Childhood Programs Research Articles

Clinical Pathways Programs in Children's Hospitals.

Clinical pathways translate best evidence into the local context of a care setting through structured, multidisciplinary care plans. Little is known about clinical pathway programs in pediatric settings. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of clinical pathway programs and describe similarities and differences. We performed a cross-sectional web survey to assess the existence of a clinical pathway program, number, type, and creation or revision of clinical pathways, and its characteristics in the 111 hospitals of the Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings network. Eighty-one hospitals responded to the survey (73% response rate). Most hospitals had a clinical pathway program (63%, n = 50 of 80) that was hospital-wide (70%, n = 35 of 50). Freestanding children's (48%, n = 39 of 81), academic (60%, n = 43 of 72), teaching hospitals (96%, n = 78 of 81) made up the largest proportion of survey respondents. There was no funding for nearly half of the programs (n = 21 of 46, 46%). Over a quarter of survey respondents reported no data collected to assess pathway utilization and/or care outcomes (n = 19 of 71, 27%). Greater than half of respondents confirmed existence of a program. Freestanding, academic teaching hospitals accounted for the most responses. However, nearly half of surveyed programs were unfunded, and many are unable to measure their pathway outcomes or demonstrate improvement in care. Survey respondents were enthusiastic about participating in a national collaborative on pediatric clinical pathways.

Analysis on the Enlightenment Effect of Sesame Street on Children's Personality Exploration and Self-identity

Abstract: In recent years, with the progress of social economy and the development of education, children's mental health has increasingly become the focus of attention. As an important medium of children's education, TV programs are very popular with children, and have a profound significance in the shaping of children's health. American television program Sesame Street as a popular children's program, from the plot content, role setting, theme selection, present form, etc., conforms to the preschool childrens acceptance preferences, and successfully utilizes the medium for the key period of childrens mental development, accurately grasps the mental health characteristics of preschool childrens love of imitation. The program plays a good enlightening role in guiding children to discover their own personality and construct the self identity. The concept of "personality exploration and self-identity" is related to "self". In the pursuit of personality and self-positioning, children are guided to establish self-awareness, cultivate self-management ability and self-respect feelings. This paper mainly analyzes the enlightenment effect of Sesame Street on children's personality exploration and self-identity. The program promotes children to establish confidence, form self-identity, constitute the supporting conditions of mental health, for children to lay a solid foundation, and promote the formation of children's mental health and sound personality. At the same time, as a successful TV program that is deeply loved by children and has the significance of health education, it provides examples and references for creating more high-quality children's TV programs.

Reimagining Engagement: A Case Study of Interactive Educational Programs in Art Museums

This case study examines the educational programs the Musée de l'Orangerie offers in Paris, focusing on its interactive and immersive approaches to art education. The museum, known for its Impressionist and Modern art collection, provides various educational programs tailored to different age groups and backgrounds, including children's, family, school, and adult programs. These programs aim to enhance visitors' understanding and appreciation of art through hands-on activities, guided tours, and digital platforms.

Developing children's local food programs: One volunteer's perspective

While volunteers are widespread in U.S. local food systems, they have not been the focus of data collection or research. As a result, we have limited understanding of the perspectives and motivations of local food volunteers. In this reflective essay, I describe my insights from volunteering in Alexan­dria, Virginia. The two initiatives that I focus on were to establish a “Power of Produce” program at my local farmers market and an after-school culinary and gardening program at a private ele­mentary school. The former program I have been able to sustain for three years (as of this writing), whereas the latter program was discontinued after two eight-week sessions. In this essay, I describe my motivations in conceptualizing and organizing these programs. I also describe challenges I encoun­tered due to inexperience or capacity constraints as a volunteer. I conclude by discussing how additional research that examines the roles and motivations of volunteers could be valuable.

Risk and Protective Factors for Preterm Birth Among Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Groups in California

Preterm birth (PTB) (gestational age <37 weeks) is a major cause of infant mortality and morbidity in the US and is marked by racial and ethnic and socioeconomic inequities. Further research is needed to elucidate the association of risk and protective factors with trends in PTB rates and with related inequities. To describe the association of PTB rates with inequities as well as related risk and protective factors over the past decade in a US population-based cohort. This retrospective cohort study of singleton live births in California from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2022, was conducted using vital statistics records and hospital records. The cohort included births with a gestational age of 22 to 44 weeks. Preterm birth rates by racial and ethnic group and by public and nonpublic insurance (considered as a proxy for socioeconomic status) were studied across years. Log-linear regression (relative risks with 95% CIs) was used to evaluate risk and protective factors within groups. Associations of PTB rates with risk and protective factors were assessed. This study included 5 431 018 singleton live births to individuals who identified as American Indian or Alaska Native (0.3%), Asian (14.2%), Black (4.9%), Hispanic (47.8%), or White (27.0%). A total of 43.1% of births were to individuals with public health insurance. From 2011 to 2022, the overall PTB rate increased from 6.8% to 7.5% (change [SE], 10.6% [0.6%]; z score of 18.5; P < .001). Differences in PTB rates and associated changes were observed for racial and ethnic groups and insurance groups. For example, 2022 PTB rates ranged from 5.8% among White individuals with nonpublic insurance to 11.3% among Black individuals with public health insurance. From 2011 to 2022, PTB rates decreased from 9.1% to 8.8% (change [SE], -3.5% [4.2]; z score of -0.8; P = .42) among Black individuals with nonpublic insurance, whereas they increased from 6.4% to 9.5% (change [SE], 49.8% [16.0%]; z score of 3.1; P = .002) among American Indian or Alaska Native individuals with nonpublic insurance. Increases in some risk factors (eg, preexisting diabetes, sexually transmitted infections, mental health conditions) were observed in most groups, and decreases in some protective factors (eg, participation in the California Women, Infants, and Children program) (P for trend < .001 from 2011 to 2021) were observed mostly in low-income groups. In this cohort study of singleton live births in California, PTB rates increased in many groups. Persistent racial and ethnic and socioeconomic inequities were also observed. Changes in risk and protective factors provided clues to patterns of PTB. These data point to an urgent need to address factors associated with PTB at both the individual and population levels.

Seroprevalence of B. pertussis infection and the changes of specific antibody levels in health care workers during the first two years of COVID-19 in Wuhu, China

BackgroundThe reported number of pertussis cases declined after the implementation of COVID-19 prevention and control measures, however, the burden of pertussis among adults in China remains largely unknown. Additionally, the waning of natural antibody level has also rarely been assessed. MethodsA total of 762 healthcare workers (HCWs) who had underwent the health examinations in 2021 and 2022 were included. Serum anti-PT IgG and IgA levels were determined by ELISA. Recent B. pertussis infection was defined as anti-PT IgG ≥100 IU/ml and/or anti-PT IgA ≥10 IU/ml. ResultsIn 2021, the seroprevalence of recent B. pertussis infection was 10.1 %, and those HCWs in outpatient department had a higher percentage (18.6 %), and geometric mean concentration (GMC) (6.3 IU/ml) than those in other departments. This seroprevalence decreased to 2.4 % in 2022, although the difference remained significant. In the 77 subjects with recent B. pertussis infection in 2021, anti-PT IgG was undetectable in 18 cases the following year. Majority (68/76) of the subjects with anti-PT IgA ≥10 IU/ml in 2021 no longer had detected this antibody in 2022. Among 95 pertussis cases, approximately 60.0 % of cases reported no history of cough. Among those with a documented cough history, 36 cases with suspected pertussis courses who had never been diagnosed. Prolonged cough with nocturnal exacerbation (29/38) was the most commonly reported clinical symptom, and whoop was confirmed in six cases. Uroclepsia and syncopes during the cough attacks were reported by three and one subjects, respectively. One case presented with subconjunctival hemorrhage and tensionic purpura during the course. ConclusionsThe results suggested a high prevalence of B. pertussis infection among HCWs. The presence of unrecognized adult pertussis cases and the rapid waning of antibody indicate the need to improve clinical management for suspected pertussis in adults, and to updated immunization schedule after childhood program.

Wild Things: Planning for children in a traditional art museum

AbstractIn 2022, Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum opened the temporary exhibition Drawing the Curtain: Maurice Sendak's Designs for Ballet and Opera. Predicting most visitors would know Sendak as the creator of children's books such as Where the Wild Things Are, the Gardner team decided to consider families with children as potential visitors. Though the Gardner regularly offers family guides and children's programming, this would be the first time the Museum would explicitly welcome children in an exhibition. The result was a unique exhibition experience that visitors of a variety of ages could enjoy together. This article describes the process the team used to develop and design the exhibition, told from the perspectives of the fine arts curator and children's museum designer who worked together to make it happen.

Trends in Children’s Exposure to Food and Beverage Advertising on Television

Reducing children's exposure to advertisements promoting unhealthy foods and beverages has been recognized by the World Health Organization as a key strategy to improve children's diets and reduce childhood obesity. To examine changes in children's exposure to food-related (food, beverage, and restaurant) television advertising, including for products high in nutrients to limit (NTL; ie, saturated fat, trans fat, total sugars, and sodium) based on federal Interagency Working Group guidelines, following changes in the voluntary industry self-regulatory Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CFBAI). This repeated cross-sectional study used US television ratings data on advertising exposure from The Nielsen Company for 2013, 2014, 2015, 2018, and 2022. Food and beverage product advertisements were assessed for nutritional content. Participants included 2- to 5-year-old and 6-to 11-year-old children. Data analysis was performed from July 2023 to January 2024. Changes in CFBAI standards in 2014 and 2020. The primary outcome was the number of food-related advertisements seen per year and percentage of food and beverage product advertisements high in NTL, on all programming and children's programming (defined as ≥35% child audience share). From 2013 to 2022, total advertisements seen per year declined by 77.6% (from 4611 to 1035) for 2- to 5-year-olds and by 78.5% (from 4860 to 1046) for 6- to 11-year-olds. Advertisements seen on children's programming decreased by 95.1% (from 1703 to 84 per year) for 2- to 5-year-olds and by 97.0% (from 1745 to 52 per year) for 6- to 11-year-olds. The percentages of advertisements for products high in NTL decreased from 2013 to 2022 but were still high: 68.9% for all programming and 63.9% for children's programming for 2- to 5-year-olds, and 68.4% for all programming and 60.6% for children's programming for 6- to 11-year-olds. The majority (51%-52%) of CFBAI-member food and beverage advertisements on children's programming remained high in NTL. Black children saw more food-related television advertisements than White children (58% more for 2- to 5-year-olds and 72% more for 6- to 11-year-olds); however, the percentage of advertisements for food and beverage products high in NTL seen was similar by race. In this repeated cross-sectional study of children's exposure to food-related television advertisements, exposure via children's programming decreased substantially. However, most advertisements seen were still for unhealthy products, and exposure from all programming remained substantial. Findings of more than 90% of advertising exposure not from children's programming and more than 1000 food-related advertisements seen per year suggest the need for government regulations based on time of day rather than programming.

Entry-Level Training Improves Self-Rating of Interprofessional Competencies &amp; Identification of Teaming Strategies for Early Childhood Practice

Abstract Date Presented 03/21/24 Therapy students in an early childhood training program demonstrated improved self-ratings of teaming competencies and use of teaming strategies and approaches. Entry-level training on collaborative practice enhances the quality of early intervention/early childhood programs. Primary Author and Speaker: Christine T. Myers Additional Authors and Speakers: Kristen Lewandowski, Claudia Senesac, Kim Dunleavy

Learning Strategies Of Sunday School Teachers In Installing The Character Of Discipline

Sunday School means traditional church To train children in Biblical truth. However, Sunday Schools, and more broadly, children's ministry programs, are undergoing a change in identity. The aim of this research is to describe Sunday school teachers' strategies in instilling disciplined character in GBI Bassura Sunday School children. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method with a literature review approach, which means through a study of various references. The research results show that Sunday School teachers should develop learning strategies that contain a disciplinary character. Possible strategies include: 1) Developing a learning curriculum based on discipline education, 2) Conducting regular meetings between parents and Sunday School children, 3) Determining punishments and rewards, 4) Carrying out group coaching, 5) Implementing habituation methods. In conclusion, by consistently implementing effective strategies, the Sunday Teachers' School will give birth to a generation of Christians who have disciplined character in accordance with Christian values.

A Comparative Study of Meditation Play and Art Therapy Programs Applying MMPT-Focusing on Child Anxiety, Mindfulness, and Self-Regulation

This study applied MPPT (Meditation Mindfulness Positive Psychology Training) to compare meditation play and art therapy programs and measure their effects on child anxiety, mindfulness, and self-regulation improvement. The subjects were 4th and 6th graders located in K city, Gyeonggi-do, and there were a total of 18 students, consisting of 6 in meditation play, 6 in art therapy, and 6 in control groups. The research period was from mid-April 2022 to mid-July 2022, and the two groups participating in meditation play and art therapy programs were treated once a week for 40 minutes, for a total of 10 sessions, and the control group was not treated. Mindfulness (K-CAMM) by Greco, Baer and Smith (2011), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) by Spielberger (1973), and Self-Regulation Abilities by Heo Jeong-kyung (2004) were used as measurement tools. For data analysis, SPSS 22.0 was used. For the results of the study, As a result, compared to the control group, the art therapy given to experimental group 2 decreased anxiety, increased mindfulness, and increased self-regulation compared to the meditation play given to experimental group 1. This paper has significance as it is the first in Korea to compare children's meditation play and art therapy programs to compare and verify their effectiveness on anxiety, mindfulness, and self-regulation.

어린이 애니메이션 비디오 페이싱

This study analyzed the screen transition pacing of children's animation programs using digital image processing. Based on a survey targeting parents of 4-6 years olds, 18 animation programs frequently watched by children were selected and compared by their origin of production countries. These 18 programs were classified into 11 domestic and 7 overseas programs. The analysis revealed that overseas programs exhibited more frequent pacing transitions. This difference remained significant after controlling for video length and episode characteristics. While there has been a lack of analysis on the strengths and content characteristics of Korean animation children programs, this study utilized computational methods to analyze screen transition characteristics of domestic and overseas programs. Furthermore, by revealing that Korean animation tends to have slower pacing, the study showed the potential for Korean animation to be relatively unaffected by negative influences related to children's cognitive development and video contents. Despite the scarce research on animation pacing in Korea, the importance of studying children's video content continues to rise, underscoring the significant role this study plays as a stepping stone in the field.

Reducing Social Disintegration and Economic Inequality through Community-Based Program for a More Equitable Society

Since the independence of Indonesia, many problems have always been discussed. Poverty and inequality are one of those problems that existed and have been solved since almost eight decades ago. The government has been trying to make the country better through development that emphasizes economic improvement. Unfortunately, economic development creates another social problem: the gap between the “haves” and the “have-nots.” Social and economic disparities could cause social disintegration. The main dispute is not merely in the poverty itself, but how the stakeholders respond to poverty. This article examines the problems of poverty from the community integration point of view. We found how communities can become separated from each other due to various factors such a physical, social, and economic barriers. It outlines the challenges faced in addressing social disintegration through the children's learning house program which is based on community-based action research.

Implementasi Kebijakan Peraturan Daerah Kota Surabaya No 3 Tahun 2023 Tentang Perlindungan Anak Berbasis Rumah Anak Prestasi Di Kota Surabaya

Child protection treatment that has been regulated in the Surabaya City Regional Regulation Policy No. 3 of 2023 concerning child protection. The content of the policy also regulates the protection of children with special needs to get special needs met, equal rights, the same behavior as other children to achieve full social integration and get social assistance. The city of Surabaya which received the award as a Child-Friendly City for five consecutive times. In realizing the protection of children with special needs based on the achievement children's home program which was inaugurated in 2022 on Jl. Nginden Semolo no.23. Qualitative research with a descriptive approach aims to find out how the implementation of child protection policies in the city of Surabaya. The data collection process obtained from interviews, observations and documents is used as research data analysis. The policy implementation model according to Mazmanian and Sabatier is based on three influencing variables. The results of this study show that the implementation of child protection policies based on achievement children's homes in the city of Surabaya is running according to the content of the policy. Participation from implementing officials and commitment to improve service quality

ბავშვთა კეთილდღეობის პროგრამა – სახელმწიფო მართვის სოციალური ეფექტიანობის ერთ-ერთი ინდიკატორი

For the last decade, various reforms in the direction of child protection and well-being have been intensively carried out in Georgia. Despite the fact that the current policy has definitely improved the legal status of children in Georgia, there are still a number of challenges in ensuring children's well-being. The Codex of Children's Rights ratified by the Parliament of Georgia is analyzed highlighting both its positive achievements and challenges. Additionally, the children's welfare program is explored as a pivotal benchmark for assessing the efficacy of governmental social management. Furthermore, the comprehensive metric for assessing the well-being of children – The Child Material and Social Deprivation Index – is discussed. This index signifies the presence of both material and social deficiencies in a child's life, indicating family's insufficient financial means to fulfill the child's fundamental needs for growth and development, encompassing essentials such as nourishment, clothing, age-appropriate literature, toys, and recreational activities. This approach facilitates a more comprehensive understanding of child well-being compared to solely focusing on monetary poverty. It encompasses not only access to fundamental necessities but also factors essential for the child's holistic bio-psychosocial development.

Pelatihan Penciptaan Lagu Anak-Anak Berbasis Kearifan Lokal bagi Guru Sekolah Dasar

Introducing songs to children can hone their sensitivity, literacy skills, and language diversity. Introducing children's songs through their creation based on local wisdom can also be a form of preservation of their culture. The PKM objective of this training program is for elementary school teachers in Sukadana, North Kayong, to have basic skills in making children's songs based on the identity and characteristics of the region. The training methods used are lectures, questions and answers, demonstrations, practices, simulations, and reflections. The results of the PKM children's song creation training program are that there are approximately 15 elementary school teachers who are enthusiastic about making children's songs with the rules and musical elements that have been taught. In addition, various themes of children's songs based on local wisdom have been explicitly and implicitly written in song lyrics for the 2–5 grade range.

Implementation of an Individualized Learning Program for Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders at a Therapy Centre for Children with Special Needs

In the world of health, education, and children, we often hear the term autistic child as a designation for children who are seen as different in their communication and social interaction abilities. The aim of the research is to determine the process of implementing an individual learning program for children with non-verbal autism spectrum disorders at the Therapy Centre for Children with Special Needs. Using a qualitative approach with a case study design, this research analyses every stage from the process of preparing, implementing, to evaluating children's learning programs. The results of the research show that the lack of interventionist consistency in providing learning materials to children has an impact on the process, implementation, and evaluation of learning to children. Learning program planning aims to design student experiences to achieve learning goals. The implementation of the learning program is taken from the results of the Beginning Curriculum Guide assessment which is designed into several learning aspects consisting of recognizing objects and body parts, toilet training, using yes and no signals, and carrying out activities slowly. From the evaluation results, it is stated that interventionist consistency in providing children's learning materials is very important and needed.

초등돌봄교실 아동의 정서조절 및 사회성 향상을 위한 ETC 기반 집단미술치료 사례연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in emotional regulation ability and social skills im-provement of children using elementary school care classes during the ETC-based group art therapy process. Methods For this purpose, a program was created through literature research and supervision, and an art therapy program was conducted for a total of 10 sessions, 80 minutes per session, once a week with three early school-age children attending a local care class in P City, Gyeonggi-do. The results of analyzing the change pat-terns by session and stage of ETC-based group art therapy according to the components of emotion regulation and sociality by collecting institutional reports and interview data, session-specific observation logs, work data, and researchers' research logs are as follows. Results Through group art therapy based on ETC, children improved their ability to regulate their own emotions and understand the emotions of others, and positive changes were seen in appropriately managing the intensity of negative emotions, especially in angry or aggressive situations. . Positive changes in emotion regulation ability were confirmed. In addition, positive changes in social skills centered on interpersonal relationships, cooperation, and sociality were confirmed. Conclusions This study demonstrates that ETC-based group art therapy has a positive effect on improving emo-tional regulation and social skills of children using elementary school care classes, and is expected to provide use-ful guidelines for designing and implementing children's emotional regulation and social development programs.

A Teacher and Parent Consultation Approach to Teaching Toilet training in Early Childhood Children with Special Needs

Children with special needs at an early age are children who experience developmental delays. One of the developmental tasks of early childhood is toilet training. Factors that support the success of toilet training are student readiness, cooperation between teachers and parents. Therefore, a consultation approach between parents and teachers is one way that can bridge to equalize perceptions between parents and teachers so that the toilet training program can run at home and school. The purpose of this study is to describe the process of consulting parents and teachers in shaping toilet training in early childhood with special needs. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection was taken from interviews with parents, class teachers and principals as well as student observations. Data analysis includes steps: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the consultation approach to teachers and parents was successful in helping children's toilet training programs both at home and at school.

Seeing disability in children's made for television programmes: An Australian case study

AbstractDisability awareness is an issue that can inform societal understanding of marginalised groups. Contemporary literature continues to show the importance of inclusion in society and the impact inclusion has on people with disabilities and society more broadly. The importance of disability awareness is important in the context of the daily challenges faced such as discriminatory practices, stigma, stereotyping and exclusion and manifested in areas such as access to buildings, educational opportunities, and visibility in the media. Given the importance of disability awareness and the significant influence of media, especially on children today, this research investigated the inclusion of disability as one element of ‘awareness’ in one ‘made‐for‐children’ (2–5 years old) television programme. Drawing on a social model of disability, three key concepts of Diversity, Inclusion, and Equity were used to explore the way that disability is portrayed for early learners. Analysis of 265 episodes (2015–2021) revealed that inclusion of disability appeared in fewer than 15% of episodes and was not representative of the community broadly speaking. This lack of representation exposed the limited potential that the media currently has as an educative function for preschool children in disability awareness and understanding of disability as part of contemporary society. Including more people with disabilities in made‐for‐preschool children's programmes is one way to both build awareness and progressively ameliorate this position.