Partner Choice Research Articles

Elección de pareja: implicaciones y complicaciones

Human individualistic loneliness impels us to live as a couple and to achieve male/female complementarity, affection, and reciprocity. The scientific journalism of this article paraphrases the content of its bibliography when reviewing the choice of a partner, its satisfaction and complications and preventive instruction of circumstances that cause rupture. The flaw, since the election, ignores the mechanisms between reason and sexual instinct. The problem of love is not to be loved but to develop such a capacity, since maladjustment and monotony extinguishes it. The elector/chosen act and its simultaneous reasons are described: conscious (homogeneity/heterogeneity of the encounter; emulation of the animal model; type, link dynamics and social networks; sociodemographic aspects; geographic location and accessibility; sexual sharing and immediate/future expectations), and unconscious (election problems, dyadic interaction and parental history; defense mechanisms, exchange of dissociations; idealization; negative reciprocity, power struggle, projective identification, search for appreciation for the other; narcissism, false self, delay/avoidance mechanisms liability, insecurity, trespass and collusion). A healthy couple understands/attends to the creation and maintenance of ""we"", eliminates the power struggle and produces permanent conciliation. Agreement and tolerant understanding are essential for a satisfactory, stable, and lasting emotional relationship. Keywords: Choice of partner; conscious/unconscious reasons; “we”; power struggle; conciliation

Ancestral connections and corporate alliances

This paper studies how culture works as an implicit incentive alignment mechanism in corporate alliances. We measure the ancestral connection between different corporate headquarters places, using historical immigration from different countries to different areas of the U. S. When forming business alliances, the ancestral composition of the area where firms locate plays an important role in their choices of partners and the location of new ventures. Exploiting immigration to U.S. cities induced by WWI and the immigration acts of the 1920s, we find that ancestral connection driven by the supply-push component of historical immigrant inflows is associated with an increase in alliance intensity today. Finally, partnering firms experience significantly better performance when the ancestral connection between their headquarters or between their inventors is stronger. Shared values and beliefs between firms' key stakeholders likely underlie the role of ancestral connection.

Optimal remanufacturing strategies for original equipment manufacturers: partner and mode selection

This study examines a supply chain with three players which are a contract manufacturer (CM), an independent remanufacturer (IR) and an original equipment manufacturer (OEM). The OEM outsources the production process of new products to the CM and enters the remanufacturing market by cooperating with the remanufacturer which can either be the CM or IR through outsourcing or authorization remanufacturing modes. We investigate the OEM's remanufacturing partner choice when the remanufacturing mode is given, and the remanufacturing mode choice when the remanufacturer is selected. We consider profitability and environmental performance as the OEM's decision-making criteria. When the wholesale price of the new product is exogenously determined, we find that cooperating with the remanufacturer that has a lower variable cost is the dominant strategy given a specific remanufacturing mode. When the CM strategically determines the wholesale price of the new product, the OEM should never select the CM as the remanufacturing partner, and the IR is always a preferable remanufacturing partner for the OEM. In addition, both outsourcing and authorization modes are optimal when the CM is the remanufacturer. However, when the IR is the remanufacturer, the OEM should always choose the outsourcing mode.

Emprunts et prêts privés à Moscou, avant que les banques n’existent, 1702

The essay analyzes private borrowing-and-lending in early eighteenth-century Moscow. It challenges any assumption that such interactions primarily involved commercial transactions among merchants and tradespeople; rather, these activities played an important role for Muscovites of all social strata in a developing urban economy. Disparate groups of the population behaved differently from one another when they borrowed and loaned money. Similarities in social status often helped explain individuals’ choice of partners in these transactions. However, men and women also borrowed and lent money across status categories. In examining such economic transactions, the article reveals some informal (if sometimes illegal) practices characteristic of private lending and borrowing in the city of Moscow in the early eighteenth century. Thus, this detailed study of transactions in 1702 demonstrates the existence of an active money market prior to the existence of banks. It also traces some connections between these informal arrangements and more formal financial institutions that followed, with the introduction of the first bank at mid-century.

When worlds collide: The romantic relationship experiences of bisexual‐identifying Asian American men

AbstractRelationships, their processes, and outcomes are shaped by sociocultural norms and practices. The specialty of counseling psychology emphasizes the importance of a holistic understanding of the social context of lived experience as it affects health and well‐being. We used a queer paradigm and an intersectional approach to inquire about the romantic relationship experiences of 15 bisexual‐identifying Asian American men (BIAAM) who were at least 23 years old. In‐depth interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a constructivist grounded theory approach. A recursive process of coding resulted in findings that focused on the influence of gender and bisexual stigma on romantic relationship experiences. Relationship experiences were constructed in the context of White hegemonic masculinity norms requiring the performance of dominance and emotional restriction. Experiences of bisexual stigma included fears of rejection from gay and Asian communities that shaped the choice of partners and disclosure and concealment decisions. BIAAM create and maintain their romantic relationships in a social context that challenges them to straddle socially constructed binaries and hierarchies for performing gender, sexuality, and race. We discuss the implications of the findings for culturally competent and effective intervention.

민법상 근친간 금혼 규정에 대한 헌법적 고찰

On October 27, 2022, the Constitutional Court made a constitutional decision on the Prohibition of marriage within 8th degree blood relative. But, the provision that regards incestuous marriages as uniformly invalid was decided as unconstitutional. This latest decision marks the first major change. However, since the prohibition of marriage between close relatives within the 8th degree of relationship is still valid, the scope is defined according to the scope of kinship under the civil law without reflecting social and temporal changes or international norms. Of course, I think it is fortunate that the provision that regards incestuous marriages that violate the Civil Act as uniformly invalid is decided as unconstitutional. Perhaps the recent decision of the Constitutional Court is in line with the international trend and is the beginning of a change that can faithfully implement the basic rights of the people. Therefore, this study analyzes the recent Constitutional Court decision to examine the legal and institutional meaning of the prohibition of incest marriage and marriage, and grasps implications through comparison and consideration with foreign legislative examples. And the decision of the Constitutional Court is reviewed in terms of the possibility of violating personality rights and the right to pursue happiness as universal human rights, and the possibility of violating the free marriage partner choice. In addition, including a review of the civil law amendment bill currently pending in the National Assembly, opinions are presented on the direction in which the provisions of the civil law for which the Constitutional Court has issued an order to urge legislation can be reasonably amended.

Cooperation and partner choice among Agta hunter-gatherer children: An evolutionary developmental perspective.

Examining development is essential for a full understanding of behaviour, including how individuals acquire traits and how adaptive evolutionary forces shape these processes. The present study explores the development of cooperative behaviour among the Agta, a Filipino hunter-gatherer population. A simple resource allocation game assessing both levels of cooperation (how much children shared) and patterns of partner choice (who they shared with) was played with 179 children between the ages of 3 and 18. Children were given five resources (candies) and for each was asked whether to keep it for themselves or share with someone else, and if so, who this was. Between-camp variation in children's cooperative behaviour was substantial, and the only strong predictor of children's cooperation was the average level of cooperation among adults in camp; that is, children were more cooperative in camps where adults were more cooperative. Neither age, sex, relatedness or parental levels of cooperation were strongly associated with the amount children shared. Children preferentially shared with close kin (especially siblings), although older children increasingly shared with less-related individuals. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding cross-cultural patterns of children's cooperation, and broader links with human cooperative childcare and life history evolution.

Open eco-innovation. Aligning cooperation and external knowledge with the levels of eco-innovation radicalness

The most pressing environmental challenges of our society require radical solutions that would redesign the ways we produce, deliver, and consume goods and services. However, little is known about what actually drives the development of radical eco-innovations. This paper explores the concept of Open Eco-innovation (OEI), an innovation model that leverages external knowledge, resources, and partnerships to enhance internal eco-innovation. Based on the sample of 2 934 Spanish firms from a mixed variety of industries, we demonstrate that an open innovation approach is crucial when firms pursue eco-innovations, particularly when aiming for more radical solutions. Unlike other studies, we show that this importance varies depending on the forms of opening (cooperation vs. sourcing external knowledge), the choice of knowledge partners, and the intended level of eco-innovation radicalness. This paper addresses a gap in understanding the selection of appropriate forms of knowledge sourcing and the choice of knowledge partners for each level of eco-innovation radicalness. Our results also point to a potential mismatch between the importance of open innovation to develop impactful and innovative environmental solutions and a small percentage of organizations adopting this innovation approach.

The psychological influence of dating app matches: The more matches the merrier?

Swipe-based dating apps characteristically provide quantitative social feedback in the form of matches. Surveys suggest a link between dating app success and well-being, but the nature of this correlation has yet to be examined. In an experiment with 125 undergraduate women, we manipulated dating app feedback: When accepting a profile, participants had either a high (27/31) or a low chance (3/31) of receiving matches. We found no effect of chance of matches on women’s loneliness or fear of being single. However, a higher chance of matches led to higher partner choice overload. Furthermore, in those who accepted seven or more profiles, women in the low chance of matches condition reported higher loneliness than women in the high chance of matches condition. This could mean that matches are rewarding for women with a high approach orientation. Manipulating social feedback in a dating app paradigm seems suitable to study the effects of social acceptance and ostracism.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global trade-embodied carbon emissions

We evaluate the response of global supply chains to carbon emissions through compiling multi-regional input-output (MRIO) models for import and export shocks in 14 countries/territories dominated by the COVID-19 crisis. Instead of traditional production-based inventories, we achieve CO2 emissions inventories based on intermediate inputs and final consumption to analyze the connected environmental impacts. In addition, we adopt the available data up to date to construct inventories of carbon emissions involved in imports and exports from different sectors. The results show that global carbon emissions could be decreased by 6.01% during the COVID-19, while export carbon emissions remained basically unchanged. As a result, imported carbon emissions fell by 5.2%, with the energy products sector most affected by the pandemic. Transport sector witnessed 18.42% carbon emission reduction. The impact of developing countries with a large proportion of resource-based industries is comparatively higher than that of developed countries with the technological advantage. International trade plays a crucial role in the choice of supply chain partners to control carbon emissions. Building a sustainable supply chain and reducing the “trade carbon deficit” between countries/regions requires the coordination of all departments of each country/region to promote the trade of energy-saving products, environmental protection services and environmental services.

Who will work together? Factors influencing autonomic group formation in an open learning environment

ABSTRACT Different from the group formation approaches led by teachers, learners’ generative learning objectives and the independent choice of collaborative partners are important in the Internet learning environment. This study takes the cMOOC (connectivist massive open online course) 5.0 “Internet + education: dialogue between theory and practice” as a case course. Data on learners’ interactive behaviours, generative texts, and personal attributes were collected through the course platform and questionnaires. Social network analysis and natural language processing were adopted to build a variety of collaborator relationship networks, and the quadratic assignment procedure was used to reveal the impact of the social, topic and attribute relationships of learners before collaboration on the collaborative relationship. The results show that individuals with close social relations, similar topics, similar age and learning experiences before collaboration are more likely to establish collaborative relationships; among them, close social relations and close ages are the key driving factors affecting the choice of partners. In addition, topic similarity can further promote the establishment of collaborative relationships among individuals with close social relations. The findings will help community-based courses optimise partner recommendation strategies and promote collaborative problem-solving and collective knowledge creation.

Females adopt sexual catalepsy to facilitate mating.

Theory predicts that males and females of dioecious species typically engage in an evolutionary sexual conflict over the frequency and choice of mating partner. Female sexual cannibalism, a particularly dramatic illustration of this conflict, is widespread in certain animal taxa including spiders. Nevertheless, females of some funnel weaving spiders that are generally aggressive to conspecifics enter a cataleptic state after male courtship, ensuring the males can mate without risk of attack. In this study, we demonstrated that the physical posture and duration, metabolites, and central neurotransmitters of females of Aterigena aculeata in sexual catalepsy closely resemble females in thanatosis but are distinct from those in anesthesia, indicating that the courted females feign death to eliminate the risk of potentially aggressive responses and thereby allow preferred males to mate. Unlike the taxonomically widespread thanatosis, which generally represents a deceptive visual signal that acts against the interest of the receivers, sexual catalepsy of females in the funnel weaving spiders may deliver a sexual-receptive signal to the courting males and thereby benefit both the signal senders and receivers. Therefore, sexual catalepsy in A. aculeata may not reflect a conflict but rather a confluence of interest between the sexes.

A marine cleaning mutualism provides new insights in biological market dynamics.

Most mutually beneficial social interactions (cooperation within species, mutualism between species) involve some degree of partner choice. In an analogy to economic theory as applied to human trading practices, biological market theory (BMT) focuses on how partner choice affects payoff distributions among non-human traders. BMT has inspired a great diversity of research, including research on the mutualism between cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus and other marine fish, their 'clients'. In this mutualism, clients have ectoparasites removed and cleaners obtain food in return. We use the available data on L. dimidiatus cleaner-client interactions to identify avenues for future expansion of BMT. We focus on three main topics, namely how partner quality interacts with supply-to-demand ratios to affect service quality, the role of threats and forms of forceful intervention, and the potential role of cognition. We consider it essential to identify the specifics of each biological market as a basis for the development of more sophisticated BMT models. This article is part of the theme issue 'Half a century of evolutionary games: a synthesis of theory, application and future directions'.

Managing Collaborative Risks of Integrated Open-Innovation and Hybrid Stage-Gate Model by Applying Social Network Analysis—A Case Study

It is often argued that efficient collaboration is the key to success. However, research shows that if collaboration is not properly managed, collaborative risks may emerge, threatening business success. Furthermore, research shows that there is a lack of models to support the management of collaborative initiatives in organizations. To address this lack, presented in this work is a model to manage collaborative risks in organizations that work under the open innovation and the hybrid stage-gate development frameworks (two of the most popular collaborative frameworks in product and process development). The model presented in this work is a novel approach to manage collaborative risks in the open innovation and the hybrid stage-gate frameworks, and was developed based on network graph-theory to be used to identify informal collaborative interactions that may lead to the emergence of three major collaborative risks: (1) partner choice risks, (2) task assignment risks, and (3) behavioral risks. The results of the application of the proposed model in a real organizational collaborative context illustrated in the case study show that such collaborative risks can be identified in a timely manner, enabling an organization to efficiently and preventively act to minimize or eliminate the undesired effects of the mentioned collaborative risks.

Partner choice, confounding and trait convergence all contribute to phenotypic partner similarity

Partners are often similar in terms of their physical and behavioural traits, such as their education, political affiliation and height. However, it is currently unclear what exactly causes this similarity—partner choice, partner influence increasing similarity over time or confounding factors such as shared environment or indirect assortment. Here, we applied Mendelian randomization to the data of 51,664 couples in the UK Biobank and investigated partner similarity in 118 traits. We found evidence of partner choice for 64 traits, 40 of which had larger phenotypic correlation than causal effect. This suggests that confounders contribute to trait similarity, among which household income, overall health rating and education accounted for 29.8, 14.1 and 11.6% of correlations between partners, respectively. Finally, mediation analysis revealed that most causal associations between different traits in the two partners are indirect. In summary, our results show the mechanisms through which indirect assortment increases the observed partner similarity.

From “Thoughts on March 8” to “Gap” and “The Sufferings of Liping”: Mate Selection and Marriage in Three Works by Yan’an Authors

Abstract During China’s war with Japan from 1937 to 1945, the Communist-controlled border regions in north China saw an influx of progressive, patriotic youth from other parts of the country, bringing these new arrivals into contact with officials and army officers in the Communist power structure. Marriage was one potential outcome of such interactions, but while offering certain advantages it was often seen as problematic, with questions raised about the motives and methods of the parties involved. Given its sensitive nature, the subject of mate choice could only briefly be explored in literary works before an ideological clampdown was imposed in the late spring and summer of 1942. This article examines the key works that addressed the issue at the time and details the criticisms that followed their publication. It begins with a close reading of the relevant passage in “Sanbajie you gan” (Thoughts on March 8), the famous essay by Ding Ling (1904-86), and goes on to consider two stories by younger Yan’an authors, Ma Jia (1910-2004) and Mo Ye (1918-86), who broached the topics of mate choice and marriage shortly before and after Ding Ling wrote her essay. Together these works, published during the relatively liberal period leading up to the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art, reveal some critical fault lines within the revolutionary coalition. To this article is appended a full translation of Mo Ye’s story “Liping de fannao” (The sufferings of Liping), which vividly depicts a young woman’s struggle to reconcile her choice of marriage partner with her self-image as a progressive woman.

Relational orientation in B2B strategies: Measurement scale development and validation

Firms differ in the degree to which they consider B2B relationships in view of achieving the strategic goals they pursue. We capture this variation through the construct of relational orientation, consequential for the decision making patterns managers are likely to follow, and subsequently to firm’s performance. Despite abundant B2B literature, no measurement scale of the firm’s relational orientation has been made available so far. Our study aims at developing and validating a useful scale for measuring B2B relational orientation. We run a sequence of four studies in order to generate an initial inventory of items, then proceed with assessing the face, content and construct validity. We establish the properties of our scale consisting of three dimensions: value creation and appropriation, choice of partners, and B2B behaviors.

Comparing the Perceptions of Reciprocal- and Near-Peer Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) in Medical Students.

The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is utilized by medical schools to assess students' competency in clinical skills. Literature has shown that first-year students who were tutored by fourth-year students (MS4s; near-peer) in practice OSCEs reported self-perceived improvement in OSCE skills. There is a lack of research regarding the effectiveness of first-year (MS1) pairs for reciprocal-peer practice OSCEs. This study aims to assess if virtual reciprocal-peer OSCEs provide comparable learning opportunities to virtual near-peer OSCEs. MS1 students were assigned to work with a near-peer or a reciprocal-peer for one week, and then switched protocols the second week. One student in each reciprocal-peer pair was assigned to act as a standardized patient (SP). Their partner took a history, interpreted physical exam findings, prepared a note, and gave an oral presentation. The pair then switched roles using a second case. The near-peer group followed the same procedure, without the reversal of roles. A total of 135 MS1s participated in the first week and 129 in the second week.Students agreed that working with a near-peer was more valuable than a reciprocal-peer in the following parameters: peer feedback (N=113, 89%), history-taking skills (N=101, 80%), physical exam skills (N=102, 81%), and note-writing skills (N=109, 89%). Pairwise comparison utilizing Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated participants preferred the choice of a fourth-year student partnerover an MS1 partner (Z=1.436, p<0.001). Participants found working with a near-peer increased confidence in their clinical skills and near-peer feedback was more valuable. Although MS1s found that watching and evaluating their peers in a reciprocal-peer exercise was beneficial, students overwhelmingly preferred working with MS4s due to more valuable feedback.

Parental Interference in Offspring's Mate Choice: Sets of Actions and Counteractions Based on Both Perspectives.

Mate choice in humans is specific by the involvement of kin both in partner choice and in the functioning of the relationship. The influence of relatives ranges from providing advice all the way to arranged marriages. Existing research so far tended to map neither the actual parental interventions and further reactions (counteractions) nor the independently pursued behavior (actions) by which the offspring or their partners assert their interests. This study identified such sets of behaviors through semi-structured individual interviews with members of 20 dyads of adult offspring and their biological parents (five son-mother, five son-father, five daughter-mother, and five daughter-father dyads). Thematic analysis revealed sets of parental actions aimed at the offspring, their partners, and the couple as a whole, as well as further counteractions (reactions to parental interference) and independently pursued behavior (actions) of the offspring and their partners aimed at the parents in the context of the offspring's previous or current relationship. Our findings showed that parental interference differed depending on the recipient: toward the couple were applied mainly indirect and supportive parental actions, whereas when facing their offspring or offspring's partner, parents' actions were more direct and disruptive. Our results thus indicate the importance of reporting about actual interactions which differ from the hypothetical settings used in prior studies by lower intensity. Moreover, by interviewing both members of dyads, we expanded the sets of actions and counteractions identified by prior studies and managed to limit self-reporting bias.

When the chickens come home to roost: The short‐ versus long‐term performance implications of government contracting and supplier network structure

AbstractThe old adage “it is not what you know, but who you know” suggests that in connection(s) lies the key(s) to success. But what does success mean, and for how long will it last? What does the choice of partner, and network connections say about the performance implications of contracting, particularly in the case of a public–private partnership? With countries such as the United States accounting for the world's largest buyer (of any and everything), several suppliers eagerly await their opportunity to contract with large government entities, but is it always a wise decision? Such questions remain largely unexplored and require answers. This research provides answers to these questions by integrating congruence, and network theory to investigate how government contracting impacts private suppliers' financial performance and how suppliers' supply chain network connections moderate this relationship. Results using panel data over several years suggest that while contracting with government bolsters' short‐term financial performance (ROA), it negatively affects long‐term supplier performance (Tobin's Q). In addition, the prominence of a firm's connections (i.e., who they know) and the composition of these connections enhances the performance gains, highlighting the critical role of a firm's network structure on their performance within the contracting relationship. We therefore find that the power of supply chain network connections enhances the short‐term positive effects and mitigates the long‐term adverse effects when contracting with government buyers, as the relationship is not always universally positive.