Children's Mobility Research Articles

Bone Mineral Density According To Mobility In Children With Osteogenesis Imperfecta

PURPOSE: Bone Mineral Density According To Mobility In Children With Osteogenesis Imperfect. METHODS: Sample consisted of 8 children of both sexes, 8.2 ± 1.3 years-old, with osteogenesis imperfecta (Type I to IV), body weight:(24.0 ± 7.9 kg; body height: 116.9 ± 14.1 cm; cycles of intravenous pamidronate therapy:(7.2 ± 4.9; and Light Weekly Physical Activity: 55,0 ± 32,7 METs. Those patients were treated at Santa Casa Medical School. Physical activity was determined through a questionnaire [Barros et al, 1993], and CIF:CJ mobility [WHO,2011]. Total bone mineral density, total body less head TBLH, lumbar bone mineral density (g/cm2) were measured through densitometry (Bishop et al, 2008). Statistical analysis: Independente t-test was used for comparing bone density between Type I (who could walk) and Type IV OI children (who moved using a wheelchair). A level of p ≤ .05 was taken as a significant one. RESULTS: Total bone mineral density (g/cm2] was significant higher among Type I OI children [0,759 ± 0,030(g/cm2] than among Type IV ones [0.619 ± 0.090 g/cm2]. There were no siginificant diferences in total body less head TBLH, and in lumbar spine bone mineral density g/cm2. CONCLUSION: Total bone mineral density was higher among OI children who could walk, suggesting the importance of physical activity (mobility) to bone health in children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

WHAT CAN BE LEARNT FROM 130 CHILDREN'S DREAM WHEELCHAIR DESIGNS? ELICITING CHILD-CENTRED INSIGHTS USING AN INTERDISCIPLINARY DESIGN ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK

AbstractThe design of inclusive paediatric mobility (IPM) interventions, such as children's wheelchairs, are entangled with technological, health and social considerations. As narratives around childhood, disability and mobility shift and transform, these entanglements evolve. In order to optimise the experience of childhood mobility, IPM designers must understand and respond to such changes and channel children's own requirements, desires and 'dreams' into the design process; this can be achieved by utilising a child-centred design approach. This paper identifies meaningful child-centred IPM design insights and opportunities through the interdisciplinary analysis of 130 dream wheelchair designs by disabled children, aged 4 to 17 years. A novel interdisciplinary and child-centred design analysis framework is developed to dissect, categorise and code the topics and features expressed through visuals and written descriptions in each of the children's dream wheelchair designs. Children's mobility narratives, desires and requirements are elicited and trending topics are discussed. It is proposed that valuing children's voices in the IPM design process could alter both the process of designing IPM interventions as well as the product outcomes.

KEMAMPUAN MOBILITAS GERAK ANAK USIA DINI 4 SAMPAI 5 TAHUN MELALUI GERAKAN-GERAKAN SENAM

Gymnastic movements can support the physical development of the child such as strength and endurance of muscles. This study aims to find out how teachers' efforts in developing the mobility of early childhood movements 4-5 years through gymnastic movements at tk Negeri Panjang Bandar Lampung. This research is a study involving 2 teachers in class A, the results showed that the efforts of teachers in developing the mobility of children's movement through gymnastic movements in group A as follows: (1) Teachers prepare music and determine the gymnastics used (2) Teachers give guidance to children about gymnastics (3) Teachers arrange the division of rows of children (4) Teachers give examples of gymnastics movements (5) Gymnastics Begins. The teacher's process in developing children's mobility through gymnastic movements has been carried out well. Educators do not have to emphasize the level of success that children do but rather have to look at each child's abilities, because the ability of the child is different.

The effect of violence in childhood on school success factors in US children

BackgroundA robust literature-base on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) provides strong evidence on the relationships between social adversity in childhood and the health and well-being of individuals across the lifespan. One form of social adversity, exposure to violence in childhood, is not only harmful to a child's health and well-being, but detrimental to their performance in school. Poor performance in school may affect educational attainment later in life and hinder a child's upward social mobility. We focus on the impact of violence-related ACEs on school success factors to add new evidence on how violence in childhood affects a child's educational progress. ObjectiveTo examine the impact of violence-related ACEs on school success factors, including grade repetition, school absence, and school-home contact. Participants and settingsThis study uses secondary data analysis of a nationally representative survey, the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), to study a sample of non-institutionalized children aged 6–17 in the US (n = 35,122). MethodsWe employed binary logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression using 95% confidence intervals to analyze the effect of violence in childhood on three school success factors, controlling for socio-demographic and health status characteristics. ResultsWe found that violence in childhood increases the likelihood of grade repetition (OR = 1.47, 95% CI, 1.12–1.92), school-home contact (OR = 2.20, 95% CI, 1.86–2.60), and school absence greater than one week (OR=1.4, 95%CI,1.08-2.00; OR=1.86, 95%CI, 1.36–2.60), controlling for socio-demographic and health status characteristics. ConclusionsViolence in childhood has a statistically significant negative impact on each of the school success factors included in this study.

Analysis of traffic upon school departure: Environment, behaviour, well-being and risk factors for road crashes

IntroductionSchool mobility and traffic in the areas surrounding the school buildings are crucial issues for both sustainability and road safety. The literature on children's safety and school mobility has focused mainly on identifying environmental risk factors for traffic injuries. AimsThe present study analysed the characteristics of the traffic at the time of children leaving school to identify the factors related to both traffic congestion and the risk of traffic injuries. Three aspects characterising the time when children are leaving school were considered. Two aspects concerned the traffic system: the environment (infrastructures and traffic conditions) and road users' behaviours. The third aspect was related to the people's well-being and concerned, more specifically, socialisation and stress at the time of departure from school. MethodThe study involved all primary schools (N = 45) in a medium-sized city in northern Italy. Data were collected through naturalistic observation of the traffic outside the schools. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the traffic characteristics that are significantly related to a greater probability of road crashes. The risk collected for each school was finally classified into three levels (low, medium and high) according to the three considered aspects (environment, behaviours and well-being). ResultsThe results highlighted that the behavioural dimension had the greatest influence on road safety. In fact, in the school areas where risky behaviours like crossing outside the zebra and walking among manoeuvring cars were more frequent, a higher probability of near misses was registered. On the contrary, one infrastructure factor, i.e., the presence of a 30 Km/h speed limit zone, was associated with a lower probability of observed near-misses. ConclusionThe results supported the prospective benefits of training programs targeting both children and parents together with infrastructural improvements to promote safety and safe behaviours outside schools.

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Improves Muscle Strength, Biomechanics of Movement, and Functional Mobility in Children With Chronic Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Chronic neurological disorders (CNDs) generally produce deleterious effects on the musculoskeletal system and can affect physical activity and increase sedentary behavior in children, hindering the execution of training programs and the attainment of a correct dose of exercise. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on skeletal muscle and then on biomechanics of movement, functional mobility, strength, spasticity, muscle architecture, and body composition of children and adolescents with CNDs and chronic diseases. The search was conducted in April 2020 in PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, without publication period restriction. Publications investigating the effect of NMES on children and adolescents with CNDs and other chronic diseases were independently selected by 2 researchers. One author independently extracted data from the studies selected, and a second author cross-checked. Eighteen studies with 595 participants aged between 3 and 14years were included. Quality assessment showed that 50% of the studies presented a low risk of bias. The pooled effect of NMES on gross motor functional measure, calculated as a standardized mean difference using a random effects model, was 0.41 (95% CI = 0.19-0.64). The use of NMES programs for children diagnosed with cerebral palsy, spinal muscular atrophy, and obstetric injury of the brachial plexus was effective in improving muscle strength, biomechanics of movement, and functional mobility. NMES can be a useful tool to prevent the reduction of mobility that results from CNDs.

Disrupted Access to Therapies and Impact on Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic for Children With Motor Impairment and Their Caregivers.

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to rehabilitation therapies and the impact of changes in therapy access on the physical and mental well-being of children with motor impairment and their caregivers. Caregivers of children younger than 18 yrs with childhood-onset motor impairment (primarily cerebral palsy) completed an anonymous survey through the online platform REDCap between May 5 and July 13, 2020. The survey was completed by 102 participants. Before the pandemic, 92 of 102 children (90%) were receiving one or more therapies; at the time surveyed, 55 children (54%) were receiving any therapies (P < 0.001). More than 40% of the sample reported increased child stress, decreased physical activity, and/or decline in mobility/movement. Participants who reported a decrease in number of therapies at the time surveyed more frequently reported lower satisfaction with treatment delivery (P < 0.001), a decline in child's mobility (P = 0.001), and increased caregiver stress (P = 0.004). Five qualitative themes were identified from open-ended question responses related to therapies and well-being. Access to pediatric rehabilitation therapies was disrupted during COVID-19. Disrupted access may be related to impact on physical and mental health. With the expansion of telehealth, caregiver and child feedback should be incorporated to optimize benefit.

Geography of mobility and parenting behavior in low income families

BackgroundThe geographic location of birth has implications for low-income children's upward economic mobility, as Chetty, Hendren, Kline, and Saez (2014) found in an examination of millions of income tax records from each county in the US. Additional work indicates that low income children in higher economic mobility counties have higher language scores and fewer behavioral problems (Donnelly et al., 2017). However, the processes by which the geography of opportunity influences parenting are less well-understood. ObjectiveThis study examines whether living in higher intergenerational mobility counties is associated with less harsh parenting, material hardship, household violence and substance use, and low child supervision – parenting behaviors that increase the risk for child maltreatment – for low-income families. DataData come from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal birth cohort of low income families in 20 cities in the U.S (N ~, 2841; 76% lower (household income of $41,994 or less) and 24% higher-income) linked to county level data on intergenerational mobility from the Equality of Opportunity Project. MethodsWe estimate OLS and Linear Probability regressions of the association between (1) exposure to county-level intergenerational mobility and (2) number of waves of exposure to county intergenerational mobility 1 standard deviation above the mean and maternal parenting behaviors. ResultsA 1 standard deviation increase in county level intergenerational mobility is associated with decreases in harsh parenting, but not indicators of neglect. Longer exposure to high intergenerational mobility areas was associated with decreased maternal harsh parenting and risk for child maltreatment. ConclusionsFor low-income children, higher intergenerational mobility is associated with decreased risk of harsh parenting, particularly at younger ages, as is longer exposure to high intergenerational mobility areas. That lower-income families are less likely to live in economically mobile geographies may exacerbate inequalities among income groups.

Ultrasound Evaluation of Gallbladder Mobility in Children with Chronic Functional Constipation

Introduction: The causes of chronic functional constipation are largely unknown and may be a multifactorial disorder. Gallbladder dysfunction in chronic idiopathic constipation may be an underlying cause of idiopathic constipation. Methods: Children between the ages of 3 to 13 years in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Ahvaz, who suffered from functional constipation, From pediatric gastroenterology clinic were referred to us for conducting gallbladder ultrasound. In this study, 50 patients with chronic functional constipation and 50 healthy individuals (control group) were studied.Results: The mean volume of gallbladder in fasting mode (preprandial) and after meal (postprandial) in individuals of the case group was 5.66 and 4.17 cm3 with standard deviation of 0.80 and 0.64, respectively, and in the control group was 6.08 and 3.06 cm3 with standard deviation of 0.97 and 0.75, respectively. The thickness of the gallbladder wall in fasting mode (preprandial) and after meal (postprandial) in the case group is 1.50 and 1.67 mm with a standard deviation of 0.24 and 0.29 mm, respectively, and in the control group, it is equal to 1.39 and 1.69 with a standard deviation of 0.22 and 0.28, respectively.It was observed a significant relationship in terms of gallbladder volume after meals between case and control groups (P 0.05).Discussion: Due to the slow mobility of the gallbladder in patients with chronic functional constipation, it can be concluded that gallbladder dysfunction can be a cause of chronic functional constipation.

573 Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Total Sleep Duration is Associated With Problems with Physical Function Mobility in Children

Abstract Introduction To identify the effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and sleep duration on problems with health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in children. Methods Children ages 8–18 years visiting sleep laboratory from 07/2019 to 01/2020 for overnight PSG participated in the study. Controls seen during 01/2020-02/2020 for issues other than sleep disturbance were recruited from the primary care pediatric clinics. HR-QoL was assessed by PROMIS V1.0 questionnaires. Statistical analysis was conducted using R 3.6.0. Results 122 children were studied: 64 males (52.4%).Twenty-nine(29.2%) had mild OSA, 8 (8.1%) moderate OSA, 17 (17.1%) severe OSA,46 (46.4%) were diagnosed with No-OSA and 22 (18.0%) were controls. Patients visiting the sleep laboratory had lower physical function mobility compared to controls (p=0.004). With increasing severity of OSA, there was a step wise decrease in physical function mobility (p=0.01). Correlation analysis suggested that physical function mobility was positively associated with total sleep duration (p=0.02) and negatively associated with apnea hypopnea index (p=0.01). Symptoms of anxiety in children was positively associated with number of arousals (p=0.04). Age was positively associated with fatigue (p=0.02) and negatively associated with deep sleep (p&amp;lt;0.001). Regression analysis confirmed that physical function mobility was associated with total sleep duration (p=0.04) and AHI (p=0.02) after controlling for age, gender and number of arousals. Conclusion We found interrupted sleep associated with symptoms of anxiety. OSA and reduced sleep duration are associated with problems with physical function mobility after adjusting for age, gender and number of arousals. Support (if any) None

Neuroradiologic Features Associated With Severe Restriction of Functional Mobility in Children With Cerebral Palsy in North India.

Few studies have focused on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain findings associated with functional mobility in cerebral palsy. To determine association between MRI findings and Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS) levels in cerebral palsy. Prospective-observational study conducted in Pediatric Neurology Clinic at a public teaching hospital, Northern India. First 3 new cases of cerebral palsy were enrolled on particular neuro-clinic day per week for 1 year. Functional mobility was classified according to GMFCS. Association between MRI findings, cerebral palsy type, and GMFCS levels were evaluated using χ2 test. A total of 138 cases (mean age 2.71 [SD = 1.91] years; male [64.5%]) were enrolled. Reported types of cerebral palsy were as follows: spastic quadriplegia (47.8%), spastic diplegia (28.35%), spastic hemiplegia (11.6%), extrapyramidal (6.5%), and ataxic/hypotonic (5.8%). GMFCS were classified into level 1 (13%), level 2 (7.2%), level 3 (4.3%), level 4 (10.9%), and level 5 (64.5%). Spastic quadriplegia and extrapyramidal cerebral palsy were significantly associated with higher (severe) levels (IV and V), whereas spastic diplegia and hemiplegia were significantly associated with lower (mild) levels (I-III) of GMFCS. MRI features of periventricular white matter injury, deep gray matter injury, basal ganglia and thalamic changes, and superficial gray matter injury were significantly associated with severe levels of GMFCS (V and IV). MRI was normal in 8 children (5 = mild category, 3 = severe category). Severe cerebral palsy is most often associated with spastic quadriplegia, extrapyramidal cerebral palsy, superficial gray matter lesions, deep gray matter lesions, and periventricular white matter injury. This information is useful for anticipating and addressing the needs of children with cerebral palsy and for prognostication.

Exposure to unhealthy product advertising: Spatial proximity analysis to schools and socio-economic inequalities in daily exposure measured using Scottish Children's individual-level GPS data.

This study aimed to understand socio-spatial inequalities in the placement of unhealthy commodity advertisements at transportation stops within the Central Belt of Scotland and to measure advertisement exposure using children's individual-level mobility data. We found that children who resided within more deprived areas had greater contact with the transport network and also greater exposure to unhealthy food and drink product advertising, compared to those living in less deprived areas. Individual-level mobility data provide evidence that city- or country-wide restrictions to advertising on the transport network might be required to reduce inequalities in children's exposure to unhealthy commodity advertising.

Family socio-economic status and children's executive function: The moderating effects of parental subjective socio-economic status and children's subjective social mobility.

Family socio-economic status (SES) is significantly related to disparities in children's executive function. Children from economically disadvantaged backgrounds perform worse on executive function tasks than their peers from high-SES families. The protective factors in the relationship between SES and executive function have not been sufficiently investigated, especially from the perspective of parents' and children's perceptions and expectations regarding SES. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether parental subjective SES and children's subjective social mobility separately moderated the relationship between family SES and children's executive function among 885 participants aged 9-13years. The results showed that family SES was positively related to the three components of executive function (cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and working memory). Moreover, the relationship between SES and cognitive flexibility was weak among the children with a high level of subjective social mobility or those whose parents had high levels of subjective SES. Among children from families with economic hardship, subjective social mobility is a potential protective factor mitigating the negative effects of low family SES on their cognitive flexibility.

Методика розвитку фізичних якостей в учнів молодшого шкільного віку засобами рухливих ігор

The article is devoted to the research of the problem of development of physical qualities in pupils of primary school age by means of mobile games. The aim of the article is to analyze the scientific literature on the researched problem and to reveal the methods of development of physical qualities in primary school students by means of moving games. Physical, or motor, qualities are explained as indicators of the child's mobility. Their development occurs continuously during the growth and development of the child, but unevenly. Active motor activity promotes faster, and most importantly – more harmonious maturation of morphological structures and functional systems of the student's body. With the help of physical exercises and moving games, you can actively influence the process of development of physical qualities of the student, to manage their development. Carrying out a comprehensive approach to the formation of physical qualities of primary school children, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of speed, agility, endurance and flexibility, ie those qualities that are most actively developed in primary school students. A significant place in the child's play activities are occupied by games in which various motor actions in the form of walking, running, jumping, etc. are performed. Moving game is defined as one of the main means and methods of physical education and is used mainly at the stage of consolidation and improvement of motor skills. Its value lies in the fact that the mobile game evokes positive emotions, feelings of satisfaction, cheerfulness, activity, has a positive effect on the mental and physical development of the preschooler, contributes to the enrichment of motor experience of students. The purpose of moving games is to develop physical perfection in the form of physical qualities, strengthen health and shape the personality of students. A method of developing physical qualities in primary school students based on the use of moving games has been developed.

'What if it were like this?' Perception of mothers of children with cerebral palsy about the ankle-foot orthosis of their children: A qualitative study.

The family-centred approach is fundamental in the therapeutic process of children with cerebral palsy (CP), and the increased competence of parents about therapeutic devices, especially orthoses, can facilitate its implementation, thus intensifying the benefits that this device provides. The aim of this study was to understand the perception of mothers of children with CP in relation to their children's ankle-foot orthosis. This is a qualitative study using thematic content analysis technique. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews from 24 mothers of children with Levels IV and V of CP according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), who were attended at a philanthropic rehabilitation centre. Three categories were identified from analyzing the interviews: benefits of the orthosis, the orthosis in the child's daily life and 'What if it were like this?' According to the mothers' perceptions, the ankle-foot orthosis improved their child's mobility. The orthoses are used in different contexts in the child's daily life, and the mothers pointed out suggestions regarding personalizing the orthosis with different colors and patterns, increasing comfort and facilitating the way in which the device is placed.

Locomotor and robotic assistive gait training for children with cerebral palsy.

To determine if robotic assisted gait training (RAGT) using surface muscle electrical stimulation and locomotor training enhances mobility outcomes when compared to locomotor training alone in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Forty children (18 females, 22 males; mean age 8y 1mo, SD 2y 1mo; range 5y 1mo-12y 11mo) with CP in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels (GMFCS) III, IV, and V were randomly assigned to the RAGT and locomotor training (RAGT+LT) group or locomotor training only group (dosage for both: three 1-hour sessions a week for 6weeks). Outcomes were assessed at baseline T1 (week 0), post-treatment T2 (week 6), and retention T3 (week 26). The primary outcome measure was the Goal Attainment Scale. Secondary outcome measures included the 10-metre walk test, children's functional independence measure mobility and self-care domain, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, and the Gross Motor Function Measure. There were no significant differences between the groups for both the primary and secondary outcome measures. All participants completed the intervention in their original group allocation. There were no reported adverse events. The addition of RAGT to locomotor training does not significantly improve motor outcomes in children with CP in GMFCS levels III, IV, and V. Future studies could investigate health and well-being outcomes after locomotor training. Marginally ambulant and non-ambulant children with cerebral palsy can participate in locomotor training. Robotic assisted gait training when added to locomotor training does not appear to be any more effective than locomotor training alone.

Effect of Dual Task Training on Balance and Functional Mobility in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Research background. It was found that dual task training improves functional abilities in subjects with neurological disorders, however it is not known how dual task training affects balance and functional mobility in children with cerebral palsy (CP).The aim. To determine the effectiveness of dual motor tasks training and basic physiotherapy programme on balance and functional mobility in children with spastic diplegic CP.Methods. The study included 20 children with spastic diplegic CP. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups: control group (40 min basic physiotherapy programme) and experimental group (20 min basic physiotherapy programme and 20 min dual motor task training). Physiotherapy was applied for 3 weeks (5 times a week). Balance and functional mobility were assessed at baseline and at the end.Results. There was a statistically significant improvement in balance and functional mobility in both the control and experimental groups after three weeks of physiotherapy (p &lt; 0.05). Comparing two groups with each other, there was a statistically significant improvement in the experimental group on balance and walking (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion. Dual task training can be used as an effective intervention to improve balance and walking in children with spastic diplegic CP.Keywords: motor tasks, cerebral palsy, balance, functional mobility.

&lt;p&gt;Parental Perception of a Dental Home for Children with Special Needs&lt;/p&gt;

Background and ObjectivesThere is a major gap in the literature that addresses parental perception of acquiring a dental home for children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN). The objectives of this study are to assess parental perceptions and challenges in acquiring a dental home for their CSHCN.MethodsCross-sectional prospective study using a questionnaire.ResultsA total of 302 questionnaires were completed by caregivers. More than 70% of children had developmental delay, 20% had musculoskeletal disabilities, and the rest had respiratory compromise on non-invasive ventilation, learning disability, and visual and hearing disabilities; 75% of the caregivers do not believe pediatricians are qualified to contribute in oral hygiene. Moreover, 70% of children had not had a routine dentist visit in the 12 months preceding the interview. The reasons given for the lack of such visits included the long time of appointments (25%), difficulty in child’s mobility (17%), the perception that dental care is expensive (9%), and a lack of dentist experience in dealing with children with special needs (5%). When asked what factors would encourage caregivers to choose a dental home for their children, 63% mentioned quick appointments, followed by dentists specialized in children with special needs (51%), child friendly atmosphere (21%), low cost (26.6%), close to home (20%), and others (6%). Interestingly, the majority of parents (75%) believed that the primary pediatrician of the child should initiate the dental home process.ConclusionDespite proper resources, children with special healthcare needs lack proper oral healthcare. This could be attributed to the lack of a dental home. A pediatrician’s role is crucial in initiating the process of acquiring a dental home for this special population.

Agreement Between Child Self-report and Caregiver-Proxy Report for Symptoms and Functioning of Children Undergoing Cancer Treatment

Adult patients are considered the best reporters of their own health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Self-report in pediatrics has been challenged by a limited array of valid measures. Caregiver report is therefore often used as a proxy for child report. To examine the degree of alignment between child and caregiver proxy report for Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) HRQOL domains among children with cancer and to identify factors associated with better child and caregiver-proxy congruence. In this multicenter cohort study, children with a first cancer diagnosis and their caregivers completed surveys at 2 time points: within 72 hours preceding treatment initiation (T1) and during follow-up (T2), when symptom burden was expected to be higher (eg, 7-17 days later for chemotherapy). Data were collected from October 26, 2016, to October 5, 2018, at 9 pediatric oncology hospitals. Five hundred eighty children (aged 7-18 years) and their caregivers were approached; 482 child-caregiver dyads completed surveys at T1 (response rate 83%), and 403 completed surveys at T2 (84% of T1 participants). Data were analyzed from July 1, 2019, to April 22, 2020. Participants received up-front cancer treatment, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Congruence between child self-report and caregiver-proxy report of PROMIS pediatric domains of mobility (physical functioning), pain interference, fatigue, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and psychological stress. Of the 482 dyads included in the analysis, 262 children (54%) were male (mean [SD] age, 12.9 [3.4] years), 80 (17%) were Black, and 71 (15%) were Hispanic. Intraclass correlations between child self-report and caregiver proxy report showed moderate agreement for mobility (0.57 [95% CI, 0.50-0.63]) and poor agreement for symptoms (range, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.24-0.41] for fatigue to 0.42 [95% CI, 0.34-0.50] for psychological stress). Children reported lower symptom burden and higher mobility than caregivers reported. In a multivariable model adjusted for child and parent sociodemographic factors and the caregiver's own self-reported HRQOL, caregivers reported the child's mobility score 6.00 points worse than the child's self-report at T2 (95% CI, -7.45 to -4.51), exceeding the PROMIS minimally important difference of 3 points. Caregivers overestimated the child's self-reported symptom levels, ranging from 5.79 (95% CI, 3.99-7.60) points for psychological stress to 13.69 (95% CI, 11.60-15.78) points for fatigue. The caregiver's own self-reported HRQOL was associated with the magnitude of difference between child and caregiver scores for all domains except mobility; for example, for fatigue, the magnitude of difference between child and caregiver-proxy scores increased by 0.21 (95% CI, 0.13-0.30) points for each 1-point increase in the caregiver's own fatigue score. This study found that caregivers consistently overestimated symptoms and underestimated mobility relative to the children themselves. These results suggest that elicitation of the child's own report should be pursued whenever possible.

Bracelets around their wrists, bracelets around their worlds: materialities and mobilities in (researching) young children's lives

ABSTRACT While the study of children's everyday mobility has focused on school-aged children and their everyday corporeal movements, this paper – based on mobilities, new materialisms and post-human perspectives – suggests a move towards the study of mobilities in children's lives. This is an approach that considers all forms of movement involved in the everyday lives of children, not only the ones performed by them but also around, in relation to or towards them, by human and more-than-human others. Four ethnographic vignettes emerging from research in Chile and the UK explore some entanglements between different objects (an IPad, a pushchair and two bracelets) and young children to illustrate some of the interdependencies that characterise mobilities in children's lives. This approach can help us to understand (young) children's positioning in the world, considering their multi-scalar connections to unobserved/unperceived places and events.