Ethnic Chinese Community Research Articles

Cultivating the Concept of the Chinese Ethnic Group Community from the Perspective of Cultural Identity

In the context of cultural diversity, cultivating a sense of shared identity among the Chinese ethnic group is not only crucial for national unity and ethnic solidarity but also promotes social harmony and development. Within the concept of the national community, cultural identity serves as a core element, playing an irreplaceable role in enhancing ethnic cohesion and centripetal force. Currently, China is in a crucial period of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese ethnic group, facing various complex situations and challenges. To cultivate the concept of the Chinese ethnic group community and enhance the cultural identity and sense of belonging of all ethnic groups, efforts can be made to strengthen historical education, deepen understanding of Chinese ethnic group history and culture, and thereby enhance cultural identity among different ethnic groups. To promote cultural exchange and integration, cultural exchange platforms can be established to foster mutual respect and understanding of different ethnic cultures, promote the core socialist values, and advance the inheritance and innovation of Chinese excellent traditional culture, providing strong support for cultivating the concept of the Chinese ethnic group community.

Wayang Potehi and the Resistance of the Chinese Ethnic Minority Group Against Racial Discrimination in Indonesia

Since the colonial era in Indonesia, the Chinese ethnic minority group has often experienced problems of racial discrimination in their lives. As a medium of resistance against racial discrimination, they utilize Wayang Potehi, Chinese glove puppets featured in stage performances. This qualitative research uses cultural identity theory and a critical ethnographic approach to find forms of racism and the implementation of Wayang Potehi as a resistance to racism. The results of this study show that the reason why the Chinese ethnic group uses Wayang Potehi by ignoring the truth of the knight figure is because in Java the Chinese ethnic group is a minority group that only relies on communication. Therefore, communication is built through the Wayang Potehi performance as a form of covert or symbolic resistance to the local community. In addition, the Chinese ethnic community also often experiences verbal violence in the form of insults or harassment.

Refleksi Budaya Etnis Tionghoa dalam Kesenian Barongsai di Kota Singkawang

The lion dance is a form of ethnic Chinese culture with a beautiful variety of motion and visual ornaments. The purpose of this research is to serve as a reminder of cultural preservation and inheritance. The primary reflection resources paired with Feldman's art criticism method include a historical overview, performance dynamics, ritual/celebration procedures, and cultural heritage. This study also provides a glimpse into and description of ethnic Chinese's effort to express cultural arts following a time of prejudice. The dissection is carried out utilising descriptive qualitative methodologies, with data collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Triangulation of sources with ethnomusicologists validates the data analysed using an inter-academic model. Cultural reflection produced by Barongsai arts for ethnic Chinese includes reminders and awareness of evaluative materials related to the struggle for discrimination in the historical context, entertainment and sports functions in the context of performance dynamics, meanings and symbols of happy and sad expressions in the context of ritual / celebration processes, and sorting out incoming outside cultures for the younger generation in the context of cultura. It is critical and beneficial that the findings of this study serve as a vehicle and platform for future attempts to maintain and enhance the Barongsai art form. In addition, there needs to be support between elements of the ethnic Chinese community and the government so that the art of Barongsai can be preserved and developed in the future.

A Study on the Culture and Values of the Westward Migration Festival of the Sibe Ethnic Group in China

The Westward Migration Festival presents the image of the patriotic historical feat of the Sibe people’s westward migration to Xinjiang and garrisoning of the frontier through sacrificial ceremonies such as the sacrifice of Karun and the public sacrifice of Tibet, as well as celebratory activities such as the Zhulun Hulanbi, the Beilun dance, the archery competition, and the goat-carrying competition. Its cultural space reproduces the historical memory of the ethnicity, illustrates the patriotic dedication of the ethnic groups, the mentality of harmony and coexistence, and the sense of self-reliance and self-existence, and plays a role in enhancing the cultural memory of the ethnic and consolidating the consensus of the ethnic culture. Through the benign interaction of festivals, the ideological foundation is laid for the construction of the Chinese ethnic community consciousness in the western border areas, the value norms are provided, and the social foundation is stabilized.

跨文化视阈下少数民族大学生筑牢中华民族共同体意识初探

There are many ethnic minorities living in the border areas between China and Laos. The cultural traditions and languages of each ethnic group are not only an important component of the diverse culture of the border areas, but also an important component of the diverse culture of the Chinese nation. Minority college students in the border areas of China and Laos are an important force for the future development of border society, and are the key to consolidating ethnic communities and enhancing national cohesion, Strengthening and strengthening the community awareness of ethnic minority college students is a necessary requirement for maintaining social stability, national unity, and ethnic unity along the China Laos border. This article takes the minority college students in Shanggang Village, who were surveyed by the author in the field, as an example. Universities, villages, and local governments are the three main bodies that strengthen the awareness of the Chinese ethnic community among minority college students on the China Laos border. They play an important and irreplaceable role in building the awareness of the Chinese ethnic community among minority college students on the China Laos border.

Muntok Society in the Globalization Stream Political Ethnic Tionghoa and Malay

With the passage of time and the tide of globalization, the city of Muntok has witnessed significant development. However, studies of Muntok relating to political changes in the last 10 years are still uncommon. This study focuses on the impact of political globalization on the interaction of Chinese and Malay ethnic communities in Muntok, Bangka. This study used qualitative approach with a literature or library study methodologies. According to the findings of the study, political globalization has the following effects: 1) increasing the use of public rights votes in general elections; 2) increasing the public vote of ethnic Chinese and Malay in political elections; and 3) increasing the involvement of Malaysians and Chinese in public elections because globalization does not arrange the vote for Chinese people. Many Malay people also choose the Tionghoa people. Finally, 4) there was a balance in the regional government in Muntok Bangka West between 2016 and 2019 (H. Parhan Ali (Malay ethnic) as Bupati and Markus (Tionghoa) as Deputy Bupati) and 2021–2026 (H. Sukirman as Bupati and Bong Ming Ming (Tionghoa) as Deputy Bupati). In conclusion, the significance of political globalization for the Muntok Bangka society is favorably evaluated, and the consequences of ethnic misunderstanding because of the Muntok society’s political globalization can be developed in historical learning material.
 Keywords: Muntok, politics, globalization, Tionghoa Malay, Bangka

Chinese Muslim Nationalism: Measuring the Love of Land for the Chinese Ethnic Community in Jember

In Indonesia, nationalist consciousness has recently been facing many problems, threats, and concerns about daily life security. The threat has shifted from armed threats to threats of poverty, ignorance, backwardness, hunger, diseases for which no cure has been found, scarcity of employment opportunities, unemployment everywhere, arbitrary actions of those in power, crime, SARA, national disintegration, anti-nationalist terrorism, narcotics trafficking. Illegal drugs are troubling the future of the younger generation. One of those who got the effect was ethnic Chinese residents. This research was conducted with the ethnic Chinese locus in the Indonesian Chinese Islamic Association of Jember, focusing on how the Jember ethnic Chinese Muslim community views nationalism. What is the process of instilling nationalist values among the ethnic Chinese Muslim community of Jember? This research aims to trace the nationalism of the ethnic Chinese Muslim community in Jember towards Indonesia and the process of instilling nationalist values among them so far. This research uses a qualitative paradigm with a narrative research approach. The results of this research show that the nationalist values of Jember's ethnic Chinese Muslim community have been ingrained since birth because the Jember Chinese Muslim community was born in Indonesia, not in China. Ethnic Chinese who were born in Indonesia to Chinese citizens in China are called overseas, which is why they are considered not to be genuine Chinese citizens because they were not born and distributed in the land of their ancestors. Nationalism is not just a saying; nationalism is a necessity that Jember's ethnic Chinese Muslims firmly hold. His nationalist experience was formed by practising the values of Pancasila. Forms of instilling and strengthening nationalism among member ethnic Chinese Muslims by holding regular discussions, mutual respect, tolerance, participating in state activities, cooperation and defending the country.

Informal Islamic Education for Minority Muslims: Lessons from Chinese Ethnic Minority Muslims in Yogyakarta

The Chinese ethnic minority Muslim community is a cultural entity that represents two social crisis poles. This fact motivates them to practice the informal Islamic education method while keeping their religious, social, and cultural backgrounds in mind. This article aims to comprehend and investigate the method of informal Islamic education in Yogyakarta's Chinese ethnic minority Muslim community. This study is a type of field research using a descriptive-analytical case study method. The primary data sources were the DIY (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta) Chinese Muslim Association of Indonesia's board of directors, members, and the community. Scientific literature and organizational documents are examples of secondary data sources. This study's data collection uses in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. According to the findings of this study, education with the vision of Islam as raḥmah li al-‘ālamīn takes place in informal environment settings such as the family, community, and society. This vision is translated into various methods behind informal Islamic education in Yogyakarta's ethnic Chinese Muslim minority community.

Chinese in Minangkabau: A Typological Study of Chinese Ethnicity in Padang City

This study aims to analyze the typology of Chinese ethnicity based on aspects of religious life and Chinese ethnic organization in Minangkabau. In West Sumatra, the presence of ethnic Chinese can be found in the Kampung Pondok sub-district, South Padang District, Padang City. For the people of Padang City and its surroundings, this residential area is often called Kampung Cino. The most prominent evidence to date is the See Heen Kiong Temple. So far there is not much literature that discusses the typology of Chinese ethnicity in the city of Padang, so an effort is needed to complement the existing literature. This study used a case study qualitative research method, the Chinese ethnic group studied in Padang City. Data obtained by means of documentation. This study found that there are two typologies of ethnic Chinese in Minangkabau. First, based on religion, Chinese Muslims in the ethnic Chinese Muslim community in Padang city are members of the Indonesian Chinese Islamic Association (PITI). Second, based on ethnic similarities.
 
 

Festival Cap Go Meh Menjadi Pariwisata Budaya Yang Berkelanjutan Di Surya Kencana Bogor

The Cap Go Meh Festival is a Chinese ethnic celebration at the beginning of the year which comes from the word "Cap Go" which means "fifteenth" and "Meh" means "night", so Cap Go Meh literally means "fifteenth night". Sustainable tourism is a tourism management concept that is responsible for environmental and community economic sustainability. The Cap Go Meh tradition is a form of Chinese culture which is still developing and is celebrated every year by Chinese groups and usually holds parades, processions along the streets and lantern festivals as a form of joy for the entire Chinese community for the success of the one year that has just passed and at the same time as a moment to pray for progress in the coming years. Sustainable tourism aims to use natural resources and human resources in the long term. so Cap Go Meh literally means "fifteenth night. Sustainable tourism is a tourism management concept that is responsible for environmental and community economic sustainability. The Cap Go Meh tradition is a form of Chinese culture which is still developing and is celebrated every year by Chinese groups and usually holds parades, processions along the streets and lantern festivals as a form of joy for the entire Chinese community for the success of the one year that has just passed and at the same time as a moment to pray for progress in the coming years. Sustainable tourism aims to use natural resources and human resources in the long term.
 The research objective was to determine the economics of the Cap Go Meh Festival at Surya Kencana Bogor. To know the environment of the Cap Go Meh Festival at Surya Kencana Bogor. To find out the social culture of the Cap Go Meh Festival at Surya Kencana Bogor.
 The results of the research on the Cap Go Meh Festival at Surya Kencana Bogor have been held every 15th of the first month based on the lunar calendar which is the highlight of the Chinese New Year. The celebration, which originally meant thanksgiving for the ethnic Chinese community, has now turned into a party for the people of Bogor City. Developments that continue to be carried out during the Cap Go Meh celebration will eventually have a commercial selling point into Sustainable Tourism. The Cap Go Meh celebration, which has now been carried out openly and has become the tourism agenda for the City of Bogor, has had a positive impact on society, both culturally and economically. This shows that the Cap Go Meh celebration has experienced a process of development from year to year.
 
 Key Words : Cap Go Meh Festival and Cap Go Meh Tradition and Sustainable Tourism

Pengaruh Daya Tarik Wisata Terhadap Minat Berkunjung Wisatawan Di Kawasan Pecinan Glodok Jakarta Barat Sebagai Wisata Sejarah Dan Budaya

Tourism is the second largest and most powerful sector in a world economic development. Indonesia is one of the developing countries in the tourism industry and has various natural and cultural beauties. Indonesia has many choices of tourist destinations, one of which is the Glodok Chinatown. The Glodok Chinatown area was once an isolation area for the Chinese ethnic community and at the same time became an economic center which has now become a tourist area with historical & cultural tourism potential. The purpose of this study was to find out whether there is an influence of tourist attraction in the Glodok Chinatown area on the interest of visiting tourists as historical & cultural tourism. This study used a total sample of 100 respondents. This study uses an instrument test consisting of validity and reliability tests. Then there is a classic assumption test which consists of a normality test and a heteroscedasticity test. Then there is a simple linear regression test and a hypothesis test which consists of a T test and the coefficient of determination. The results of the study show that tourist attraction has an influence on tourists' interest in visiting as historical & cultural tourism in the Glodok Chinatown area.

The Use of Chopsticks as a Cultural Identity of Chinese Society

This study aims to determine the types of chopsticks that are known by research informants and the use of chopsticks, which is a cultural identity of the Chinese community and ethnic Chinese, especially in the cities of Shandong and Jakarta. The research method used is a qualitative ethnography method. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis process uses steps, namely, data reduction, data presentation, and verification. Based on the results of the analysis of the types of chopsticks known to the Chinese ethnic community in Jakarta and the Chinese community in Shandong, among others, bamboo chopsticks, stainless steel chopsticks, wooden chopsticks, plastic chopsticks, ivory chopsticks, silver chopsticks, and gold chopsticks. There are three aspects of cultural identity that appear in this study, namely individual identity, family identity, and belief identity. Individual identity is indicated by the freedom to use chopsticks as their identity wherever they are. Family identity arises from the habit or tradition of a large family to eat together at the dining table and use chopsticks as an identity in the family. The identity of the belief shows the use of chopsticks in the place of prayer, which is used for ancestral ceremonies.

Cultural Acculturation on the Acceptance of the Role of Chinese Ethnicity in Singkawang City Government

The Chinese ethnic community in Indonesia faces challenges in integrating with other groups, including in Singkawang. Singkawang is a positive example of a community where harmony and mutual understanding among ethnic groups have prevailed. Rarely are incidents, whether riots or conflicts related to the Chinese ethnic group, found. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the active role of the Chinese ethnic community in the governance of Singkawang through acculturation. This study was conducted with the direct involvement of the researcher on-site. The study used qualitative-descriptive to understand the phenomenon or events regarding cultural acculturation in Singkawang. Historical, anthropological, and sociological approaches are employed to comprehend this phenomenon. Interviews were conducted with ethnic communities to gather primary data, including the Chinese, Dayak, Malay, and Madurese ethnic groups and the Singkawang local government. Secondary information was collected from various research findings, news sources, and historical documents. The results indicate an active role of the Chinese ethnic community in the governance of Singkawang. Their presence is accepted and supported by all ethnic groups in society as a result of the acculturation process that has been ongoing for some time. More specifically, cultural acculturation has occurred between the Chinese ethnic community and other groups, such as the Malay and Dayak communities. This acculturation has generated positive perceptions among the community. Acculturation has also led to language, material culture, dietary habits, and clothing changes. The direct interaction among diverse groups and shared economic conditions play a role in shaping or influencing this situation.

Understanding resilience in ethnic tourism communities: the experiences of Miao villages in Hunan Province, China

Ethnic tourism is being advocated in China to assist regional development and poverty alleviation. However, the arrival of tourism developers who are largely external to local communities has led to changes in economic and governance arrangements at the local level. To understand how local communities are impacted and how they respond to and potentially recover from these changes, we examined Miao (Hmong) villages in Hunan Province, China. We consider how Chinese ethnic communities can simultaneously be vulnerable and yet still display resilience when they are exposed to tourism-induced structural changes that disempower them. We found that ethnic tourism created opportunities for knowledge sharing, which facilitated family businesses and skill enhancement. However, lack of local capital created dependence on external developers, and tourism increased the vulnerability of ethnic communities. Nevertheless, local people developed coping strategies to address the long-term economic and governance changes induced by tourism, despite also experiencing increasing disempowerment and vulnerability. We show that, even with top-down tourism governance models that are typically associated with the marginalization of local communities, everyday economic life was characterized by hybridity – simultaneous resilience and susceptibility, empowerment and disempowerment, and self-organization and dependency.

The usage of Sinographs in relational communication about ethnic Chinese identities on YouTube

Abstract This study analyzes the usage of Sinographs (Chinese characters) across globally dispersed user communities on YouTube, and focuses on their usage patterns in relational communication about ethnic Chinese identities. This is achieved by analyzing YouTube comments on the official music video for the Mandopop (Mandarin pop music) song “Fragile” (玻璃心) as a corpus. Firstly, the history and media environment of ethnic Chinese communities are reviewed to provide context for why “Fragile” sparked heated discussion in the YouTube comment section. Then, the methodological approach of corpus pragmatics, the data, and the methodology including corpus analytical process and tools used are discussed. Finally, the analysis results are presented in two parts: the usage of sentence patterns that communicate relationships and identities, and the usage of metamessages that indicate ethnic Chinese identities.

CAMPUR KODE DALAM TUTURAN MASYARAKAT ETNIK CINA BENTENG DI DESA LEBAK WANGI, TANGERANG: KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK

The Benteng Chinese ethnic community in Desa Lebak Wangi, Tangerang uses Benteng Chinese dialect of Indonesian which is mixed with elements of Hokkian dialect of Chinese, English, Sundanese, and Betawi language. The purpose of this study is to describe the forms and factors behind the occurrence of code mixing in daily communication in the speech of Benteng Chinese ethnic community in Desa Lebak Wangi, Tangerang. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. The results obtained from the data analysis show that the code mix in this study consists of two forms, namely: (1) code mix in the form of words; and (2) code mix in the form of phrases. Code mix in the form of words includes: (1) basic words; (2) affixed words; and (2) repeated words. The factors behind the code mix consist of three factors, namely: (1) role identification factor; (2) variety identification factor; and (3) desire to explain/interpret factor. Among the four code-mix entries in this study, Sundanese was the most common. The inclusion of Hokkian dialect of Chinese occurs when talking about family relationships, numerals, religious celebrations, and rituals. The inclusion of Sundanese elements occurs when communicating with family and neighbors to describe an activity, indicate a condition, and mention affirming affixes. The inclusion of Betawi language elements occurs when communicating with family and neighbors to emphasize or show something with high intonation. The inclusion of English elements occurs when young people mention the use of words on the internet or social media.

Aktivitas dan Perjuangan WNI Kerurunan China dalam Persamaan Hak Sebagai Warga Negara Tahun 1954 – 1965

This study aims to find out how the activities and struggles of the ethnic Chinese community against discrimination that occur to them. The method used in this research is to use a qualitative approach with historical methods. Collecting data using documentation techniques and library techniques. The data analysis technique used is a qualitative data analysis technique because the data obtained is not in the form of numbers so that it cannot be tested statistically. Activities and struggles carried out by residents of ethnic Chinese descent are carried out in various ways, both individually as was done by Oei Tjoe Tat who sits in government. PDTI does not want the problem of “small groups”, Perwitt's statement regarding the draft citizenship law, Baperki's request to participate in perfecting the Pancawardhana, Expectations of Baperki Commission IV in fighting discrimination and racism, Baperki's Plenary Conference is a milestone in the struggle against discrimination'. While the struggle carried out by the ethnic Chinese community, Baperki's struggle to abolish regulations that were considered discriminatory, Baperki's struggle against discrimination started from the first regional congress of Baperki, the struggle for the right for Buddhists to be treated the same as other religions. that Buddhism should be treated the same as oth er religions In 1964 Baperki made a request to the central government, to be included in the State Committee for the Perfection of Pancawardhana, besides that it can also be done in groups by following organizations such as BAPERKI, PDTI and so on. All the struggles carried out by the ethnic Chinese community are to be free from discrimination that occurs. This is reinforced by data through a literature study conducted at the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia.

Tradisi Go Ge Cap Lak (Bakar Tongkang) Dalam Tinjauan Sosiologi Ekonomi Islam

Introduction: Go Ge Cap Lak, according to the Chinese community, has the meaning of expressing gratitude to Kie Ong Ya (the god of the sea) who has given protection to their ancestors when sailing the ocean so that they can reach the Rokan Hilir region. In the course of its history, Go Ge Cap Lak in addition to having theological value also has a very thick anthropocentric value that makes the tradition as one of the religious tourism in the region. Not only the ethnic Chinese community benefited but also Muslims who lived in the local area. This tradition has become an annual event with a considerable economic impact. However, what if this tradition is seen in the study of Islamic economic sociology Research Methods: This research is included in the type of field research with qualitative descriptive data analysis methods. Primary data sources come from data mining in the field and supporting sites such as disbudpora, while secondary data sources come from previous research Results: The tradition has an economic impact on the surrounding Muslim community. This expediency is in line with the orientation of fulfilling life or in the language of religion in order to maintain life. Conclusion: Go Ge Cap Lak also has economic value. The Ministry of Tourism and Creative Industries includes Go Ge Cap Lak as one of the annual activities that are always held in Bagansiapiapi. This activity also made the economy of the Bagansiapiapi Muslim community rise and develop.

Cap Go Meh Cultural Tourism as an Effort to Maintain Socio-Cultural Resistance in the Singkawang City

<em>The purpose of this research was to find out how the Singkawang Cap Go Meh Festival can survive for a long time and what is the role of socio-cultural actors in maintaining Cap Go Meh as a strategy for maintaining social resilience. To achieve this goal, it was determined that the object of research was the Cap Go Meh Cultural Festival while the subject of the research was the figures who play a role in the success of the Cap Go Meh festival and how their respective roles create social and cultural resilience such as the Government and Legislative Parliament of the Singkawang-City, the Head of the Education Office and Culture, Head of Tourism, Youth and Sports Service, Head of the Malay Cultural Customary Council (MABM), Head of the Chinese Cultural Customary Council (MABT), Head of the Dayak Traditional Council (DAD), Head of the Javanese Association, and Cap Go Meh Committee. This study used data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation and </em><em>data analysis techniques were inductive. The results of this study could be concluded that the Singkawang Cap Go Meh Festival was unique because the Singkawang Cap Goh Mes Cultural Festival involved all ethnicities in Singkawang City, the Chinese ethnic community really defended its culture, the Singkawang Cap Go Meh Festival was proven to be leading tourism because it brings in many foreign tourists, the Singkawang Cap Go Meh Festival was a driving factor for creating socio-cultural resilience. This could be proven by Singkawang City being one of the number one tolerant Cities in Indonesia.</em>

To explore the effects of herbal medicine among cancer patients in Taiwan: A cohort study.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used by ethnic Chinese communities. TCM is covered by Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) program. We evaluated the efficacy and outcomes of complementary Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) therapy in patients with cancer. This population-based cohort study was conducted using the data of patients who received a cancer diagnosis between 2005 and 2015 in Taiwan. Eligible patients were divided into standard and complementary CHM therapy groups. The complementary CHM therapy group was further divided into low cumulative dosage (LCD), medium cumulative dosage (MCD), and high cumulative dosage (HCD) subgroups. Overall survival (OS), mortality risk, cancer recurrence, and metastasis were analyzed for all cancers and five major cancers (lung, liver, breast, colorectal, and oral cancers). We included 5707 patients with cancer (standard therapy, 4797 [84.1%]; complementary CHM therapy, 910 [15.9%]; LCD, 449 [7.9%]; MCD, 374 [6.6%], and HCD, 87 [1.5%]). For the LCD, MCD, and HCD subgroups, the mortality risk was 0.83, 0.64, and 0.45, and the 11-year OS, 5-year cumulative cancer recurrence, and 5-year cumulative cancer metastasis rates were 6.1 ± 0.2, 6.9 ± 0.2, and 8.2 ± 0.4 years; 39.2%, 31.5%, and 18.8%; and 39.5%, 32.8%, and 16.6%, respectively. The cumulative cancer recurrence and metastasis rates of the standard therapy group were 40.9% and 32.8%, respectively. The cumulative recurrence and metastasis rates of all cancers, lung cancer, and liver cancer and all cancers, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer, respectively, were significantly lower in the HCD subgroup than in the other subgroups and standard therapy group ( p < 0.05). Patients receiving complementary CHM therapy may have prolonged OS and reduced risks of mortality, recurrence, and metastasis. A dose-response relationship was noted between CHM therapy and mortality risk: increased dosage was associated with improved OS and reduced mortality risk.