Chinese Name Research Articles

Effects of Radix Scrophulariae on Hyperthyroidism Assessed by Metabonomics and Network Pharmacology.

Radix Scrophulariae (Chinese name: Xuanshen), a traditional Chinese herb, is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism, and in this study, its mechanisms were evaluated by metabonomics and system pharmacology. To study the anti-hyperthyroidism effects of R. Scrophulariae, a male SD rat (180–220 g) model of hyperthyroidism induced by Euthyrox was used. Thirty rats were randomly distributed into three groups: the Model group, the R. Scrophulariae treatment group (RS group) and the healthy Control group. Using the UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS metabolomics approach, 44 metabolites were found to be profoundly altered in the model group, and the levels of these biomarkers were significantly decreased after treatment with R. Scrophulariae. Forty-four metabolites and 13 signaling pathways related to R. Scrophulariae, including the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, primary bile acid biosynthesis and sphingolipid metabolism, were explored, and linoleic acid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism were identified as the most relevant metabolic pathways. In addition, the system pharmacology paradigm revealed that R. Scrophulariae contains 83 active ingredients and is related to 795 genes, and 804 disease genes are related to hyperthyroidism. The construction of the R. Scrophulariaceae-chemical composition-target-hyperthyroidism network identified a total of 112 intersection genes. The enriched gene targets were analyzed, and five pathways were found to be enriched. Among them pathways, the HIF signaling pathway had the highest enrichment score, which indicated that this pathway might be the main signaling pathway related to the treatment of hyperthyroidism by R. Scrophulariae.The integrated approach involving metabolomics and network pharmacology revealed that R. Scrophulariae might play a role in the treatment of hyperthyroidism by regulating the “IL6-APOA1-cholesterol” pathway and disturbing the HIF signaling pathway. The results demonstrate that the combination of metabolomics and network pharmacology could be used to reflect the effects of R. Scrophulariae on the biological network and metabolic state of hyperthyroidism and to evaluate the drug efficacy of R. Scrophulariaceae and its related mechanisms.

Стратегии адаптации китайских имен литературных перcонажей в русском переводе

The article analyzes the features of the translation into Russian of Chinese names containing a metaphorical or symbolic component. It argues the necessity of using, in addition to transcription and transliteration, contextual strategies of domestication and foreignization in order to adapt fragments of text containing names to the linguocultural mentality of Russian speakers, while preserving the cultural flavor and connotations of the original text. Such tactics of strategies of domestication and foreignization as structuralsemantic and lexical-semantic adaptation with the techniques of generalization and modulation are identified.

Luxury fashion retailers' localised marketing strategies in practice – evidence from China

PurposeFrom an international retailing perspective, this empirical study aims to examine luxury fashion retailers' changing marketing strategies in China.Design/methodology/approachUsing case studies of 14 luxury fashion retailers, qualitative data were collected via 31 semi-structured executive interviews.FindingsBoth standardised global and localised multinational marketing strategies were found to have initially been employed by luxury fashion retailers entering into China. Subsequently, localised multinational strategies became increasingly important for their post-entry operations and business development, particularly in terms of their product strategies. More specifically, as well as the introduction of Chinese brand names, product design has been adapted according to Chinese market conditions, and product portfolios have been adapted to satisfy regional differences. However, localised product sourcing in China is far less common.Research limitations/implicationsAs the findings are generated from China, they may not explain luxury fashion retailers' marketing strategies in other markets. Despite the relatively small sample size, the 14 luxury fashion retailer case studies originate from across a wide range of countries, retail formats and ownership structures and are therefore considered to be varied enough to represent the market.Practical implicationsThe study offers practitioners insights into the success that can be generated by the manipulation of marketing strategies, particularly product strategies, within the world's second biggest luxury market.Originality/valueThis paper extends the current international retailing literature by examining and comparing the motives and practices of luxury fashion retailers and the increasing localisation of their marketing strategies in China as they move from initial market entry into their post-entry operations.

Network Pharmacology Integrated with Molecular Docking Explores the Mechanisms of Naringin against Osteoporotic Fracture by Regulating Oxidative Stress.

Naringin (NG), as the most abundant component of Drynariae Rhizoma (Chinese name: Gusuibu), has been proved to be an antioxidant flavonoid on promoting osteoporotic fracture (OF) healing, but relevant research is scanty on the underlying mechanisms. We adopted target prediction, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and molecular docking to establish a system pharmacology database of NG against OF. Totally 105 targets of naringin were obtained, including 26 common targets with OF. A total of 415 entries were obtained through GO Biological Process enrichment analysis (P < 0.05), and 37 entries were obtained through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis with seven signaling pathways included (P < 0.05), which were primarily concerned with p53, IL-17, TNF, estrogen, and PPAR signaling pathways. According to the results of molecular docking, naringin is all bound in the active pockets of the core targets with 3–9 hydrogen bonds through some connections such as hydrophobic interactions, Pi-Pi stacked interactions, and salt bridge, demonstrating that naringin binds tightly to the core targets. In general, naringin may treat OF through multiple targets and multiple pathways via regulating oxidative stress, etc. Notably, it is first reported that NG may regulate osteoclast differentiation and oxidative stress through the expression of the core targets so as to treat OF.

New dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum and their Sirt1 agonist activity

Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (Cucurbitaceae family) is a perennial creeping plant with a common Chinese name of “south ginseng”. To date, more than 250 individual saponins with dammarane-type skeleton have been isolated from G. pentaphyllum. The purpose of this study was the isolation and structural characterization of novel, minor gypenosides from G. pentaphyllum and evaluation of their Sirt1 agonist activity. Individual saponins from G. pentaphyllum were isolated and purified by a variety of chromatography techniques, and their structures were elucidated by means of various spectroscopic analysis and comparision with the reported data. Sirt1 enzyme activity detection kit was used to preliminarily evaluate the Sirt1 agonist activity of thirty three individual saponins purified from G. pentaphyllum. Fourteen new triterpenoid saponins named gypenoside CII-CXV (1–14) along with twenty six known compounds (15–40) were isolated from G. pentaphyllum. Thirty three of all the isolates were screened for Sirt1 agonist activity, and the results showed that three dammarane-type saponins (2, 18, 37) and one cucurbitane-type saponin 33 exhibited satisfactory Sirt1 agonist activity. These findings suggested that G. pentaphyllum was worthy of further investigation to find small molecule Sirt1 agonist and facilitate their utilization as “south ginseng”.

Record Linkage of Chinese Patent Inventors and Authors of Scientific Articles

We present an algorithm to find corresponding authors of patents and scientific articles. The authors are given as records in Scopus and the Chinese Patents Database. This issue is known as the record linkage problem, defined as finding and linking individual records from separate databases that refer to the same real-world entity. The presented solution is based on a record linkage framework combined with text feature extraction and machine learning techniques. The main challenges were low data quality, lack of common record identifiers, and a limited number of other attributes shared by both data sources. Matching based solely on an exact comparison of authors’ names does not solve the records linking problem because many Chinese authors share the same full name. Moreover, the English spelling of Chinese names is not standardized in the analyzed data. Three ideas on how to extend attribute sets and improve record linkage quality were proposed: (1) fuzzy matching of names, (2) comparison of abstracts of patents and articles, (3) comparison of scientists’ main research areas calculated using all metadata available. The presented solution was evaluated in terms of matching quality and complexity on ≈250,000 record pairs linked by human experts. The results of numerical experiments show that the proposed strategies increase the quality of record linkage compared to typical solutions.

A comprehensive chemical and pharmacological review of three confusable Chinese herbal medicine-Aucklandiae radix, Vladimiriae radix, and Inulae radix.

Aucklandiae radix (AR, Muxiang), vladimiriae radix (VR, Chuanmuxiang), and inulae radix (IR, Tumuxiang) are widely used in clinical or folk medicine in China. Their Chinese names all have the Chinese character "Muxiang," which makes it confusable in usage, especially AR and VR, because VR was used as a substitute for AR during a historical period. The National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China has approved AR as a functional food. However, VR and IR are not listed. Many research articles on three kinds of "Muxiang" have been published. However, no review was appeared to compare similarities and differences among the three kinds of "Muxiang." Here, the morphological characterization, phytochemistry, and pharmaceutical effects of AR, VR, and IR were reviewed. We found that only six compounds were common in the three species. Twenty-six compounds were common to AR and VR. Twenty-two compounds were common to AR and IR. Only seven compounds were common to VR and IR. The extracts of AR, VR, and IR were all reported with antiinflammatory effects, which is the most important activity of "Muxiang" species. The volatile oil of AR, VR, and IR had antibacterial activities. Extracts of AR and VR showed anti-gastric ulcers and anti-diarrhea effects. Extracts of AR and IR exhibited anticancer effects. In addition, AR extract had liver protective effect. It is worth mentioning that costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone, which were the common representative compounds of "Muxiang" species, showed antiinflammatory, anticancer, anti-gastric ulcers, and liver protective effects. This review will be a benefit reference for correct understanding and application of the three "Muxiang" species.

Deep Contrast Learning Approach for Address Semantic Matching

Address is a structured description used to identify a specific place or point of interest, and it provides an effective way to locate people or objects. The standardization of Chinese place name and address occupies an important position in the construction of a smart city. Traditional address specification technology often adopts methods based on text similarity or rule bases, which cannot handle complex, missing, and redundant address information well. This paper transforms the task of address standardization into calculating the similarity of address pairs, and proposes a contrast learning address matching model based on the attention-Bi-LSTM-CNN network (ABLC). First of all, ABLC use the Trie syntax tree algorithm to extract Chinese address elements. Next, based on the basic idea of contrast learning, a hybrid neural network is applied to learn the semantic information in the address. Finally, Manhattan distance is calculated as the similarity of the two addresses. Experiments on the self-constructed dataset with data augmentation demonstrate that the proposed model has better stability and performance compared with other baselines.

Use of a Matching Preference Index to Empirically Examine Distribution Imbalances in Beijing Citizens’ Names

Personal names contain considerable meaningful information about biological and social characteristics of the name-bearer. They also routinely contain important data about cultural preferences in the naming process. Access to this level of information has been limited in the past by a lack of access to large-scale empirical data. As this investigation demonstrates, by utilizing a reliable large-scale sample of Beijing citizens, it is possible to empirically demonstrate onomastic imbalances in the occurrence of Chinese surnames, given names, and full names. In particular, this paper explores the matching imbalance between Chinese surnames and given names, a phenomenon which has as yet received scant attention in onomastic literature. As this article demonstrates, our innovative quantitative approach makes it possible to reveal statistically significant differences between real names and “random-matching names” that reflect a matching imbalance and imply the probable existence of underlying cultural preferences in Chinese naming processes. The key to this approach is generating a matching preference index (MPI) for names in a dataset. Alongside explaining how this approach is used, this paper offers possible reasons to explain why specific names have higher or lower MPI rankings. As this paper argues, one of the main reasons for these empirical differences may be found in special associations name-givers have within Chinese culture.

Consistency and regularity effects in character identification: A greater role for global than local mapping congruence

Consistency and regularity, concepts that arise, respectively, from the connectionist and classical cognitive modeling work in alphabetic reading, are two ways to characterize the orthography-to-phonology mappings of written languages. These concepts have been applied to Chinese reading research despite important differences across writing systems, with mixed results concerning their relative importance. The present study of covert naming in Chinese is distinctive in testing the ERP effects of regularity and consistency in a fully orthogonal design. We found that consistency, but not regularity, affected the N170, P200 and N400 as well as pronunciation transcription accuracies, demonstrating a more prominent role of consistency than regularity in character naming, consistent with conclusions from English word naming. To capture a generalization across writing systems, we propose mapping congruence as a writing-system-independent way of referring to orthography-to-phonology mappings and illustrate these congruence effects in an interactive framework of character identification.

Peculiarities of the structural organization of financial terms in modern Chinese and Russian languages (comparative aspect)

The article deals with the features of the formal and structural organization of financial terms and designations in the Russian and Chinese languages of different structures, as well as the problems of distinguishing between one-word and names consisting of several words in the Chinese language. Special attention is paid to the problem of the correspondence of Chinese characters to the significant parts of the nominative unit and the division of Chinese financial names into significant structural fragments (morphemes, parts of complex and compound words, names consisting of several words, etc.). The main structural types of financial names in Russian (one-word and consisting of several words) and Chinese (simple, synthetic and consisting of several words) languages are identified, the differences of abbreviated names in Russian and Chinese languages are shown, the quantitative relations of the structural types of Russian and Chinese financial names are considered.

How to riddle by Chinese names

Abstract This paper studies how Chinese riddles, esp. how to riddle by a name. Based on lexico-constructional pragmatics, a Chinese riddle is a construction, with the configuration of FACE (P), EYE and BOTTOM (Q). P and Q are to hold a tension between identity and heterogeneity, and the entire riddle is to meet the (six) felicity conditions of riddles. Old means of Chinese riddles are discussed, to seek new riddling manners like use of foreign loans, material props, and face-bottom reversions. It is hypothesised that a rhetor with humour-consciousness, in informal or weak communication, can in principle generate a riddle, for instance, by names of places, people, and things. By some pragmatic constraint or even coercion, the riddler can boost expressibility and processibility of a riddle. With a case study, liberal use of riddles in more ways, for more occasions, is suggested to elevate communicators’ humour competence and humour happiness.

Correction to: Effects of Homogenization Treatment on the Microsegregation of a Ni–Co Based Superalloy Produced by Directional Solidification

In the original publication of the article, the Chinese title and author names appeared inadvertently in the Ref. [24].

Pictographic name, warmth perception, and trust: Easy Chinese name holders are seen as warmer and more trustworthy

Pictographic name, warmth perception, and trust: Easy Chinese name holders are seen as warmer and more trustworthy

Neural responses to rapidly selecting color names with different novelty.

It is well known that different names of color can lead to distinct attractions to people. To study the neural mechanism underlying this phenomenon, an implicit association test task was designed for color names, in which participants were required to select the possible meanings of a Greek phrase from two color names (in Chinese). The behavioral results showed that the participants were more likely to select novel names for long Greek phrases and dates names for short Greek phrases. The EEG results showed that the mean amplitude of N1 was greater for selections of novel color names than selections of dates names for Greek phrases. Meanwhile, the mean amplitude of N3 for novel color names was more negative than that of dates color names. Significant interaction effect of N3 was also found for the four kinds of selections between Greek phrases and Chinese color names. Moreover, a frontal-positive and occipital-negative distribution for scalp topography of N1 was found, while the scalp topography of N3 was opposite as frontal-negative and occipital-positive distribution, suggesting the importance of visual cortex for perception of the color names and prefrontal cortex for integration and decision of selection. In summary, the results here indicated that colors with novel names could easily attract people's attention than colors with dates names, which might shed light on the usage of color names in real life.

Analysis of chemical components of Chinese medicine Ligustici Radix by achiral-chiral liquid chromatography-predictive multiple reaction monitoring

中药毛前胡为伞形科植物短片藁本Ligusticum brachylobum Franch.的干燥根,主要用于治疗风热咳嗽痰多、痰热喘满、咯痰黄稠等证,富含香豆素类化学成分,含有多组对映异构体和非对映异构体。为了深入研究毛前胡的化学成分组成,特别是对映异构体的组成,研究建立了非手性-手性色谱-预测多反应监测法(achiral-chiral-LC predictive MRM),同步实现毛前胡化学成分的化学选择性和立体选择性分离,以及高灵敏度定性分析。非手性色谱和手性液相色谱-串联质谱系统结合了RP-C18色谱柱的高效化学选择性分离能力以及手性色谱柱的立体选择性优势,有效避免了中心切割非手性-手性二维液相色谱构造复杂、重现性难以满足定量要求等缺陷。采用小内径核-壳型RP-C18色谱柱作为前端化学分离柱,实现结构类似香豆素的高效化学选择性分离;采用反相大内径AD-RH手性色谱柱,实现对映异构体的手性拆分;采用预测多反应监测模式,实现化学成分的高灵敏度检出;利用增强子离子扫描模式(EPI)采集各色谱峰的二级质谱信息,鉴定化学结构。通过定量离子对、定性离子对及两者的比值,判定是否为对映异构体。利用所构建的非手性-手性色谱耦联系统从毛前胡中共鉴定出60个化学成分,其中8对香豆素对映异构体得到了良好分离。本研究为毛前胡以及含有对映异构体中药的深入定性、定量分析提供可靠的方法。

Finding means to encourage greatness: Words to promote group cohesion

Finding means to encourage greatness: Words to promote group cohesion

Effect of Chinese characters on machine learning for Chinese author name disambiguation: A counterfactual evaluation

Chinese author names are known to be more difficult to disambiguate than other ethnic names because they tend to share surnames and forenames, thus creating many homonyms. In this study, we demonstrate how using Chinese characters can affect machine learning for author name disambiguation. For analysis, 15K author names recorded in Chinese are transliterated into English and simplified by initialising their forenames to create counterfactual scenarios, reflecting real-world indexing practices in which Chinese characters are usually unavailable. The results show that Chinese author names that are highly ambiguous in English or with initialised forenames tend to become less confusing if their Chinese characters are included in the processing. Our findings indicate that recording Chinese author names in native script can help researchers and digital libraries enhance authority control of Chinese author names that continue to increase in size in bibliographic data.

Normalizing Chinese Disease Names with Multi-feature Fusion

Normalizing Chinese Disease Names with Multi-feature Fusion

Fractional study of Huanglongbing model with singular and non- singular kernel

• A fractional model for citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is presented. • The Caputo and Atangana–Baleanu derivative are considered. • Novel numerical results for the model are shown. • Comparative results are shown for the model. The disease of citrus is Huanglongbing (HLB), a Chinese name meaning yellow shoot disease and in English-speaking countries referred as a citrus greening threatening the citrus industries worldwide. Citrus greening associated with ’Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas), is the most devastating disease spread through the infected citrus trees and the major insect vector, the infected citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri). A fractional-order compartmental model in Caputo and Atangana–Baleanu sense is consider to study the dynamical aspects of HLB among citrus trees and Asian citrus psyllid (ACP). We computed a basic reproduction number and present a detailed theoretical analysis including solution positivity and the stability of disease-free equilibrium of the Caputo fractional model. Numerical simulations are conducted for both Caputo and Atangana–Baleanu operators. The numerical results of Caputo model suggest that the infection and removal rate impacts impressively on the severity of the HLB. Moreover, for different values of the fractional derivative suggest the infection minimization and possibly the control for the disease. While simulating the model using both the operators, the results captured are are better and may be useful in further research of the proposed model. We conclude that, the Atangana–Baleanu operator is more effective and prominent biologically as compared to the Caputo derivative for the proposed problem.