Chinese Philosophy Research Articles

Artificial Intelligence and Analytic Theology in Chinese Context

Abstract The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is advancing quickly in China, and it has challenged our understanding of human nature and personhood. These challenges underlie some of the negative views which some Christians have towards AI, and these negative views have contributed to the resistance to the development of AI among some segments of global society. This article proposes various ways in which the resources of Analytic Theology (the application of analytic philosophy to Christian theology) can help theologians in China address a list of research questions that AI poses for Christian theology, in engagement with Chinese philosophy. These include developing the arguments for substance dualism, which can potentially offer a metaphysical ground for affirming the distinctiveness of human nature and human rights in comparison with AI, an issue which has been debated by secular ethicists and which has significant implications on societal considerations concerning AI.

Comparative Effects of Durian and Banana Consumption on Thermic Effect of Food and Metabolic Responses in Healthy Adults

Objective In traditional Chinese philosophy, durian is classified as a “yang” food with heaty properties, believed to raise body temperature and blood pressure (BP) after consumption. In contrast, bananas are considered as “yin,” possessing cooling effect. However, scientific evidence supporting these concepts is limited. This study aims to compare the metabolic effects in response to durian and banana ingestion. Methods This randomized cross-over clinical study recruited 16 young, healthy Chinese participants (8 males and 8 females). All participants ingested isocaloric portion (367.5 kcal) of durian and banana with a wash-out period of at least 5 days. 3-h thermic effect of food (TEF) and substrate oxidation were assessed by indirect calorimetry. Postprandial vital signs and metabolic responses were measured over a period of 3 h. Results Durian induced a higher and longer-lasting TEF than banana in most participants. Additionally, durian significantly lowered BP and increased triglyceride (TG) levels during 3 h after consumption, whereas bananas had no significant effects on these measures. Despite containing much fewer carbohydrates, durian prompted a comparable postprandial rise in blood glucose concentrations to that of banana. Conclusion While durian offers nutritional benefits and a BP-lowering effect, moderation is recommended due to its high sugar and fat content, which can elevate blood glucose and lipid levels, and its “heatiness” may cause digestive discomforts and a sore throat according to anecdotal experiences.

Fang Dongmei's View on the Universality of "Consistency" in Chinese Philosophy

In Chinese philosophy, although the ultimate pursuit of human beings by Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism is different, as Fang Dongmei said, "Confucianism lies in promoting the sage's atmosphere, Taoism is intoxicated with poetry and art, while Buddhism seeks the spiritual illumination of human spirit with painstaking wisdom", but the starting point of all three is to show that the universe and life are a coherent whole by-pass. Confucianism tends to regard human affairs and heaven as a whole, Taoism tends to regard human beings and nature as a whole, Buddhism tends to regard human beings and the universe as a whole, and Neo-Confucianism tends to regard Confucianism as the basis. Tuning, taking into account the other two, linking man and nature is another form. The consistency and complementarity of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism affect the existence of Chinese philosophy and the thinking mode of Chinese people.

Buddhism as ‘Chinese Philosophy’: Buddhism in Hegel's History of Philosophy1

AbstractThe question of Hegel's views on Buddhism and its place within his system must be asked again as the history of effects, transmission, and reception continues to unfold. This unfolding highlights not only Hegel's effect on the Western European reception and understanding of Buddhism (and its sharp orientalist critique), but also the canny use of Hegel's philosophy by certain members of the so‐called Kyoto School of Japanese neo‐Buddhist philosophy, who, though primarily concerning themselves with Heidegger, were notable in their creative use of Hegel's philosophy of spirit (especially Nishida, Nishitani, Tanabe, and Abe). Our present task is likewise to look back to Hegel's own writing on Buddhism through the lens of the history of its effects—that is, to read Hegel again with his legacy in mind—so that we might, as strange as it may perhaps seem, see things more clearly. Our goal is relatively modest, as it aims only to seek out and coordinate Buddhism within Hegel's history of philosophy. Thus, as we have a proximate goal in mind, we also have an order of importance with respect to Hegel's texts, which, of course, brings the Lectures on the History of Philosophy to the fore.

The World Philosophical Significance of the Concept of Yin and Yang—Taking Slote's "Yin/Yang" as An Opportunity

Slote transformed the traditional Chinese philosophical concept of "yin and yang" into "yin/yang" in his understanding, and applied it to many of Slote's own theoretical systems. This not only enriched his theoretical construction, but also proved the strong vitality of the concept of "yin and yang" in the formation and development of world philosophy. Slote called on Chinese philosophers to pay attention to the concept of traditional Chinese philosophical thought represented by "yin and yang". He used Feng Qi as an example to explain his world philosophy concept, and his "yin/yang" concept was the core of his world philosophy attempts. We can glimpse the possibility of the concept of "yin and yang" from Slote's attempt and uncover its philosophical significance in the world.

Indian philosophy as a precursor of the string theory of consciousness. Part 2

Introduction. The article examines the formation of the Ancient Indian philosophy and its connection to consciousness. The Indian philosophy has come a long way from its onset, in parallel with the Chinese and Ancient Greek philosophy. At the same time, the ideas of some of its branches and schools differ in a number of features. Purpose setting. By the example of the Sankhya school of philosophy, we have explored the evolution of the views of Ancient Indian philosophers on the evolution of the Universe, nature and man. We have put particular emphasis on the concept of consciousness.Methodology and methods of the study. In Sankhya system, the fundamental Prakriti and Purusha principles are identified. Other elements are supplementary. Ancient philosophers laid special emphasis on the three vibrating gunas. These are sattva, rajas, and tamas. We have revealed the functional connections between the gunas. The way they interact, in balance or dominance, determines the entire variety of material and spiritual processes. The evolution of the Universe in the Sankhya interpretation is close to the scientific theory of the Big Bang. The development of nature can be traced through the complication of atoms starting from the influence of a stimulus on unconscious chaos. The result of human evolution is the emergence of consciousness derivatives: intellect, mind and I (Ego). This allows better understanding of the behavioral characteristics of an existing personality. Yoga complements Sankhya system and makes it possible to transform consciousness in a number of states.Results. The analysis was carried out using scientific articles and monographs relatively unknown in the Russian press. Cognitive development occurs in a spiral. The scientific theory of strings appeared two and a half millennia after the emergence of the gunas concept. We have made a number of analogies between Ancient Indian gunas and contemporary string theory. And have substantiated the theory of consciousness not with quantum theory, but with a deeper string theory. The concept of consciousness is supported in line with the scientific paradigm of T. Kuhn. The leading ideas are the ideas about information of D. Chalmers and the physicist J. Wheeler.Conclusion. Thus, the phenomenon of consciousness has a silicon and biological basis. We insist on using the semantic concept of artificial consciousness instead of artificial intelligence. Therefore, between human consciousness and artificial consciousness there may be dangerous risks of dominance of the latter.

New trends of export of vocational education from China within «One Belt, One Road» initiative

Introduction. Over the past few years, the authorities of the People's Republic of China have begun to pay more and more attention to the development of vocational secondary and higher education. In addition to the growth and development of this area within the country, gradually with the increase in China’s presence on the world stage, the PRC is beginning to export its educational services abroad.Purpose setting. The purpose of the study was to identify the features of China's promotion of its education abroad. The task is to examine the main forms of export of Chinese vocational education to foreign countries.Methodology and methods of the study. Using general methods of scientific knowledge and using a large array of factual data and sources in Chinese, consider the trends in the spread of Chinese vocational education in the world.Results. China has opened a new page in the development of vocational education both within the country and by experimenting with new formats of international cooperation in this segment of education. An example of such projects is the opening of the so-called Lu Ban Workshops, created in honor of the famous Chinese philosopher, engineer and artisan of the 5th century BC, which train modern specialists with technical skills. In total, China has launched over 40 similar workshops abroad with 70 different modern specialties, where more than 11 thousand people have already been trained. After the successful launch of Lu Ban Workshops, various Chinese professional institutions began to open their own specialized workshops, including those for the development of automobile transport, maritime economy, printing, etc.Conclusion. Such projects, which today cover both the SCO countries and the participants of the «One Belt, One Road» initiative, create a new platform for international exchange and cooperation in the field of vocational education and help promote humanitarian exchanges between China and other countries of the world.

Bungen—An East Asian Philosophy of Culture in Terms of Intercultural Interactions and a Reinterpretation of Watsuji’s Concept of Aidagara

Influenced by Hegel, modern Chinese philosophers (e.g., Mou Zong-San, Lao Sze-Kwang, etc.) and Japanese philosophers (e.g., Nishida Kitaro) were inclined to narrate Chinese or Japanese culture in terms of the Hegelian concept of ‘spirit’. Nevertheless, the Hegelian philosophy of culture assumes the existence of an unchangeable cultural spirit and was therefore criticised by Watsuji Tetsuro. Watsuji denies the existence of an unchangeable cultural spirit and argues that cultures arise from the aidagara (interactions) between Ningen (human society) and Fudo (nature). Yet Watsuji’s narration of culture overemphasised the aidagara between Ningen and Fudo but disregarded that culture may also arise from the aidagara among cultures. Therefore, by reinterpreting Watsuji’s concept of aidagara, this paper proposes the concept of Bungen to explain the formation of cultures in terms of intercultural interactions and therefore highlight the diversity of East Asian cultures.

A STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ANCIENT CHINESE PHILOSOPHY REGARDING MUSIC EDUCATION

The work reveals the features of ancient Chinese philosophy in the context of music education. The specific characteristics of the corresponding ancient Chinese concepts are considered. The theories of music education in the works of the followers of Confucianism and Taoism are described. The development and evolution of thought regarding teaching the art of music to the younger generation is presented in a historical perspective. The author analyses the educational function of music in Chinese culture, as well as elements of the state official propaganda in music education in Ancient China. The influence of the traditions of Chinese philosophy on modern philosophy of music and music pedagogy in the People's Republic of China is considered. It is concluded that the Chinese philosophy of music education is based on harmony and aesthetic pleasure from performing and listening to a piece of music, as well as on performing various rituals.

Образ России: «Записки о реформах Петра Великого» Кан Ювэя

The article presents a translation of part of the essay “An account of the Reforms of Peter the Great” by the Chinese philosopher and politician Kang Yu-wei (1858-1927), leader of the reform movement "One Hundred Days Reforms" in China in the late 19th century. The material in the article allows us to 1) to recall how the "Association for Strengthening the State" came into being; 2) to find out how the interaction between Kang Yu-wei and Emperor Zai Tian took place during the "Hundred Days of Reforms", analysing the evidence for the necessity of changes presented by the reformers; 3) to reveal the theoretical justification of the reforms presented by Kang Yu-wei; 4) to show the attitude towards the personality of Peter the Great as a model of a talented ruler and his activities as an example of successful reforms.

Human Self: Structure of the Recognition-Behaviour Model-System Working with Language-Metabolism and Significance Induced by Symbolical Figuring the Meta-Model-System

Science organizes the recognizable targets of objects and phenomena in the testable form, and it functions to understand, define, quantify, visualize or simulate properties of the target in the syllogistic-hierarchy of framing, modeling, and explanation with sound inferences of language. Human Self maintaining the homeostasis is defined in the thinking-frame. The physical Self is the substantial model-system defined in the physical frame, and the mental Self is the recognition-behavioral model-system defined in the psychological frame. The recognition-behavioral model-system that was analyzed via the scientific procedure, was considered to perform language-metabolism with the thinking-codes of homology-/simplification, clustering, operation and modeling, which are mounted in the Modeling-layer of Neuronal Network of the brain, with economic and stubborn manner coming from the biological characteristics. Systems theory is the transdisciplinary study of systems complex-networked interrelated and interdependent components. Human Self is the meta-model-system complex-networked the functional single-model-systems. The mental Self that was re-defined corresponding to the physical/psychological model-system coming from Chinese philosophy and Chinese traditional medicine, developed to the neuro-psychological Self under the idea of Systems theory. Neuro-psycho-pharmacological effect of the anti-epileptic agents Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine and Valproate on Exceed Stimulation-amplify of patients suffering from Bipolar-disease, which was not clear until recently, was compatibly explained via the neuro-psychological Self. Finally, the emergent neuro-psycho-pharmacological explanation was considered to be induced by symbolically-figuring the neuro-psychological Self in the neuro-psychological frame.

Research on the Design Aesthetic Characteristics of Chinese Digital Virtual Products in the 21st Century

The advancement of digital technologies profoundly impacts design art, particularly in virtual product design, where new expressions and effects, unattainable through traditional methods, emerge. Digitalization supports designers by freeing their creativity and enabling the embodiment of artistic pursuits. This transformation affects all stages of artistic creation, from concepts to expression, facilitated by the integration of digital technologies. The interactivity of digital virtual design promotes personalized, humane aesthetics through user participation.In the context of China's development, the animation industry's growth necessitates a unique cultural approach. Successful films like "Storm Rider Clash of the Evils" integrate Chinese elements and philosophy, reflecting traditional culture and values. This film exemplifies the fusion of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, presenting the idea of fate and the unity of characters in accordance with destiny. Martial arts scenes, rivers, lakes, and dynamic fights showcase innovative audio-visual effects. Despite some design flaws, the film's innovations and desire for innovation mark a significant step in the evolution of Chinese animation art, providing new creative opportunities and inspiring future projects. The film's cultural depth, blending traditional elements with modern trends, appeals to a broad audience, solidifying China's position in the global animation industry and showcasing its potential for innovation and cultural contribution.

Research on Li Dazhao's Philosophical Thought and Its Contemporary Value

The process of China's modernization is consistent with the process of Marxism's Chineseization, and nowadays, both the practical path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the Chineseization of Marxism are facing a lot of new challenges and tasks, so it is crucial to study in depth and re-examine the excellent theories on the development of the Chineseization of Marxist philosophy. Li Dazhao's philosophical thought was formed in the process of dramatic transformation of modern Chinese society, and was one of the early Marxist theoretical achievements. An in-depth study of Li Dazhao's philosophical thought is of great significance for us to deepen our understanding of the transition from traditional Chinese philosophy to modern philosophy, to promote the in-depth development of the theory of the Chineseization of Marxist philosophy, and to help young people to establish a scientific outlook on life and hold fast to the people-centered value goal.

The influence of classical Chinese philosophy on the national music of China in the 1980s

The influence of classical Chinese philosophy on the national music of China in the 1980s

Li and Fa in Contract Law from the Perspective of Chinese Legal Philosophy

Li and Fa in Contract Law from the Perspective of Chinese Legal Philosophy

Intercultural Philosophy: A Reconstruction and Reimagining

Eric S. Nelson is an expert on Chinese Philosophy and Continental Philosophy. In this interview, Eric S. Nelson answers questions about the meaning of philosophy, its Eurocentric interpretations and his work on both traditions. His work presents an intercultural approach to different figures and traditions of philosophy. In the interview, Nelson also explains his recent book on Daoism and Environmental Philosophy: Nourishing Life and Heidegger and Dao.

Wu 無 under the possible worlds theory

ABSTRACT This article explores four crucial problems regarding wu 無 (nothingness or nonexistence), a central concept in Chinese philosophy: (1) What is wu, and how does it relate to you 有 (somethingness or existence)? (2) Does ‘you arise from wu’ (you sheng yu wu 有生於無), and if so, how does this ‘arising’ occur? (3) Which takes precedence in Chinese philosophy, wu or you? (4) Does pursuing wu risk leading to nihilism? Drawing on Saul Kripke’s interpretation of possible worlds, I propose that wu represents a realm of potential possibilities. I align with Kripke’s view that possible worlds lack actual existence but are anchored in the actual world. This view clarifies the seemingly paradoxical nature of Chinese philosophy: it is rooted in the mundane world while embracing a transcendental wu. Moreover, it helps avoid the nihilism that might arise from interpreting wu as a groundless void.

The Philosophy of Chinese Moral Cultivation: Justification and Educational Implications

Abstract This article discusses the theme of moral cultivation in ancient China and proposes to consider the relevant philosophical discussions a subfield of traditional Chinese philosophy. We argue that Chinese classics throughout history were freighted with frameworks and concepts concerning moral cultivation, contributing to a philosophical system about people’s daily moral development. The metaphysical justification, the interpenetration of what is beyond form and what is within form, ideas about the heart-mind and human nature further substantiate the claim from academic and cultural perspectives. This philosophy echoes Pierre Hadot’s idea of “philosophy as a way of life”, or an art of living, a pragmatic discipline that is both a meta-philosophy and a methodological approach in addressing pedagogical and psychological concerns (Hadot & Davidson, 1995). The justifications warrant the needs of perceiving traditional moral cultivation philosophically and discussing its educational implications for today.

Chinese Feminist Philosophy: Philosophizing Chinese Feminism in Transcultural Contexts

Chinese Feminist Philosophy: Philosophizing Chinese Feminism in Transcultural Contexts

EDITOR's Words: On Constructive-Engagement Character of Comparative Studies of Chinese Philosophy toward World Philosophy�In View of ISCWP�s Two-Decade Development

EDITOR's Words: On Constructive-Engagement Character of Comparative Studies of Chinese Philosophy toward World Philosophy�In View of ISCWP�s Two-Decade Development