Childhood Programs Research Articles

187 Exploring the role of maternal exposure to violence in post-partum weight retention among WIC program participants in Puerto Rico

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Evaluate if exposure to violence is associated with post-partum weight retention among WIC participants, which can lead to overweight/obesity due to metabolic adaptations associated to new adapted weight. If confirmed, it would highlight the need for revision of screening for violence exposure as social determinant of health among participants. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Nested cohort study among women enrolled in the Baby Act Trial (BAT) who have been enrolled to the active study phase and completed the Accountable Health Communities Health Related Social Needs survey from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid services as the source of evidence of exposure to violence. BAT recruitment engaged women in their third trimester who were active participants of the Puerto Rico Women, Infants and Children Program (PRWIC), and planned to enroll their infant in the program. Anthropometric measures were documented at the following time points: prior to pregnancy, at delivery, and 12 months post-partum. Of the 530 women recruited to the study, 291 have completed study measures for inclusion into this exploratory analysis from this ongoing trial. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A Total of 301 participants have met the criteria for inclusion in this preliminary analysis. Mean age among mothers was 26.5 years (SD 5.3), 46.6% had High School level education attainment or less, and 43.3% were actively working at the time of recruitment. Twelve percent of participants had BMI above 35 at 6 months post-partum, while the prevalence of violence exposure was reported as follows for each type of encounter: 3.3% responded yes to physical violence by friends of family, 9.7% reported exposure to insults or inappropriate treatment by any person including family or friends, 2% having been threatened by anyone including family or friends, 6.3% reported having been yelled/cursed at or insulted by anyone including family or friends. Even more concerning is that 7.5% reported severe social vulnerability. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Results reveals importance of providing integrated care in social assistance program. Participants belongs to vulnerable population with social determinants of health that affect the health care they receive. It shows that providing nutritional assistance it’s not enough to being healthy because other components also play a role in overall health.

ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ОЗДОРОВЧОГО ФІТНЕСУ В СИСТЕМУ ФІЗКУЛЬТУРНОЇ ОСВІТИ МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ

The article defines the essence of the concept of «children's fitness», outlines its features that make classes attractive for children and adolescents. The attention is focused on the fact that children's fitness programmes are classified according to the age of children, the focus of various means of physical culture, subjects and equipment. It is noted that in recent years, Ukraine has been undergoing a process of improving the educational process, one of the main trends of which is the transition from the traditional paradigm to creating learning conditions through the use of modern innovative technologies, in particular in the field of physical education. It is emphasised that one of the ways to solve the problem of using innovations in physical education in general secondary education institutions may be the introduction of various areas of fitness, including children's fitness, to increase the interest of primary school pupils in physical education. Primary school age is especially favourable for mastering the basic components of movement culture, mastering a large arsenal of motor skills, forming key competencies and value attitudes towards physical culture and sports. It is noted that in the educational programme of physical education for grades 1-4, the introduction of various types of children's fitness is recommended as one of the means of increasing the motor activity of pupils.This allowed us to identify and propose the most popular areas of fitness that can be used in the physical education and recreation activities of primary school pupils, namely fitness gymnastics and acrobatics; classical aerobics with a ball; aerobics with a rope; game stretching with elements of yoga, fitball gymnastics, step aerobics, children's pilates, etc. The expediency of introducing children's fitness means into various forms of physical education of primary school students to increase their level of physical fitness and improve their health indicators is theoretically substantiated. It is noted that classes with the use of fitness technologies increase interest in physical education, musical accompaniment improves the emotional background of lessons and mood, trains basic vital motor skills and opportunities for independent exercise.

A Meta-analysis of Parent Training Program in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder for Digital Therapeutics

Objectives: The purpose of this meta-analysis study was to systematically investigate the extant literature on parent training and to evaluate its effectiveness on children’s language and communication skills, and to identify the difference of effect sizes between tele-therapy and in person therapy.Methods: Seven electronic databases, RISS, DBpia, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, ERIC, PsyINFO, and PudMed were searched through to July 2022 for analysis. Using Meta-Analysis (CMA3: comprehensive meta-analysis version 3, 2022), a systematic literature review approach was taken to analyze 21 studies which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of our research. Effect sizes for children’s language and communicative skills were analyzed via the random effect model.Results: There were three main findings. First, parent training programs had a small effect size on language ability in children with ASD. Second, tele-therapy had higher effect size than inperson therapy. Lastly, two intervention models, Pivotal Response Treatment and ABA, showed large treatment effects.Conclusion: The results from the present study suggest that parent training programs are helpful for children with ASD in increasing language ability. Tele-therapy showed more efficacy than the in-person therapy. These findings support the efficacy of tele-therapy compared with in-person therapy. Therefore, this study provides preliminary evidence for the use of a digital therapeutics.

Analysis of the food and medicines provision in the northern regions of the USA and Canada

The article is devoted to the analysis of foreign experience in ensuring the availability of medicines and food products for the population of the northern regions of the United States and Canada. The author considers in detail the work of support mechanisms in hard-to-reach places in Alaska and the Northwest Territories of Canada, where there is no transport communication all year round. The content of the U.S. government programs on drug coverage (Medicare and Medicaid), mechanisms of subsidizing food and essential commodities (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Women/Infants and Children Program (WIC), Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP), Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program (FMNP), Senior Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program (SFMNP)) were analyzed. The delivery of food by the Alaska ByPass mail program, which delivers food and necessary goods to hard-to-reach settlements where there are no roads, was studied. The article also pays attention to the state policy on a healthy lifestyle, which includes proper and balanced nutrition, considers state programs and recommendations on nutrition for Americans (Dietary Guidelines for Americans) and Canadians (Canada’s Food Guide). The results of the work can be used in the development of programs and proposals for improving measures to support and provide Arctic regions of the Russian Federation with food products and medicines.

Parent’s Knowledge and Anxiety Levels in Covid-19 Vaccination Program in Children Aged 6-11 Years in Lamongan

Introduction: COVID-19 prevention is currently a major concern for WHO, especially administering the COVID-19 vaccine. However, there are still several problems underlying the achievements of the vaccine administration program in Indonesia, especially the administration of the COVID-19 vaccine to children aged 6-11 years. This study aimed to the relationship between parental knowledge and anxiety levels in implementing the COVID-19 vaccination program for children aged 6-11 years in Lamongan, Indonesia. Method: This study used a cross-sectional design involving a total of 195 respondents. The research was conducted in Lamongan by measuring the level of knowledge and anxiety level of parents in administering the COVID-19 vaccine. The researcher used an instrument of a knowledge level questionnaire and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) which had been tested for validity and reliability, Data were analyzed using pearson correlation test with SPSS. Results: The results showed that 42.6% had sufficient knowledge and only a small proportion of 24.6% had good knowledge. The level of anxiety shows that 49.7% is in the level of severe anxiety and 4.6% is in the level of mild anxiety. Parents with low levels of knowledge also have an impact on severe levels of anxiety. The results of the Pearson correlation test analysis show of sig 2-tailed = 0.002, which means that between the variable parental knowledge and the variable level of anxiety has a significant relationship with the value of the correlation coefficient = 0.223. Conclusions: There is a relationship between the level of knowledge and the anxiety level of parents in administering the COVID-19 vaccine to children aged 6-11 years. Health education related about the benefits and impacts of giving the COVID-19 vaccine needs to be conveyed clearly to the public.

Use of Tinkercad as part of programming in elementary school computer science classes

The possibility of teaching programming in the form of blocks represents a great benefit and is becoming very widespread nowadays. Whether we are talking about children's programming languages, Lego MINDSTORMS or even Arduino programming. It is in connection with Arduino, especially for beginners who do not have sufficient knowledge, that it is appropriate to learn programming not directly on real hardware, but e.g. using the appropriate application. This will reduce the risk of damaging the Arduino by unwanted or inadequate intervention. Such an application is Autodesk Tinkercad. In our post, we will point out the possibility of facilitating learning the meaning of the ASCII table, using a practical example.

Teaching Application of EdTech Tools in Children's Programming Beginners: Take Microbit as an Example

In the post-epidemic era, education and technology are becoming more and more closely related. As technology continues to innovate, the use of scientific and technological software, artificial intelligence, etc. in education is becoming more and more widespread. This article analyses three aspects of education: parents, educational institutions and students, and offers advice and suggestions to educational institutions for improvement based on the views of students and parents. Parents are supportive of their children learning programming languages and are willing to allow their children to use technology in the classroom. However, parents still have concerns about the financial support needed and the negative effects (eye health, etc.) of using technology for their children. Students would like to be able to incorporate more interesting technology into their learning process as this would greatly increase their interest. Educational institutions also find the use of technology in the implementation of their curriculum. However, they still have concerns about investing money in it. We believe that technology plays a vital role in programming education and that if used correctly it can benefit students, parents and educational institutions alike.

Impact On Adl Skills Through Functional Fitness Training Programme In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Impact On Adl Skills Through Functional Fitness Training Programme In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Why do people not attend public library programs in the current digital age? A mix method study in Hong Kong

PurposeThe study aims to investigate the characteristics of the current situation of library programs and explore the possible reasons behind the low participation in Hong Kong. It focuses on the development of library programs in the era of digital technology, which can lead to discussion and reflections on the further development of library programs with innovative technology services.Design/methodology/approachThis study applied a mixed-method research approach to investigate the current situation of library programming and the reasons for low participation in Hong Kong. The first part analyzes the characteristics of library programs offered by the Hong Kong Public Libraries (HKPL) through data collection from the HKPL website. The second part of this study investigated the reasons behind the low participation in library programs through quantitative research through an online survey.FindingsThe findings show that current library programs were dominated by reading activities and children's programs to a great extent, which both users and non-users are not very interested in. Further, most respondents expressed more interest in cultural and leisure events and hands-on activities (especially new technologies related) than traditional library programming. Many lapsed and non-users chose not to attend the library programs for boredom and uselessness. As a result, there is a need for HKPL to adjust its services to stay relevant to the needs and interests of local communities.Originality/valueScant studies explored the reasons behind non-users of public library programs, especially in Asia. This research contributes to the literature by analyzing and proposing the characteristics of the current situation of library programs and exploring the possible reasons behind the low participation in Hong Kong.

Cardiac Rehabilitation Program in Children With Congenital Heart Disease: Promising Results.

Barranco, Mariola Cortina MD, MSc; Velasquez, Alessandra Bertha Castillo MD; Supervia, Marta MD, PhD, MSc, CCRP; Riaño, María Olga Arroyo PhD; Smith, Joshua R. PhD Author Information

Benefits in Cardiac Function from a Remote Exercise Program in Children with Obesity.

Physical activity (PA) is a crucial factor in preventing and treating obesity and related complications. In this one-arm pre−post longitudinal prospective study, we evaluated the effects of a 12-week online supervised training program on cardiac morphology, function and blood pressure (BP) in children with obesity. The training program consisted of three sessions per week, each lasting 60 min. Advanced echocardiographic imaging (tissue Doppler and longitudinal strain analysis) was used to detect subclinical changes in heart function. Categorical variables were described as counts and percentages; quantitative variables as the mean and standard deviation (SD) as they were normally distributed (Shapiro−Wilks test). Pre−post comparisons were made with a paired t-test. A total of 27/38 (71%) enrolled patients (18M/9F, 11 ± 2 years) completed the training protocol and were considered in the analysis. At baseline, no hypertensive patient was noted; all echocardiographic variables were within the normal range. After training, we observed a significant reduction in BP parameters, including systolic BP values and Z-score, diastolic BP values, centiles and Z-score, and mean arterial pressure (all p < 0.05). Significant variations in echocardiographic interventricular septum (IVSd) thickness (p = 0.011), IVSd Z-score (p = 0.001), left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic diameter (p = 0.045), LV posterior wall thickness Z-score (p = 0.017), and LV global longitudinal strain (p = 0.016) were detected. No differences in LV diastolic function and right ventricular strain were noted. PA plays a decisive role in improving BP control and has benefits on left ventricle systolic function, representing a strategic approach to limit CV risk. Online exercise could be an excellent method of training in children with obesity.

Research on Parents' Awareness of Children's Programming Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence--Taking Ningxia Guyuan City as an Example

Research on Parents' Awareness of Children's Programming Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence--Taking Ningxia Guyuan City as an Example

HİDDEN GEM İN CHRİSTOPHER ROBİN'S JUNGLE THE BİRTH OF WİNNİE THE POOH: A CONTENT ANALYSİS

The study was carried out in order to examine the suitability of the film "Goodbye Christopher Robin" about Christopher Robin Milne's biography, which was determined by the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) in the "Family and Children's Films" category with the recommendations of the critics. In this research, the movie "Goodbye Christopher Robin"; a) the fact that children spend most of their time in front of the screen as a habit that is an achievement of the pandemic period, b) The film, which was screened in cinemas in our country in 2017, is broadcast in the broadcast zone on television channels, c) In the context of social learning theory, children's learning by modelling, d) the content of the film is suitable for children and includes concepts related to the development of children, for these reasons, it was found appropriate to analyze this film from a developmental point of view. In this study, which has a qualitative research design, document analysis technique was used. The film Goodbye Christopher Robin was evaluated with the Content Evaluation Form for Children's Programs, which was used as a measurement tool in the study. The form used has 5 basic sub-dimensions. These; the content of children's programs for the physical development of children (contents for psychomotor development, content for the sexual development of the child), the content of children's programs for the cognitive/perceptual development of children, the content of children's programs for the social and emotional development of children, the dimension of other content for the development of the child in children's programs (violence, modeling, family values, family structure) and is the content dimension of children's programs for language development of children. Findings of the evaluation results were presented with descriptive statistics. It was determined that the content of the analyzed film included more content for social and emotional development area, followed by the content for the development of the child, including violence, modeling, family structure, family values, cognitive/perceptual development area content, language development area content, content for psychomotor and sexual development areas within the physical development area, respectively. It was seen that the least amount of content related to sexual development was included in the film. In addition to elements such as anger/violence, which we can evaluate negatively, elements of love that we can express positively are also frequently included in the film. As a result, it was concluded that Goodbye Christopher Robin is a film that can have a positive impact on children from an intellectual point of view when watched purposefully and under adult control.

Kesehatan Gigi Sangat Penting untuk Anak Usia sekolah

Abstract – Toothache in children is a common problem and is felt by children who experience continuous aching teeth. Types of dental problems such as cavities, brittle teeth, are caused by the habit of eating chocolate, candy and not brushing your teeth regularly. In addition to toothache, children also experience abnormalities in the mouth, such as bad breath due to rotten teeth. The event of toothache in children begins when the child begins to grow his teeth perfectly. Range at the age of 1.5 - 6 years. The process of child growth and development has formed a flat tooth arrangement. If at the age of golden age children do not get regular, healthy and proper dental care, it will have an impact on the strength of the teeth in their teens to adulthood. The purpose of this study is to provide understanding and prevention as well as appropriate actions for dental care in children. This research methodology uses a qualitative approach to literature study design. The results of the study explained that the habit of brushing teeth properly and appropriately needs to be given training for children. The role of medical personnel in realizing the healthy teeth movement program for children provides an opportunity for schools to become partners in the children's healthy teeth program regularly every 6 months. Collaboration between dentists, schools and parents can be realized consciously and planned.

EPH73 Diet Quality During the First Two Years of Life and the Women, Infants and Children Program

EPH73 Diet Quality During the First Two Years of Life and the Women, Infants and Children Program

Supplemental Material for The Portrayal of Mental Illness in Popular Children's Programs on Netflix: A Content and Thematic Analysis

Supplemental Material for The Portrayal of Mental Illness in Popular Children's Programs on Netflix: A Content and Thematic Analysis

HOẠT ĐỘNG ĐỌC SÁCH TRANH CHO TRẺ Ở TRƯỜNG MẦM NON

This study aims to present the teachers’ view on making picture book reading a part of the teaching process in kindergarten, and how picture books were used to interact with children in purposeful activities. Quantitative and qualitative methods are combined to determine the current situation of using picture books and the effectiveness of organizing picture book reading activities for children in preschool. Research results show that most preschool teachers rate picture books as suitable learning materials to use in children's education programs. Children have positive reactions and express personal reasoning after interacting with picture books. However, teachers still have difficulty in classifying books suitable for children in each activity. Organizational forms and methods have not exploited optimally the value of picture books in developing necessary skills for preschool children.

The transmission of gender stereotypes through televised patterns of nonverbal bias.

One tacit assumption in social psychology is that people learn gender stereotypes from their environments. Yet, little research has examined how such learning might occur: What are the features of social environments that shape people's gender stereotypes? We propose that nonverbal patterns communicate intersubjective gender norms (i.e., what behaviors people value in women and girls vs. men and boys). Furthermore, we propose that children develop intersubjective gender norms in part because they are commonly and consistently exposed to these nonverbal patterns. Across three studies, we tested the hypotheses that (a) children are frequently exposed to a nonverbal pattern of gender-role bias in which people respond more positively to gender-stereotypical than counterstereotypical girls and boys and (b) emotionally perceptive girls extract meaning from this pattern about what behaviors others value in girls (traditionally feminine behavior) and boys (traditionally masculine behavior). Study 1 indicated that characters across 12 popular U.S. children's TV programs exhibited a small, but consistent nonverbal bias favoring gender-stereotypical TV characters. In Study 2, girls (N = 68; 6-10 years) felt more pressure to be feminine after viewing TV clips that included traditional nonverbal bias than after viewing clips that reversed this bias. As predicted, these results held only to the extent that children could accurately decode nonverbal emotion (i.e., were emotionally perceptive). Study 3 replicated these results (N = 91; 6-11 years). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Parents’ Perspectives of Partnering With Therapists to Administer Intensive Rehabilitation for Children With Perinatal Stroke

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> Parental participation in their young children's rehabilitation has been promoted to increase intervention intensity. Yet, parents' perspectives on increased involvement, including the barriers and facilitators, remain unclear. The objective of this study was to explore parent perspectives of partnering with therapists to administer early, intensive rehabilitation to their children with perinatal stroke. <h3>Design</h3> Parents participated in semi-structured interviews before and after partnering with a physical therapist (PT) to deliver a 12-week intervention for their child. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Interpretive description methodology was used to generate knowledge that is relevant for clinical practice. <h3>Setting</h3> Rehabilitation occurred in the child's home and in pediatric physical therapy clinical sites in three cities in Canada. <h3>Participants</h3> Twelve Parents (11 mothers, 1 father) of children between 8 months and 3 years old with spastic unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) as a result of perinatal stroke. A diverse group was sampled including single parents, parents of one or multiple children, parents working in and outside the home, families who had immigrated to Canada and families with a wide range of previous experience with rehabilitation. <h3>Interventions</h3> The intervention was ELEVATE (Engaging the Lower Extremity Via Active Therapy Early), a play-based PT intervention targeting the lower extremity of children with CP. The intervention was 1 hour/day, 4 days/week for 12 weeks and was administered by a PT in partnership with parents (2 sessions delivered by each/week). <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> N/A. <h3>Results</h3> The three themes were 1) the importance of taking a positive approach to therapy, 2) the focus on maximizing their child's potential, and 3) participating in intensive rehabilitation is "worth it", despite the challenges. Families discussed the importance of making therapy fun, the value of intervening when their child is young, and a number of barriers to participating in intensive rehabilitation including long commutes and requiring child care for siblings. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results will help facilitate meaningful engagement of parents in their children's rehabilitation, especially early, intensive rehabilitation and home exercise programs. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> None.

The Effects of the Pragmatic Intervention Programme in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Language Disorder.

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) frequently face pragmatic impairments which may result in learning, socialization, and mental health difficulties, therefore early intervention is crucial. In Portugal, the Pragmatic Intervention Programme (PICP) has been recently developed and validated, but its effects are unknown. This study aims to determine the effects of the PICP on preschool-age children with ASD or DLD with pragmatic impairments. A non-randomized controlled trial has been conducted. The children (n = 20) were assigned to the intervention (n = 11) or the control group (waiting list) (n = 9). Each child attended 24 PICP-based intervention sessions provided by a Speech and Language Therapist in kindergarten. The primary outcome measure was a Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) rated by parents and kindergarten teachers. Secondary outcomes include parent/teacher-reported communication skills (Escala de Avaliação de Competências Comunicativas) and an assessment of the child's general language ability (Teste de Linguagem-Avaliação da Linguagem Pré-Escolar). GAS results show that all the children in the intervention group made progress. Statistically significant differences between pre- and post-intervention assessments were found for all secondary outcomes. The main findings suggest that the PICP improves language in preschool-age children with ASD and DLD with pragmatic difficulties. Further research is needed to analyse the effects of the PICP for each neurodevelopmental disorder individually. These results are crucial and will contribute to future research and evidence-based practice.