Chinese Spirit Research Articles

The Construction of College English Online Teaching from the Perspective of Ideological and Political Education

Developing ideological and political education in online course is significant in implementing the fundamental task of cultivating talents with morality in the online teaching environment. College English should emphasize the ideological and political education based on inheriting Chinese spirit and culture while adhering to English language learning. This paper explores how to integrate ideological and political elements into online teaching design, and how to optimize the online teaching to promote College English course effectively.

A Fast, Straightforward and Inexpensive Method for the Authentication of Baijiu Spirit Samples by Fluorescence Spectroscopy

The Chinese spirit baijiu is currently the world’s bestselling spirit, with more than ten billion liters sold in 2018. This is a figure that puts its sales higher than whiskey, vodka, gin, and tequila combined. The multitude of baijiu varieties available in the market differ in several ways ranging from aging to the traditional artisanship involved in producing the final spirit to several other features, including the rarity of the bottle. A result of these differences is a wide distribution of prices for the various baijiu products. Consequently, a single bottle of baijiu can cost anywhere from a few dollars, up to thousands of US dollars. The price differences among the various baijiu spirits necessitate the existence of reliable scientific methods that can efficiently differentiate and authenticate the qualities of baijiu spirits. In addition, the existence of such methods facilitates the prevention of counterfeit sales of the final product. Considering this, we introduce an analytical chemistry method that distinguishes amongst different baijiu spirits based on fluorescence spectroscopy. Its attributes include the low cost and convenience that allows analysis either before or while the spirit is in the market. Our work herein focuses on the analysis of thirty different varieties of baijiu spirits from six different distilleries from East Asia and North America by fluorescence emission spectroscopy, which is associated to the price of the product. For the analysis, we employed a HORIBA FLUOROLOG 3 (HORIBA—Jobin Yvon) spectrometer. Major advantages of this method include the low cost, as no consumables except a quartz reusable cuvette are required, the minimal waste, and finally the quick processing of data.

Protective effects of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos against acute alcoholic liver injury in rats based on network pharmacology

This study aims to explore underlying mechanism of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(LJF) in protecting rats against acute alcoholic liver injury(ALI) based on mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) pathway. First, the targets of LJF in preventing ALI were predicted by network pharmacology and the component-target-pathway network was constructed, so that the key targets of LJF components acting on MAPK pathway were screened. Second, male SD rats were randomized into the control(KB) group, model(MX) group, positive(YX) group, and LJF high-(GJ), medium-(ZJ), and low-(DJ) dose groups. Each administration group was given(ig) corresponding drugs for 7 days and KB group and MX group received(ig) equal volume of distilled water every day. Except for KB group, rats were given Chinese spirit(56%, 3 days) for ALI modeling. The levels of aspartate transaminase(AST), alanine transaminase(ALT), interleukin-6(IL6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in serum and malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione(GSH), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in liver tissue of rats in each group were detected. Furthermore, we employed quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) to probe the effects of LJF on the key targets of MAPK pathway in ALI rats. A total of 28 active components of LJF were screened from TCMSP database, and 317 intersected with ALI-related targets. According to Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, the 317 targets involved 226 pathways, which were mainly liver disease, inflammation, immunity, apoptosis and other related pathways. According to the MAPK pathway-target-active component network, the key active components of LJF, such as chlorogenic acid, hederagenol, and hyperoside, acted on 25 key targets of MAPK pathway. The results of in vivo experiments showed decreased levels of AST, ALT, and MDA in DJ, ZJ, and GJ groups(P<0.01 or P<0.05), reduced levels of IL6 in DJ and GJ groups(P<0.01 or P<0.05), and improved levels of SOD and GSH in ZJ and GJ groups(P<0.01 or P<0.05). The results of qRT-PCR demonstrated that the expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4(MAPK2 K4) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3(MAPK3) were decreased in DJ, ZJ, and GJ groups(P<0.01). The network pharmacology and experimental verification showed that the active components in LJF can reduce the inflammatory factor level and enhance the activities of SOD and GSH-Px by inhibiting the expression of key targets of MAPK pathway, thus alleviating and preventing liver damage caused by alcohol.

Barrier Properties and Hydrophobicity of Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid) Composites Reinforced with Recycled Chinese Spirits Distiller's Grains.

Adding natural biomass to poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a reinforcing filler is a way to change the properties of PLA. This paper is about preparing PLA/biomass composites by physically melting and blending Chinese Spirits distiller’s grains (CSDG) biomass and PLA to optimize the composite performance. Composites of modified PLA (MPLA) with varying amounts of CSDG were also prepared by the melt-mixing method, and unmodified PLA/CSDG composites were used as a control group for comparative analysis. The functional groups of MPLA enhanced the compatibility between the polymer substrate and CSDG. The composite water vapor/oxygen barrier and mechanical properties were studied. It was found that the barrier and mechanical properties of MPLA/CSDG composites were significantly improved. SEM was adopted to examine the tensile section structure of the composites, and the compatibility between the filler and the matrix was analyzed. An appropriate amount of CSDG had a better dispersibility in the matrix, and it further improved the interfacial bonding force, which in turn improved the composite mechanical properties. X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry were conducted to determine the crystalline properties and to analyze the stability of the composites. It was found that the CSDG content had a significant effect on the crystallinity. Barrier and biodegradation mechanisms were also discussed.

Investigation and risk assessment of ethyl carbamate in Chinese Baijiu

Since Baijiu, a traditionally distilled Chinese spirit, is widely consumed, the health risks of the ethyl carbamate (EC) content are of significant concern. To assess the EC content and evaluate dietary exposure risk to Chinese Baijiu, 2039 Baijiu samples, including 715 Strong-flavor Baijiu (SFB), 702 Jiang-flavor Baijiu (JFB), and 622 Light-flavor Baijiu (LFB), were collected from 16 provinces. The mean EC concentration was 62.26 μg/L, ranging from n.d. to 382.33 μg/L. Moreover, SFB exhibited higher EC content (113.94 μg/L) than JFB (58.10 μg/L) and LFB (12.02 μg/L). The EC content varied between different geographic areas and was especially evident between East China and other regions. Based on Baijiu consumption data, the daily exposure to EC was calculated as 40 ng/kg bw/day for regular consumers, while SFB drinkers displayed a higher intake (73.2 ng/kg bw/day). The margin of exposure (MOE) indicated that the EC in SFB and JFB posed various health risks, necessitating the development of stricter supervision while reducing consumption to regulate the EC level in SFB and JFB. In addition, this study identified safe drinking limits for consumers, recommending 0.46 L/month for SFB, 0.96 L/month for JFB, and 4.66 L/month for LFB.

Research on Emotion Analysis of Chinese Literati Painting Images Based on Deep Learning.

Starting from a pure-image perspective, using machine learning in emotion analysis methods to study artwork is a new cross-cutting approach in the field of literati painting and is an effective supplement to research conducted from the perspectives of aesthetics, philosophy, and history. This study constructed a literati painting emotion dataset. Five classic deep learning models were used to test the dataset and select the most suitable model, which was then improved upon for literati painting emotion analysis based on accuracy and model characteristics. The final training accuracy rate of the improved model was 54.17%. This process visualizes the salient feature areas of the picture in machine vision, analyzes the visualization results, and summarizes the connection law between the picture content of the Chinese literati painting and the emotion expressed by the painter. This study validates the possibility of combining deep learning with Chinese cultural research, provides new ideas for the combination of new technology and traditional Chinese literati painting research, and provides a better understanding of the Chinese cultural spirit and advanced factors.

Fluorescent sensor based on quantum dots and nano-porphyrin for highly sensitive and specific determination of ethyl carbamate in fermented food.

Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a potentially toxic carcinogen produced during fermentation and storage of fermented foods, and many countries have set thresholds for its content in food. Therefore, sensitive, rapid and accurate detection of EC is meaningful to ensure the quality of fermented food. This study introduces a CdTe quantum dots/nano-5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-methoxyphenyl)-porphyrin (nano TPP-OCH3 ) fluorescence sensor system detection of EC. The specificity of this sensing mainly relies on a photo-induced electron transfer and electrostatic force interaction between EC and nano TPP-OCH3 . This sensor presented a linear range of 10 to 1000 μg L-1 (R2 =0.9903) with a low detection limit of 7.14 μg L-1 . Meanwhile, the recovery (91.19-101.09%) and precision [relative standard deviation (RSD)=0.64-3.05%] of the sensor for the analysis of fermented food (yellow rice wine, soy sauce, Chinese spirits, Pu-erh tea) samples were good and could meet the requirements of practical detection. Moreover, the detection results of fermented food (yellow rice wine, soy sauce, Chinese spirits, Pu-erh tea) samples by this sensor are basically consistent with those of high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). This method was expected to provide a potential platform for sensitive and accurate detection of EC in food safety monitoring, which would provide knowledge of the flavor and quality related to fermented food. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

A KECA identification method based on GA for E-nose data of six kinds of Chinese spirits

In order to improve the correct identification rate of six types of Chinese spirits using electronic nose (E-nose), the Kernel entropy component analysis (KECA) identification method combined with Genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed. Firstly, integral value (INV), relative steady-state average value (RSAV) and wavelet energy value (WEV) were extracted and employed to represent the E-nose data. Secondly, radial basis function (RBF) was selected as the kernel function, then the kernel parameter η of RBF was optimized by the matrix similarity measurement method and the GA. The corresponding optimized kernel parameter η was 16.8608 (matrix similarity measurement) and 67.9039 (GA), respectively. When the first 125 kernel entropy components were selected for Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA), the correct identification rate of FDA (KECA + FDA) combined with GA were 97.62 % and 98.81 % for the training set and testing set, respectively; the correct identification rate of FDA (KECA + FDA) combined with matrix similarity measurement were 93.58 and 91.67 % for the training set and testing set, respectively. Therefore, the kernel parameter η determined by GA was significantly better than that of matrix similarity measurement. Finally, the correct identification rate of FDA and KECA + FDA was compared, and the results of FDA were only 82.14 % and 79.92 % for the training set and testing set, respectively. The identification results of FDA were far worse than that of KECA + FDA. The KECA + FDA method combined with GA was suitable for the identification of the six types of Chinese spirits by E-nose.

Elucidating oxidation-based flavour formation mechanism in the aging process of Chinese distilled spirits by electrochemistry and UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS

The oxygen-based oxidation process is leading toward the understanding of the flavour formation mechanism of aged Baijiu. However, the oxygen-based oxidation process in Baijiu aging is difficult to explore because of (1) the composition of Baijiu produced in different batches varies a lot and (2) the spontaneous oxidation needs several years or even decades to occur. Hence, the flavour formation mechanism of Baijiu aging was investigated using electrochemistry and UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS, which enabled us to solve the two difficulties above. The oxidation reaction on gold surface could accelerate Baijiu aging by catalyzing the transformation from alcohols to acids. Although natural aging contributed more diverse compound changes to Baijiu, the oxygen-based oxidation process during natural aging was similar to that in the electrochemical oxidation as a whole. This study provides new insights to flavour formation mechanism of aged liquors and provides a new way for liquor-related enterprises to optimise the aging process.

Simultaneous quantification of bioactive components in Chinese herbal spirits by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC\u2013QQQ\u2013MS/MS)

BackgroundThe Chinese medicinal wine made from herbal medicines became prevalent among Chinese people. The Chinese herbal spirit is composed of several herbal extracts, and has the certain health functions, such as anti-fatigue and immune regulation. The quality evaluation of Chinese herbal spirit is greatly challenged by the enormous and complex components with great structural diversity and wide range of concentration distribution.MethodsAn ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method was developed to simultaneously determine forty-three bioactive components in the Chinese herbal spirits produced by year 2014 and 2018.ResultsQuantitative results showed that 11 components, i.e.., puerarin (5), purpureaside C (7), daidzin (8), echinacoside (9), acteoside (15), epimedin B (22), epimedin C (23), icariin (24), eugenol (27), chikusetsusaponin iva (30) and Z-ligustilide (40), significantly decreased along with the increasing years of storage, while 5 compounds, i.e.., geniposidic acid (1), protocatechuic acid (2), crustecdysone (14), daidzein (18) and icariside I (35), were basically stable in all samples across the years.ConcusionThe established method allowing to simultaneously determined 43 components with wide structural diversity and trace amounts will facilitate the quality control research of Chinese herbal spirits.

Humanity in Science Fiction Movies: A Comparative Analysis of Wandering Earth, The Martian and Interstellar

Wandering Earth, released in 2019, is regarded as a phenomenal film that opens the door to Chinese science fiction movies. The Chinese story in the film has aroused the resonance of domestic audiences, but failed to get high marks on foreign film review websites. In contrast, in recent years, science fiction films in European and American countries are still loved by audiences at home and abroad, such as The Martian and Interstellar, which have both commercial and artistic values. It can be seen that the cultural communication of western science fiction movies is more successful than that of China. Taking the above three works as examples, this paper analyzes the doomsday plot, the beauty of returning home and the role shaping of scientific women in science fiction movies from the perspective of the organic combination of “hard-core elements of science fiction” and “soft value in humanity”, in an attempt to help the foreign cultural communication of domestic science fiction movies. As an attempt to facilitate the global development of Chinese science fiction, this paper concludes that certain Chinese traditional cultural spirit needs further spreading, that Chinese science fiction and humanity should be combined in a more natural way, and that in particular, female character need in depth and multi-dimensional interpretation.

Promoting the Spirit of China and Boosting the Construction of New Qinghai

The Chinese spirit profoundly represents the realistic logic of China’s politics, economy, culture, society, ecology, party building and other aspects, and its existence enhances the internal motivation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese people. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and in the face of new development environment and opportunities and challenges, the Party Central Committee attaches great importance to the new development of socialist spiritual civilization, and the spirit of China has been given a complete definition and connotation and brought to a new level of development. The Chinese spirit shows multiple values in the process of integrating into the construction of Qinghai, which not only promotes the inheritance of excellent traditional culture, promotes the practice of socialist core values, promotes the realization of sustainable development of ecological civilization, but also promotes the high-quality development of Qinghai economy. The new Qinghai spirit formed concisely on the basis of the Chinese spirit is the spiritual motivation to guide us to build a new Qinghai.

Elucidating metal ion-regulated flavour formation mechanism in the aging process of Chinese distilled spirits (Baijiu) by electrochemistry, ICP-MS/OES, and UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS.

Elucidating the organometallic interactions in Baijiu will promote a deeper understanding of the flavour formation mechanism during Baijiu aging. However, the organometallic interactions during aging are difficult to explore because the concentration and status of metals in Baijiu samples are affected by other substances (such as organic acids), and the concentrations of these substances also change dynamically. Hence, the flavour formation mechanism of aged Baijiu was investigated based on a multi-method analysis (i.e. electrochemistry, ICP-MS/OES, and UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS), which enabled us to solve the difficulty above. The key finding is that, in the aging period, the organic acids induce the transformation of the metal ion state from the complex state to the free state. As a result, the flavour compound (i.e. the esters) contents in aged Baijiu are regulated by the free metal ion-catalyzed reactions.

Parametric Design Techniques Apply to Creative Hollow out Product Design with 3d Voronoi Patterns

The creation of hollow out art includes a variety of materials, techniques and categories, its content mostly emphasizes the ancient philosophy performance of the alternation of virtual and real, and Yin-Yang depends on the essence of Chinese culture deduction. If this feature is applied to product design, in addition to emphasizing functional orientation, this traditional arts integration with the new media, will give users a different visual inspire. This thesis is mainly in view of the importance of hollow out art in Chinese cultural heritage, and the 3D hollow out production craft has gradually lost. Therefore, the Delaunay triangle is constructed based on the Convex Hull interpolation algorithm, and the Voronoi Diagram feature is constructed based on the Divide and Conquer algorithm. And with Rhino modeling software as the main body, combined with the application of the parametric plug-in design program (GH), the 3D models of the parametric creative hollow pen holder and the parametric creative hollow lampshade were respectively completed. The traditional craftsmanship is integrated into the modern manufacturing process with innovative techniques, and the Chinese cultural spirit and beauty of nature are successfully connected.

Gods and Demons, Beauties and Zombies: through the pages of Chinese educational magazine “Cultural Heritage of China”

This work reviews the Chinese cultural and mass-educational magazine “Cultural Heritage of China” going through several issues of the magazine - those of 2016, 2017 and 2020 years. The brief history of how the magazine was established and structured is given in the first paragraphs. Following are the reviews of the magazine’s issues about the vestimental culture of China, the sensitive question of borrowing elements of Chinese culture into the Japanese oral tradition, the history of state examinations. In the last part of the review I analyze the contents of the special issue on Chinese spirits and demons.

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time of flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) in conventional and reversed column configuration for the investigation of Baijiu aroma types and regional origin

Baijiu is a traditional Chinese spirit with an extraordinarily rich pattern of volatile compounds resulting from the microflora involved in fermentation, as well as the complexity of technological process. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography in the conventional and reversed column setups (non-polar – polar and polar – non-polar columns) was tested for its ability to differentiate Baijiu samples in terms of their aroma and origin (region). A total of 65 Baijiu samples were used for the study and volatile compounds were extracted by SPME with a subsequent analysis by GC×GC-TOFMS. Orthogonality of both setups was compared, so was the number of compounds identified using each setup. Repeatability of compound groups for the conventional and reversed column setups was compared; moreover, multiblock orthogonal component analysis (MOCA) was used to visualize data sets. OPLS-DA was used for Baijiu classification. Both column setups provided excellent discrimination of the Light, Soy sauce, Feng and Herbal aromas. A better classification result for the Strong and Jian aromas was recorded for the conventional column setup. Within the Strong aroma using OPLS-DA both column setups provided perfect abilities to discriminate Baijiu from the Sichuan, Heilongjiang and Jiangsu regions. Two validation methods were applied in the classification models - all the predictive abilities evaluated by the internal validation were further confirmed by the external validation.

Discussion on National Spirit Education

National spirit education is an important content of ideological and political theory courses in colleges and universities. Currently, national spirit education should follow the development vein of national spirits. The development of the Chinese national spirits follows the development vein from the emergence of national consciousness, to self-denial of the national spirits, to its self-affirmation. Meanwhile, the development vein of the national spirits includes the characteristics of inheritance, times, and development of the national spirits. Thus, all the above constitute the basic teaching content of national spirit education in China.

Chinese spirits consumption is an independent risk factor of left atrial appendage thrombosis in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients

Abstract Background Alcohol consumption is often associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation; however, its association with left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombosis in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) remains undefined. Purpose To investigate the relationship between Chinese spirits consumption and LAA thrombosis in NVAF patients. Methods 504 consecutive adult patients with NVAF undergoing first radiofrequency catheter ablation who were enrolled retrospectively from January 2016 to April 2019. LAA thrombosis was identified by transesophageal echocardiography before catheter ablation. Risk factors for LAA thrombosis were determined by uni-/multivariate analysis of data derived from a questionnaire on alcohol consumption and other risk factors for AF, and biochemical and imaging information. Results Of the 504 patients studied, 86 (17.1%) had a drinking habit, and 59 patients (11.7%) had LAA thrombosis. The proportion of alcohol drinking patients was 47.5% (28/59) in the thrombosis group and 12.7% (58/455) in the non-thrombosis group (P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, Chinese spirits consumption (≥12g daily; OR 15.025, 95% CI 6.123–36.815, P<0.001), non-paroxysmal AF (OR 8.301, 95% CI 3.946–17.460, P<0.001), AF duration (OR 1.019, 95% CI 1.010–1.027, P<0.001), CHA2DS2-VASc score (OR 2.078, 95% CI 1.625–2.658, P<0.001), and effective anticoagulation (OR 0.348, 95% CI 0.132–0.921, P=0.033) were independently associated with LAA thrombosis. Conclusions Chinese spirits consumption was independently associated with LAA thrombosis in NVAF patients. Whether avoiding alcohol consumption might reduce the occurrence of LAA thrombosis and thromboembolism in NVAF patients requires further study. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Functional microbiota in Chinese traditional Baijiu and Mijiu Qu (starters): A review

Chinese traditional fermented foods have a very long and complex history. These fermented foods have fascinating characteristics. These are mainly produced by autochthonous fermentation, involving an autochthonous complex microbiota in these fermented products which confers amazing functional characteristics. These include desirable taste, aroma, texture, exopolysaccharides, α-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, xylanase, antioxidants, and aglycone isoflavones which are produced along with other substances. Baijiu is a traditional Chinese spirit, which is widely consumed in East Asia, especially China, and is considered one of the most consumed spirits in the world. It is produced by autochthonously prepared traditional qu (starter culture), such as Xiaoqu, Daqu, Fuqu, and others. Microbial communities in various qu, thereof, have still not been properly characterized. There are several factors that contribute to microbial communities and to the final products of fermentation. This review shall succinctly describe recent scientific research on the production of flavor compounds by bacteria and fungi in Chinese traditional Baijiu qu (starter cultures), with special focus on the fungi and bacteria, and their functionalities with respect to flavor development in Baijiu.

An Exploration and Analysis on the Promotion Mechanism of Red Culture Ideological and Political in Shaanxi Province by Computer Aided Technology

Shaanxi red culture plays an important role in the historical process of the Chinese revolution. It is the passing of the Chinese national spirit in the revolutionary war years and the concentrated expression of the fine tradition of our party. In the context of the efforts to realize the "Chinese dream" through computer-aided technology, the campus culture construction of colleges and universities is facing a new round of opportunities and challenges. Therefore, This paper analyzes the current situation of campus culture construction through computer aided technology, deeply explores the role of Shaanxi red cultural resources in the construction of campus culture, and explores the countermeasures of using Shaanxi red cultural resources to create college red campus culture. This plays an important role in promoting the national spirit, promoting the early realization of the "Chinese Dream" and promoting the growth of contemporary college students.