in their lives. Or as Lin puts it, "it keeps [End Page 119] the American dream alive, even when everything around them feels like an American myth or even nightmare" (17). The book is part of the new Where Religion Lives series by University of North Carolina Press, which has the stated goal of publishing accessibly written ethnographies from the discipline of religious studies. It is easy to see why Lin's book was published in the series, as it is exceptionally clear in both prose and argumentation. The book proceeds thematically around the animating, titular argument. It begins with an outline of the three churches and the communities cultivated by their prosperity practices. It then decodes the theological logic operating within these churches, especially those beliefs particular to the prosperity gospel. The following chapter explains how church members come to convert to this Christian devotion, and the final chapter describes the social (particularly the familial) structure that emerges from this devotion. In addition to being well-organized as an ethnography, Lin consistently roots his analysis in human stories that remind the reader that these religious structures are inhabited by real people living complex lives. The second and third chapters of the work (on theology and conversion) are both good candidates for assigning to students, as they would allow real conversation about the meaning this movement has in American society. As an ethnographic study, Prosperity Gospel Latinos and their American Dream is thoroughly humane. That is, Tony Lin treats his subjects compassionately and writes about them seriously. As the most indispensable element of any systematic study of a community, we should regard this work as a success. As a work of scholarship, the book succumbs to several pitfalls of ethnographic studies. Qualitative studies in the sociology of religion occasionally neglect rigorous historical background on the movements that appear in the context of their research, and that is the case here. There is only a cursory historical introduction to the Pentecostal movement that leans toward the synthesizing overviews of Harvey Cox and away from the detailed work of scholars such as Grant Wacker or Cecil Robeck. There are essential gestures to the most important scholars of Latino Pentecostalism—Gastón Espinosa, Daniel Ramirez, Arlene Sánchez-Walsh—but no extended engagement with the questions posed by those scholars. Instead, this is a book engaged with a narrower subset of scholarship within the sociology of religion. Lin's choice of conversation partners has clearly shaped the study—an informant given the pseudonym Gerardo seems like a nod to Gerardo Martí, whose influence is apparent in both the general feel of this study and a back cover blurb. Martí is the author of lucid qualitative studies of multiethnic churches as seen, for example, in A Mosaic of...

도시개발사업의 제도적 미비점과 개선방안

The purpose of this study is to examine the legal issues in terms of Urban Development System driven by the PPP (Public-Private Partnership) and then suggest improvement measures, based on the lessons from Pangyo Daejang Development Project. First, the land development with the condemnation of private properties should be allowed for the public entities in a strictly limited manner. Second, it is needed to regulate how the plotted lots are provided to the home builders and how they are evaluated, desirably following the precedents of Land Development Projects. Third, an independent third-party watchdog is a feasible alternative to control the issues concerning the choice of private partners and the documentation of projects. Fourth, the guidelines not to merge the heterogeneous projects must be stipulated to screen the Joint Developments.

Ant-plant symbioses trade-offs and its role in forest restoration projects

Ant-plant symbioses are complex between-species interactions found only in the tropical environment. Typically, in such symbioses, plants provide housing structures and food to their ant symbionts. In return, the ants protect their plants' host against herbivore attack and additional nutrients to help with plants' growth. These win-win interactions range from facultative to obligate mutualism. This proposal aims to test the three main mechanisms: (1) by-product benefits, (2) partner fidelity feedback and (3) partner choice in stabilising the ant-plant mutualism. Understanding the mechanisms are crucial as they form the foundation of the ant-plant distribution and growth, in other words - the health of the myrmecophyte (ants-loving) trees in the forest ecosystem. Hence, ant-plant symbioses are an ideal model system for investigating the effects of anthropogenic changes, such as deforestation and climate change on the outcome of ant-plant mutualistic interactions. This project attempts to identify the mechanisms regulating the mutualistic interactions and, in particular, identify the context in which such mutualistic interactions evolved and adapt to the changing environment. We hypothesise that there will be a higher diversity of obligate mutualistic ant-plant interactions in the undisturbed environment compared to degraded habitat. Furthermore, we expect there are different complexity of symbioses, involving multiple partners (ants-hemipteran insects-bacteria-fungi-plants) that deepen our understanding of how such symbioses can be stabilised. Finally, the deforestation combined with climate change in Southeast Asia will have a detrimental effect on ant-plant symbioses, causing breakdown of mutualistic partners and invasion of cheater ant species that do not confer a protective advantage to their plants' host.

Queering Sex Work and Mobility

This paper explores the intersections of sex work, mobility, and gendered sexualities through a queer lens. It is based on a study that made use of digital storytelling and WhatsApp to engage 17 migrant and mobile sex workers in South Africa. Through a queering of sex work and migration/mobility analysis, it demonstrates that because sex work is essentially about using one’s body to perform varying sexual acts with different types of people for financial gain, migrant and mobile sex workers are exposed to different ways of experiencing sexual (dis)pleasure. According to the research participants, this can then broaden the body’s erotic vocabulary and expand one’s range of sexual desires, along with their expressions, to the point where it can also have an influence on one’s gendered sexuality and choice of intimate partner. However, the respondents also stressed the integral role movement plays in this evolution of one’s gendered sexuality. Hence, this paper argues for the recognition of migrant and mobile sex work as intrinsically queer and concludes by unpacking the socio-political implications of this in relation to (sexual) citizenship.

Endogamy and relationship dissolution: Does unmarried cohabitation matter?

Previous studies on the role of partner choice in relationship dissolution have shown that exogamous marriages often have higher divorce risks. Yet, given that these studies focus only on marriages, it remains unclear whether the same dynamics can be seen

Cell-type specific transcriptomic signatures of neocortical circuit organization and their relevance to autism.

A prevailing challenge in neuroscience is understanding how diverse neuronal cell types select their synaptic partners to form circuits. In the neocortex, major classes of excitatory projection neurons and inhibitory interneurons are conserved across functionally distinct regions. There is evidence these classes form canonical circuit motifs that depend primarily on their identity; however, regional cues likely also influence their choice of synaptic partners. We mined the Allen Institute’s single-cell RNA-sequencing database of mouse cortical neurons to study the expression of genes necessary for synaptic connectivity and physiology in two regions: the anterior lateral motor cortex (ALM) and the primary visual cortex (VISp). We used the Allen’s metadata to parse cells by clusters representing major excitatory and inhibitory classes that are common to both ALM and VISp. We then performed two types of pairwise differential gene expression analysis: (1) between different neuronal classes within the same brain region (ALM or VISp), and (2) between the same neuronal class in ALM and VISp. We filtered our results for differentially expressed genes related to circuit connectivity and developed a novel bioinformatic approach to determine the sets uniquely enriched in each neuronal class in ALM, VISp, or both. This analysis provides an organized set of genes that may regulate synaptic connectivity and physiology in a cell-type-specific manner. Furthermore, it identifies candidate mechanisms for circuit organization that are conserved across functionally distinct cortical regions or that are region dependent. Finally, we used the SFARI Human Gene Module to identify genes from this analysis that are related to risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our analysis provides clear molecular targets for future studies to understand neocortical circuit organization and abnormalities that underlie autistic phenotypes.

“They Call it Schaec in Flemish”: The Language of Abduction with Marital Intent in the Late Medieval Low Countries

Historians use a wide range of terms to talk about premodern partner choice conflicts, ranging from rape to ravishment and elopement. This variety largely stems from the ambiguity and multivalence of some terms frequently used in medieval England, like the intensely scrutinized term raptus. Through a study of the language used in late medieval legal texts and judicial records from the Low Countries, this article shows that medieval Flemish had a specific term to describe an offense not captured by any other term available, namely schaec. Authorities clearly distinguished between schaec, that is the seizure of women for marriage, and rape, the seizure of women for sex. Yet, the Low Countries’ multilingual legal culture as well as the ambiguity that was inherent to many abductions with marital intent, continued to make it difficult for judges to label the cases they encountered as rape or schaec.

Hearing, touching, and multisensory integration during mate choice.

Mate choice is a potent generator of diversity and a fundamental pillar for sexual selection and evolution. Mate choice is a multistage affair, where complex sensory information and elaborate actions are used to identify, scrutinize, and evaluate potential mating partners. While widely accepted that communication during mate assessment relies on multimodal cues, most studies investigating the mechanisms controlling this fundamental behavior have restricted their focus to the dominant sensory modality used by the species under examination, such as vision in humans and smell in rodents. However, despite their undeniable importance for the initial recognition, attraction, and approach towards a potential mate, other modalities gain relevance as the interaction progresses, amongst which are touch and audition. In this review, we will: (1) focus on recent findings of how touch and audition can contribute to the evaluation and choice of mating partners, and (2) outline our current knowledge regarding the neuronal circuits processing touch and audition (amongst others) in the context of mate choice and ask (3) how these neural circuits are connected to areas that have been studied in the light of multisensory integration.

Spatial turnover of fungi and partner choice shape mycorrhizal networks in epiphytic orchids

Abstract In soils, plants and fungi can form complex mycorrhizal networks allowing nutrient transfers between plant individuals and species. It is less clear, however, whether such networks exist on the bark of trees where epiphytic plant communities thrive in rainforests. Previous work showed that tropical epiphytic orchids especially, harbour symbiotic fungi in their roots, but the structure and determinants of the resulting networks remain unknown at the tree scale. We tested the hypothesis that epiphytic orchids rooted in the same area on the bark share mycorrhizal fungi, regardless of their species (i.e. spatial determinant). For this purpose, we selected the trunk of six trees of two common species in a rainforest and sampled orchid roots, protocorms and surrounding bark. We identified mycorrhizal fungi including Tulasnellaceae using high‐throughput sequencing of the ITS2 marker, and reconstructed orchid–fungus bipartite networks for each tree to analyse their structure and the spatial turnover of this symbiosis. We found that epiphytic orchid communities form antinested and highly modular networks with mycorrhizal fungi spread on the bark. As expected, modules of interactions are explained by their spatial structure, with nearby roots sharing fungi, but also by the orchid species involved. These results reveal the presence of shared mycelial networks in epiphytic habitats, whose roles in the resilience and facilitation of epiphytic plant communities need to be assessed. Synthesis. Tropical tree barks are densely colonized by certain mycorrhizal fungi that can form symbioses in nearby adult and young orchids simultaneously. These mycorrhizal networks may allow water and nutrient transfers to alleviate the stressful conditions of the epiphytic habitats.

International universities-firms cooperation as a mechanism for environmental sustainability: a case study of EdgeWise

PurposeThis study aims to understand in what way international cooperation between universities and/or firms can be seen as a vehicle in the transfer of knowledge and innovation for implementation of environmentally sustainable practices.Design/methodology/approachTo do so, a qualitative approach was adopted, resorting to the case study method: the EdgeWise project. Data were obtained from interviews, documentation provided by partners and observation, and the content analysis technique was also used.FindingsThe results lead to the conclusion that this type of international cooperation is supported by solid dimensions, such as knowledge transfer and appropriate choice of partners. In addition, the dimension related to organisational culture is not considered a barrier in the cooperation process studied here, but rather as a form of learning among partners.Practical implicationsThe empirical evidence suggests that it will add value to the understanding of the various issues surrounding resources (water and energy) that differ from country to country. However, the administrative-bureaucratic dimension is identified as a barrier to this type of cooperation/project, with its analysis being suggested for future studies.Originality/valueThis innovative study shows that the literature and the case study made identified various dimensions; motivations, barriers and drivers, of knowledge transfer, choice of partners and organisational culture. In addition, this study contributes for international universities-firms cooperation in sustainability area.

Instrumental learning of social affiliation through outcome and intention.

To build social ties, humans need to find others who want to interact with them. How do people learn, over time, to interact with partners who want to affiliate with them? Theories of social cognition suggest that people try to infer whether others value them, but theories of instrumental learning suggest that rewarding outcomes reinforce choices. In three studies, we provide evidence that both social acceptance outcomes and cues to a partner's acceptance intentions reinforce social partner choices. Even when outcomes were experimentally dissociated from a partner's intentions, outcomes influenced how people felt, which partners people chose, and how well people believed they were liked by partners. Finally, people acted kindlier both to partners who demonstrated acceptance intentions and to partners who provided acceptance outcomes. These findings support an integrative instrumental learning model of social affiliation, wherein social cognition and rewarding outcomes jointly shape affect, partner choice, and prosocial behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Adding up risks: Sexual debut and substance use among Italian university students.

Adolescence and youth are periods of great changes in an individual's life, during which experiencing first events of the transition to adulthood and, sometimes, violating social norms. Literature has identified an association of risk behaviours with timing of first sexual intercourse, but scant information is available about their relationship with the use of protection or the choice of a casual partner. This study focuses on the relation between initiation of risk behaviours (get drunk and drug use) and initiation of intercourse. Using event history analysis - also in their competing risk form - on data on Italian university students collected in 2000-2001 and in 2017, we intend to verify to what extent the initiation and the timing to risk behaviours is associated with the circumstances of first intercourse (timing, use of protection, type of partner), and if and how initiation to risk behaviours interacts differently with age at sexual debut. Our results show that in a country such as Italy, where family and sexual norms are relatively traditional, young people who got drunk, used marijuana or ecstasy at least one time in their life are more likely to experience risky sexual intercourse.

Aristocrats as Targets of Satire in Cornelius von Ayrenhoff’s Comedies

This article examines three comedies by Cornelius von Ayrenhoff (1733–1819): Der Postzug oder die noblen Passionen (1769), Die große Batterie (1770), and Erziehung macht den Menschen (1785). All three comedies satirize aristocratic characters. The article combines an examination of these comedies within the literary-historical framework of the Austrian adoption and adaptation of J. C. Gottsched’s theater reforms with an analysis of Ayrenhoff’s comedies as literary exemplars of the cultural-historical shift toward the sentimental marriage based on love and free choice of partners, with a pronounced devaluation of socioeconomic factors. The originality of the argument lies in reading Ayrenhoff’s merciless, subversive satire of aristocratic characters as both a reinvigoration and reinterpretation of Gottschedian poetics as well as a means of entertaining cultural-historical anxieties relating both to arranged marriages and to sentimental, love-based marriages.

Attraction and Decision in Choosing a Spouse

The choice of ones partner plays an important role on the functionality of the couple, on the degree of cohesion and on the chances of stability. Theoretically, the choice of the conjugal partner in the contemporary space is a free one, not conditioned by families, material transactions or other types of strategies, that exclude the will of the partners. However, a series of cultural elements assimilated by individuals in their social environments consistently mark their influence in this selection process. Today, the most common criterion regarding the selection of the conjugal partner is that related to homogamy, therefore, the free choice must be understood as a composition with different weights, built from cultural assimilations from the community where the conjugal partner became socialized him and which holds subjective elements specific to personal ideals.
 However, the contemporary space offers the premise of a rethinking of the homogamic principle, its borders being resized and, at the same time, reassembled in a much freer manner. If once upon a time, spatial and cultural proximity influenced the decisions of choosing a spouse, today, virtual space offers the individual the possibility of constructing criteria with a triple advantage: the possibility of choice, independent of the general norm of the cultural community, the unlimited expansion of proximity, the cancellation or reduction of the reference of the community censorship. Today, individuals no longer reproduce the marital functionality learned in their families of origin. Young people build new relationships that correspond to personal ideals and this type of new attitudes increasingly stimulate relational individualism and, by extension, another type of society, that will reduce to a minimum the old claims of social conformity.

Darwin's sexual selection hypothesis revisited: Musicality increases sexual attraction in both sexes.

A number of theories about the origins of musicality have incorporated biological and social perspectives. Darwin argued that musicality evolved by sexual selection, functioning as a courtship display in reproductive partner choice. Darwin did not regard musicality as a sexually dimorphic trait, paralleling evidence that both sexes produce and enjoy music. A novel research strand examines the effect of musicality on sexual attraction by acknowledging the importance of facial attractiveness. We previously demonstrated that music varying in emotional content increases the perceived attractiveness and dating desirability of opposite-sex faces only in females, compared to a silent control condition. Here, we built upon this approach by presenting the person depicted (target) as the performer of the music (prime), thus establishing a direct link. We hypothesized that musical priming would increase sexual attraction, with high-arousing music inducing the largest effect. Musical primes (25 s, piano solo music) varied in arousal and pleasantness, and targets were photos of other-sex faces of average attractiveness and with neutral expressions (2 s). Participants were 35 females and 23 males (heterosexual psychology students, single, and no hormonal contraception use) matched for musical background, mood, and liking for the music used in the experiment. After musical priming, females’ ratings of attractiveness and dating desirability increased significantly. In males, only dating desirability was significantly increased by musical priming. No specific effects of music-induced pleasantness and arousal were observed. Our results, together with other recent empirical evidence, corroborate the sexual selection hypothesis for the evolution of human musicality.

Targeting Valuable Chemical Commodities: Hydrazine-mediated Diels-Alder Aromatization of Biobased Furfurals.

A hydrazine-mediated approach towards renewable aromatics production via Diels-Alder aromatization of readily available, biobased furfurals was explored as alterative to the more classical approaches that rely on reactive but uneconomical reduced dienes (e. g., 2,5-dimethylfuran). To enable cycloaddition chemistry with these otherwise unreactive formyl furans, substrate activation by N,N-dimethyl hydrazone formation was investigated. The choice of the reaction partner was key to the success of the transformation, and in this respect acrylic acid showed the most promising results in the synthesis of aromatics. This strategy allowed for selectivities up to 60 % for a complex transformation consisting of Diels-Alder cycloaddition, oxabridge opening, decarboxylation, and dehydration. Exploration of the furfural scope yielded generic structure-reactivity-stability relationships. The proposed methodology enabled the redox-efficient, operationally simple, and mild synthesis of renewable (p-disubstituted) aromatics of commercial importance under remarkably mild conditions.

Battered by Geopolitical Winds, Bulgaria Struggles to Restart Much Needed Reforms

Battered by Geopolitical Winds, Bulgaria Struggles to Restart Much Needed Reforms

RESEARCH ON THE REGULATION OF MULTI-AGENT'S EMOTION BASED ON MULTI-AGENT'S HETEROGENEOUS GAME PREFERENCE AND BILATERAL PARTNER'S PREFERENCE

Abstract Background The development of virtual enterprise is inseparable from the support of partners. Due to information asymmetry, the choice of virtual enterprise partners is blind, and simple matching formula is difficult to meet. At the same time, the psychology of the matching subject is based on the maximization of its own interests rather than the maximization of collective interests. There are interest contradictions and conflicts between subjects, and they may eventually fall into a “prisoner's dilemma”. Therefore, how to carry out the research on emotion regulation based on multi-agent heterogeneous game preference and bilateral partner preference is very important. Research Objects and Methods Aiming at the contradictions and interest conflicts between subjects in the process of virtual enterprise partner matching, combined with the basic characteristics of subject language preference evaluation, the game idea is introduced into the process of virtual enterprise partner bilateral matching analysis, a bilateral matching game model of heterogeneous multi-attribute preference and subjects' psychological behavior is proposed, and the influence of the changes of subjects' psychological behavior on the evolution law of bilateral matching game system is analyzed, The Nash equilibrium strategy of bilateral matching is discussed. In order to verify the impact of the algorithm on emotion, this study uses relevant scales to investigate. (1) Positive emotion scale. The Panas emotion scale developed by Watson et al. Is widely used to measure emotion. The scale includes two dimensions: positive emotion and negative emotion. There are 6 questions in this dimension, and Likert scores 5 points (1 means “very inconsistent”, 5 means “very consistent”, the same below). The Cronbach coefficient of this questionnaire is 0.90. (2) Motivation. The problem of measuring motivation is mainly the motivation scale compiled by Phan, which has 8 questions and is scored with Likert 5 points. (3) Social support scale. The scale is adapted from the social support scale compiled by Ye Yuemei et al. It has eight questions, using Likert's five points scoring method. Clonbach α the coefficient of the scale is 0.87. (4) Behavioral propensity scale. Propensity dimension in intention measurement. The scale has 6 questions, and Likert scores 5 points. The clonbach coefficient of the scale is 0.95. Results The results of case analysis show that the model can make full use of the multi-attribute preference information of heterogeneous subjects, describe the mechanism of psychological behavior affecting the evolution of game system, and help virtual enterprises match business partners; This has important value and significance for the establishment of virtual enterprises and their industrial agglomeration effect. In the influence process of cooperative anxiety, emotional response plays an intermediary role, psychological elasticity plays a regulatory role, and emotional response to life events plays an intermediary role. That is, the higher the psychological elasticity, the higher the excessive coping style of the game, and vice versa. Conclusion Various stable matching solutions can be obtained by solving the model, and the conclusion is more suitable for the matching decision-making process of both parties in the actual process, which makes the model can be applied to various scenarios, such as the selection of battery suppliers of new energy vehicles and smart phone screen suppliers, which has greater practical value and significance. It should be pointed out that there are some deficiencies in the setting conditions of the model method, mainly because some individuals in the group cooperate to form an alliance, so as to form a community of interests. In the process of game, the individual experience in the group is constrained by more conditions, which makes the results of the model deviate. Acknowledgements Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. LQ20G010005), Zhejiang Provincial Statistical Science Research Project (NO. 21TJQN15) and Natural Science Fund Project of Huzhou City (No. 2018YZ13)

Психологические факторы виктимного поведения женщин в семейных отношениях

The relevance of the study is due to the prevalence of violence and the degree of its public approval. The purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics of the image of a partner in women, depending on the propensity for victim behavior in family relationships, in particular, the entry of women into abusive relationships. A theoretical review of research has shown that there are many forms and types of abusive relationships, one of the most common is violence in the family and in partnerships. It is also shown that parenting styles and parental attitudes are the main forming mechanisms of certain reactions and behavior of the child, which are responsible for the individual characteristics of the functioning of a person in the surrounding and inner world, through the appropriation of parental behavior patterns. The research methods were: A. N. Orel questionnaire (female version); questionnaire T. Leary, as well as a short questionnaire. As a result, it was found that the victim behavior of women in family relationships is largely associated with the choice of partners with dominant characteristics, showing features of aggressiveness and selfishness, which generally corresponds to the traditional gender norm of masculinity. At the same time, women expect more support, care and manifestation of altruism, which is reflected in the image of the ideal partner.

Hadza hunter-gatherers with greater exposure to other cultures share more with generous campmates.

Humans are motivated to compete for access to valuable social partners, which is a function of their willingness to share and ability to generate resources. However, relative preferences for each trait should be responsive to socioecological conditions. Here, we test the flexibility of partner choice psychology among Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania. Ninety-two Hadza ranked their campmates on generosity and foraging ability and then shared resources with those campmates. We found Hadza with greater exposure to other cultures shared more with campmates ranked higher on generosity, whereas Hadza with lower exposure showed a smaller preference for sharing with generous campmates. This moderating effect was specific to generosity-regardless of exposure, Hadza showed only a small preference for sharing with better foragers. We argue this difference in preferences is due to high exposure Hadza having more experience cooperating with others in the absence of strong norms of sharing, and thus are exposed to greater variance in willingness to cooperate among potential partners increasing the benefits of choosing partners based on generosity. As such, participants place a greater emphasis on choosing more generous partners, highlighting the flexibility of partner preferences.