Major Choice Research Articles

Kesesuaian Pilihan Jurusan dengan Minat Karir Siswa (Studi Deskriptif pada Siswa SMA/MA di Kota Payakumbuh)

This research was motivated by the phenomenon that some students have career interests are not in line with the major in which they live. The purpose of this study was to describe how the match between the choice of majors with career interests of students with descriptive method. The number of samples is 86 students of SMAN 1 Payakumbuh and 77 students of MAN 2 Payakumbuh. The sampling technique using Stratified Random Sampling techniques. The instrument of this research using questionnaires about career interests by using of Holland's theory. Data will be analyzed by classifying the type of personality that tends to lead to the kind personality for science majors and that tends to lead to the social science majors. The next one match majors choice with career interest seen by his personality type. The results of this study are 46.62% of the students have not had a match between the choice of majors with career interests while as many as 53.37% of the students already have a match between the choice of majors with career interests.

The Protective Effect of Chronic Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia on Preventing the Destruction of CD34+ Haematopoietic Stem Cells in Aplastic Anaemia by Modulating the Th1/Th2 Balance.

Aplastic anaemia (AA) is a haematopoietic disorder caused by immune-mediated attack on haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Stem cell transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy remain the major treatment choice for AA patients but have limited benefits and undesired side effects. The aim of our study was to clarify the protective role of immunity of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) and the underlying mechanism in AA. Our integrative analysis demonstrated that CIHH pre-treatment significantly improved haematopoiesis and survival in an AA rat model. We further confirmed that CIHH pre-treatment was closely associated with the Th1/Th2 balance and a large number of negative regulatory haematopoietic factors, such as TNF-α and IFN-γ, produced by hyperactive Th1 lymphocytes released in AA rats, which induced the death program in a large number of CD34+ HSCs by activating the Fas/FasL apoptosis pathway, while CIHH pre-treatment effectively downregulated the expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ, resulting in a reduction in Fas antigen expression in CD34+ HSCs. In summary, this study provides evidence that CIHH has good protective effect against AA by modulating immune balance in Th1/Th2 cells and may provide a new therapeutic strategy.

College major choice and beliefs about relative performance: An experimental intervention to understand gender gaps in STEM

Beliefs about relative academic performance may shape college major choice and explain gender gaps in STEM, but little causal evidence exists. To test whether these beliefs are malleable and salient enough to change behavior, I run a randomized experiment with 5,700 undergraduates across seven introductory STEM courses. Providing relative performance information shrinks gender gaps in biased beliefs substantially. However, students’ course-taking and major choice are largely unchanged. If anything, initially overconfident men and women were discouraged by the intervention. Increasing female STEM participation may require more intensive or targeted intervention.

Waste management developments in the last five decades: Asian perspective.

Solid waste management was explored in Asia's last five decades, and the issues and challenges were identified. Waste generation has increased in all nations in the previous 50 years, although more recently, a declining trend has been observed in Japan and Korea. The composition has been predominantly organic, with 45-50% being kitchen waste. Material extraction and productivity to sustain the most populous part of the globe are explained. Waste management technologies have evolved, with more nations slowly transitioning from landfills to using waste-to-energy options. However, landfilling and open dumps are still the major disposal choice in most developing countries in Asia. Thus, the issues of concern include dumpsites management, the informal sector, waste collection, open burning and food waste. Changes (increasing trends) in the recycling technologies and quantum are evident, as seen in several country reports from India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand and Vietnam. There are several issues and challenges for recycling, which are explored in the text. Lastly, the drivers that propel the whole scenario of waste management in Asia and the evolution of these drivers over time are discussed. Several recommendations are included to achieve sustainable waste management in Asia.

Pathways of Peer Influence on Major Choice

Abstract Peers influence students’ academic decisions and outcomes. For example, several studies with strong claims to causality demonstrate that peers affect the choice of and persistence in majors. One remaining issue, however, has stymied efforts to translate this evidence into actionable interventions: the literature has not grappled adequately with the fact that in natural settings, students typically select most of their peers. The bulk of causal evidence for peer influence comes from exogenously assigned peers (e.g., roommates) because peer effects are easier to identify in such cases. However, students do not form their most important ties for the convenience of scientific inference. In order to link theory and practice, we need to understand which peers are influential. We employ longitudinal, multiplex network data on students’ choices of and persistence in their majors from 1260 students across 14 universities to identify likely causal pathways of peer influence via self-selected peers. We introduce time-reversed analysis as a novel tool for addressing some selection concerns in network influence studies. We find that peers with whom a student reports merely spending time, rather than—e.g., close friends, study partners, esteemed peers—consistently and potently influence their college major choice.

Preparing for the STEM Pathways? Dual Enrollment and College Major Choice in STEM

ABSTRACT Guided by the STEM pathway model, our study hypothesizes that dual enrollment can serve as an effective strategy to improve and equalize college students’ access to STEM programs. We analyzed a nationally representative dataset to disaggregate the influence of dual enrollment course-taking (i.e. participation, dual credits in Math/Science, number of dual credits) on students’ STEM major selection, with a focus on traditionally underrepresented students in STEM. We found that taking dual enrollment courses in general is positively associated with the probability of majoring in STEM, especially at the baccalaureate level. However, taking dual enrollment courses in Math/Science is not associated with the probability of majoring in STEM when compared with students with no dual enrollment courses in Math/Science. The relationship between dual enrollment course-taking and STEM outcomes varies across different student background groups: It is consistently positive for students of higher household income to major in STEM but not statistically significant for low-income students. We discussed practical implications and future research with a focus on the role dual enrollment plays in advancing postsecondary STEM access.

An Analysis of Factors Influencing Chinese University Students’ Major Choice from the Perspective of Gender Differences

Higher education attainment is a focus of gender differences research. However, little is known about differences in university students’ major choices at the same level of higher education in China’s education hierarchy. Based on a web survey of 1164 undergraduate students in China’s broad enrollment context, this study uses Wenjuanxing to collect information by posting questionnaires on social media platforms and analyzes the impact of gender differences on the major choices of finance and economics undergraduates by using the Linear Discriminant Model (LDM). Moreover, this study explores the differential impact of income level, urban–rural settings, and regional differences on university students’ major choices. This study finds that female students are approximately 2.62 times more likely than male students to choose applied majors (such as accounting, financial management, auditing, international business, and so on), a gap that is more pronounced in high-income families and Eastern regions. In addition, in rural areas, female students have a higher probability of choosing applied majors than male students. These findings indicate that in China’s broad discipline enrollment model, gender differences still significantly affect students’ major choices, and female students are more likely to enter applied majors than their male counterparts.

Research on the Influence of Peer Relationship on Students ' Major Choice from the Perspective of Nudge Theory

With the emphasis on education, professional choice has attracted more and more attention. The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of peer relationship on professional choice, which has important theoretical and practical significance. First of all, this study is based on the questionnaire of influencing factors of professional choice and through the questionnaire survey data, the influence direction of peer relationship on students ' professional choice is preliminarily judged. Secondly, based on the nudge theory, the theoretical analysis framework of peer communication affecting students ' professional choice is constructed. Finally, the research conclusions are drawn and relevant suggestions are put forward.

Information intervention on long-term earnings prospects and the gender gap in major choice

Abstract This study investigates whether an intervention that provided high school seniors with information on costs and economic returns to tertiary education and on the long-term earnings prospects of college graduates from different study fields enhances the probability that male and female students opt for financially more rewarding study fields and for business-related or STEM fields with a lower share of women. It extends our understanding on the potentials of information interventions for reducing gender segregation in tertiary education. We draw on a field experiment in one German federal state, Berlin, which included a randomized information intervention, and analyse longitudinal data from 1,036 students in schools with a high share of less privileged students. Our results show that a short and low-cost information intervention on costs and returns to college education, including returns in different fields of study, can substantially reduce women’s enrolment in care/social subjects, increase their enrolment in other, non-technical fields while also increasing men’s enrolment in technical fields with above-average earnings. The overall effects appear limited in challenging the gender-typicality of enrolment choices, as students tend to choose more profitable majors while avoiding gender-atypical fields.

Making Meaning of Inanimate Objects as Characters in The Blue Umbrella (2013)

This study aims to reveal deeper and different meaning of an inanimate object, specifically umbrella, from naked eye's perspective in The Blue Umbrella Film. The Blue Umbrella Film, an animated short film directed by Saschka Unsled, employs inanimate objects as the characters as seen through the distinct human's facial expression painted on the black, blue, and red umbrellas To pursue the aim of this study, qualitative method was conducted together with Saussure's semiotic theory. The results showed that the black umbrellas signified as the majorities, while the blue and red umbrellas signified as the minorities. The black umbrellas also signified as a group of office workers as well as members of Sexual and Gender Majority. On the other hand, the blue and the red umbrellas signified as the members of Sexual and Gender Minority. In short, the movie highlights an encouraging message that it is okay to be different from the majority's choice.

Optimization and Comparative Analysis of Different CCUS Systems in China: The Case of Shanxi Province

As an effective technology to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology has been a major strategic choice and has received widespread attention. Meanwhile, the high cost and strict requirements of carbon dioxide storage and utilization on geographical conditions, industrial equipment, and other aspects limit large-scale applications of CCUS. Taking Shanxi Province as an example, in this paper, we study the economic and environmental characteristics of carbon dioxide capture, storage, and utilization under different combinations of technical routes. Steel, power, cement, and chemical industries are considered. Deep saline aquifers and CO2-enhanced coalbed methane (CO2-ECBM) recovery are selected as the two types of sequestration sinks. Urea production, methanol production, microalgae cultivation, and cement curing are selected as the four potential utilization methods. Then, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is used to optimize the CO2 utilization pathway based on the principle of least cost, to select the best emission sources, CO2 pipelines, intermediate transportation nodes, utilization, and storage nodes to achieve reasonable deployment of CCS/CCU projects in Shanxi Province. The results show that CCU with urea production has the lowest cost and is the most economically viable with over 50% reduction in emissions. The second option is CCS which includes CO2-ECBM and achieves a 50% reduction in emissions. In addition, there is little difference between the cost of cement-cured CCU and that of methanol-produced CCU. CCU for microalgae cultivation has the highest cost. Therefore, the latter three utilization pathways are currently not economical.

The effect of digital marketing communications on Adit Sopo Jarwo's animation brand awareness and brand reputation through children's educational content

<p><em> Indonesian animation should be able to compete with foreign animation, but in fact the broadcast of Indonesian animation in Indonesia is still inferior, especially on national television. To keep up with overseas animation, especially in the national market, there needs to be a creative strategy in marketing these local animations to increase brand awareness and a good brand reputation so that Indonesian animation can be a major choice for animation shows, as MD Animation does by utilizing the technology. Social media is a means of presenting educational content to children to increase the brand awareness and reputation of their product, the Adit Sopo Jarwo animation. This study aims to find out the effect of digital marketing communication on Adit Sopo Jarwo's brand awareness and animation reputation through child education content, a survey was conducted on followers of @mdanimation's Instagram account. In this study, the theory used is digital marketing communication theory, brand awareness, brand reputation and stimulus, organism, and response (SOR) theory, which is to see how the response from the audience affects brand reputation. This study used a positivist paradigm with a quantitative approach and used survey research methods and data analysis techniques using path analysis. The samples used in this study were 387 respondents with sample determination using purposive sampling. The results of this study were obtained in that digital marketing communication was shown to have a direct and significant influence on brand reputation. In addition, the results of the analysis with the Sobel test show the influence of the brand awareness variable as an intervening variable between the digital marketing communication variable and the brand reputation, so it can be said that the indirect effect or indirect influence is significant. </em><strong></strong></p>

Breast cancer immunotherapy: a comprehensive review.

Cancer remains a major health problem despite numerous new medical interventions that have been introduced in recent years. One of the major choices for cancer therapy is so-called adoptive cell therapy (ACT). ACT can be performed using both innate immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and γδ T cells and acquired immune T cells. It has become possible to utilize these cells in both their native and modified states in clinical studies. Because of considerable success in cancer treatment, ACT now plays a role in advanced therapy protocols. Genetic engineering of autologous and allogeneic immune cells (T lymphocytes, NK cells, macrophages, etc.) with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) is a powerful new tool to target specific antigens on cancer cells. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US has approved certain CAR-T cells for hematologic malignancies and it is hoped that their use can be extended to incorporate a variety of cells, in particular NK cells. However, the ACT method has some limitations, such as the risk of rejection in allogeneic engrafts. Accordingly, numerous efforts are being made to eliminate or minimize this and other complications. In the present review, we have developed a guide to breast cancer (BC) therapy from conventional therapy, through to cell-based approaches, in particular novel technologies including CAR with emphasis on NK cells as a new and safer candidate in this field as well as the more recent aptamer technology, which can play a major role in BC immunotherapy.

국내 국·공립대학교의 교양교육 체계 및 전공 자유 선택 제도 탐색 연구

The purpose of this study is to explore the current state of the liberal arts education system of national and public universities in Korea, as well as department of free major as a major free choice system. National and public universities are in a situation where they must reflect the trend of the times and the demand for education while pursuing the nature and academic identity of education. This study aims to examine the liberal arts curriculum and organizational system, and the system for autonomy in searching and selecting majors of national and public universities in Korea. For the study, the latest data were investigated based on the university catalogs and school website released by national and public universities in Korea from April to July 2023. As a result of the study, the operation status and cases of the liberal arts curriculum and major free choice system of domestic national and public universities were presented, and the commonalities and differences were confirmed. Through this study, it will be possible to identify trends in the liberal arts curriculum and major selection system of domestic national and public universities and to seek future educational development directions.

고교생의 졸업 후 진로계획 및 대학전공 설정과 학업성취도 간의 관계분석

In this study, we investigated the relationship between high school students’ post-graduation career plans, college major choices and academic achievement. Drawing upon data from the first and second years of the Korean Education and Employment Panel II, we explored the relationship between students' post-graduation career plans, their choice of college major during the second year of high school, and their academic achievement in the third grade utilizing multiple regression approaches.
 The findings revealed a positive correlation between college aspiration during the second year of high school and higher academic achievement in the third year of high school. Students who set specific goals for college admission demonstrated a better academic performance compared to those who did not. Conversely, no statistically significant relationship is observed between college major choices during the second year of high school and their academic achievement in the third 3rd year of high school.
 Based on these results, it is confirmed that the aspiration to pursue college among high school students is positively related to academic achievement, serving as a motivating factor for individuals. Therefore, the findings of this study underscores the significance of goal-setting during the high school years, thereby the importance of career education and counseling. The findings of this research also have policy implications, highlighting the need to prioritize goal-setting among high school students and provide adequate support for students’ career development.

Occupations, retirement, and the value of disability insurance

Occupations vary greatly in physical intensity, and there are, correspondingly, many differences in later-life work disability risk, retirement patterns, and applications for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)—a national program that insures shocks to work productivity due to disability, with about nine million current beneficiaries in the U.S. In light of its widespread coverage and large differences in utilization across occupations, this paper aims to measure the value of the SSDI program across a broad population and the extent to which it influences the major choice of occupation. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study and O*NET, I estimate a life-cycle equilibrium model of occupational choice, work, savings, and disability at older ages, and find that incorporating occupations and preference heterogeneity is an integral part of understanding work and SSDI application behavior. While SSDI coverage is nearly universal and the premiums from workers are uniform, estimates suggest that the value of the program varies greatly, from being worth 2.1 to 14.5 percent of earned income—depending on preferences and choice of occupation—though for all groups it is welfare improving. I also find that SSDI plays an important role in the choice of occupation for older workers, providing an insurance value that results in over ten percent more people choosing physically intense, blue-collar occupations at older ages. This overall effect, however, masks the underlying selection of less risk-averse individuals into blue-collar jobs, which, if not accounted for, would lead to overstating the effects of the SSDI program on behavior. A counterfactual experiment aimed at eliminating the distortion created by uniform SSDI tax rates shows that—even without any additional employer accommodation of disabled workers—occupation-specific tax rates lead to fewer aggregate work-disabled years.

Analysis of Major Selection Under the Background of Enrollment in Large Category

By using questionnaire survey and Logit regression analysis, this paper explores the influencing factors of students' major choice under the background of enrollment in large category, and draws the following conclusions: personal professional endowment, family, teacher guidance and major construction level have significant influence on students' major choice, and there are great differences between comprehensive universities and local professional universities. Some suggestions are put forward in shaping personal qualities and environment, strengthening professional construction, and expanding the space for professional selection.

Factors affecting major choice of medical students in Azerbaijan

Studying the factors which influence the high school students’ major has become one of the frequent examined issues. This shows how important and interesting the findings are for different parties involved. To tackle the issue and find out the situation in Azerbaijan, around 700 first year students from 4 different programs studying the Azerbaijan Medical University were surveyed to get a look at how the decisions are made, by what and how much they are affected. A self-administered questionnaire was developed after carefully studying the already used questionnaires and factors for understanding the viewpoint of medical students in Azerbaijan. Factors like “wish to help society” and “job opportunities” were noticed to be very effective on the major choice of the students. “Parent’s suggestion” was following with its less but also considerable influence level.

코로나-19 상황 하에서 대학 신입생의 대학생활적응과 중도탈락의도에 영향을 미치는 요인

Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the effect of freshman's major selection motivation and major satisfaction on college life adjustment and dropout intention in the difficult crisis situation of COVID-19. Methods Subject's general characteristics, major selection motivation, major satisfaction, college life adjustment, and dropout intention were investigated. The collected data were post-test using SPSS 22.0, Independent t-test, One-way ANOVA and Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, was analyzed by multiple regression. Results The motivation for choosing a major, satisfaction with major, and adaptation to college life had a positive relationship with each other, and motivation for major choice, satisfaction with major, and adaptation to college life had a negative relationship with intention to drop out. Adaptation to college life had a significant positive effect on major choice motivation and major satisfaction, and dropout intention was significant with intrinsic motivation for major choice motivation, cognitive satisfaction with major satisfaction, subject satisfaction, environmental adaptation and career adjustment for college life adjustment. There was a talisman influence. Conclusions Therefore, when choosing a college major, students make their own choices in consideration of their aptitudes and aptitudes. After entering the chosen university and department, they are encouraged to improve their satisfaction with their major through credit management and self-development, and to improve their social status and adapt well to the university environment. It is thought that the intention to drop out halfway can be reduced if a systematic system is prepared to help and set up a career and employment related to the major after graduation.

대학 진로교육⋅서비스 경험 유형 분석 및 진로미결정과의 관계 탐색

Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze the latent classes of career education/service experience(CESE) in universities and their effect on career indecision(CI). Methods Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify the classes of CESE for 3,296 students in the Korea Education & Employment Panel II (KEEPII) 5th year data. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore variables affecting latent classes, and the chi-square test was conducted to examine the relationship between latent classes and career indecision. Results The key findings are as follows. First, the classes of CESE were divided into three groups: ‘overall high experience’ (OHE) (6.4%), ‘medium experience focused on counseling and lecture’ (MECL) (38.2%), and ‘overall low experience’ (OLE) (55.4%). Second, the results of multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that self-awareness, department pride, and enrollment had positive effects in OHE, but that 4 to 6 year course had a significant negative effect. In MECL, enrollment had a positive effect, while a 4 to 6 year course had a negative effect. The chi-square test between the latent classes and career indecision showed that the rates of future job decision of OHE and MECL were significantly higher than that of OLE. Conclusions The study found that career education/service experience(CESE) in universities support was positive for students' career decisions, suggesting that efforts and balanced support are essential to expand career education and service participation at the university department level to increase students' career choice efficacy and major choice satisfaction.