Children Of Early Age Research Articles

Hubungan Keterlibatan Orang Tua dan Motivasi Membaca dengan Pemahaman Bacaan pada Anak Usia Pembaca Awal

Literacy skills are important to develop especially in early reading age children. Based on a literature review, it is known that there is a relationship between parental involvement and reading motivation on reading comprehension in early reading children. The research was conducted on students and guardian parents of class II SDI Raudlatul Jannah with an age range of 7-8 years. Subjects from the target population of this study were determined based on purposive sampling technique. Based on the research results, the relationship between parental involvement and motivation to read with reading comprehension is not significant. The research results may be influenced by the learning methods in schools and the number of research samples.

Knowledge of Mothers' Behavioral Training About Oral Hygiene of Elementary School Children at RSGM Baiturrahmah

Background Parents need to know, how to teach and train their children to take care of their teeth from early age because because early age child have reached motor maturity followed by intellectual development. Parents who have low knowledge children's care tend to ignore and not support their children's dental health. Parents and children must work together to maintain good oral hygiene.It can be seen that poor parental attitudes generally reflect poor oral health in children and vice versa. Objectives: to describe mothers’ knowledge about oral hygiene attitudes and practices out how the role of mothers in maintaining children's teeth and to determine the health of children's teeth. Methods: using questionnaires and descriptive analysis of probability sampling approach by combining aspects of stratification and cluster sampling in the IKGA (Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi Anak) lab room, Baiturrahmah University, around 30 respondents were sampled in each place and randomly selected. Results: from the results of the study, it was found that mothers who graduated from school were 34.72% and mothers who graduated from diploma/bachelor were 65.28% of the population, 10 (35%) have only attended elementary school and 20 (65%) mothers who graduated. Conclusion: Mothers are less aware of dental disease prevention measures, the importance of brushing teeth, and visits to the dentist. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the government and health service providers to provide knowledge on oral health to mothers, because they are role models for their children.

FORMATION OF PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND ITS NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

From a very early age children are capable on prosocial acts: giving objects, comforting and sharing with other people. This review considers modern research on the patterns and neurophysiological mechanisms of helping behavior (HB) formation in early childhood, including the results of the authors’ own work. Methods for HB researching in infants and young children are presented. The factors of development and neurophysiological mechanisms of instrumental, empathic and altruistic HB, and the role of empathy in these kinds of behaviors are analyzed. We also described data about involvement of various brain structures (for example, the mirror system as extended part of sensorimotor and emotional neural networks) in implementation of HB. The importance of research into the mechanisms of prosocial behavior for the full-fledged upbringing and education of children in the conditions of modern society is emphasized.

Features of left ventricle longitudinal strain in children from one to five years old, born with low, very low, and extremely low body weight

Purpose. The study assessed left ventricle longitudinal strain of the endocardial, middle, and epicardial layers in children from one to five years old, born with low, very low, and extremely low body weight.Material and methods. The study was performed in 204 children aged from one to five years; of these, 53 children were prematurely born late in pregnancy, 103 children were born very preterm, and 48 children were born healthy and full-term. The left ventricle longitudinal strain of the endocardial, middle, and epicardial layers was assessed off-line using the Speckle Tracking Imaging-2D Strain technology.Results. Disturbance of the transmural gradient strain of left ventricle wall were detected in 11.32% of prematurely born late in pregnancy children and in 16.5% of very preterm children. A decrease of left ventricle segments strain was registered in 33.96% of children prematurely born late in pregnancy and in 18.44% very preterm children. In children of the same age, born healthy and full-term, transmural wall gradient disturbances and decrease of strain in left ventricle segments were not observed. In children prematurely born late in pregnancy, the disturbance of the transmural strain gradient of left ventricle and the decrease of strain in left ventricle segments are not associated with left ventricle remodeling.Conclusion. The development of the cardiovascular system in children of early and preschool age, born prematurely with low, very low, and extremely low body weight, is characterized by disturbances in the transmural strain gradient of left ventricle wall, due to the processes of postnatal growth and development of the child’s heart, which requires monitoring on an outpatient basis in polyclinic in childhood — by a pediatric cardiologist and a pediatrician, and in adulthood — by a cardiologist and therapist.

Педіатричні аспекти гострого гематогенного остеомієліту в дитини раннього віку: клінічний випадок

Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is one of the common bacterial infections in children of early age, which is accompanied by mild symptoms at the initial stage of diagnosis. The onset of the disease is usually acute with fever, intoxication syndrome, focal signs of bone inflammation and limitation of limb function. Purpose - to show the features of diagnosis and treatment of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in an infant based on clinical observation. Clinical case. The clinical case of a child of early age with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis, who was hospitalized with complaints of an increase in body temperature up to 40°C, restlessness, swelling and hyperemia of the lower part of the right thigh and right knee joint, and movement disorders in the right leg, was presented. The general condition of the child upon admission is severe due to intoxication, hyperthermic syndromes and local changes in the right lower limb, which was in a forced position, pronation. There were no active movements in the right leg, passives ones were painful. Rotational movements in the right leg are possible, but painful. The soft tissues in the area of the right hip and knee joints, as well as the thighs, were not changed in color, their swelling was noted. Conclusions. Symptoms of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in young children are often nonspecific. Intoxication syndrome symptoms and local changes as movement disorders in the limb in children of this age group dominate. Pain can be detected during the examination, which is clearly localized with sensitivity over the infected bone; edema may be present. Changes of complete blood count are mild, while the determination of C-reactive protein during the initial evaluation can serve as a baseline value for sequential monitoring. The sensitivity of X-ray examination at the beginning of the disease is low, radiological changes appear only 7-21 days after infection. Empiric antimicrobial therapy aimed at Staphylococcus aureus should be prescribed immediately after the detection of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis clinical signs even before receiving results of additional research methods. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Analysis of the prevalence of arterial hypertension in the child population of the city of Grodno in the pre-covid and during the SARS-CоV-2 pandemic period

BACKGROUND: One of the leading problems in pediatric cardiology in recent years has become arterial hypertension, which worldwide tends to increase the share of this pathology in the structure of cardiovascular diseases.
 AIM: The aim of the study is to analyze the prevalence of arterial hypertension in the childrens population of Grodno in the pre-COVID period and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The level of the incidence of arterial hypertension, gender and age characteristics of the pathology were studied using reports on medical care for children (Form 1 children of the Ministry of Health) for 20102019, analytical and market reports, reviews and certificates of the chief freelance pediatric cardiologist of the Health Department of the Grodno Region, chief physicians and city pediatricians. During the period of work in the time of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic from January 2021 to September 2021, the course of 99 cases of arterial hypertension in children was analyzed.
 RESULTS: An increase in the overall incidence of arterial hypertension in children from 55.67 to 99.92 was established in Grodno, and a relative pattern of reliability of incidence occurred, the incidence was 27.33 (2010) and 28.11 (2019) cases per 100,000 children early age, and a 1.5-fold increase in the share of this pathology in the structure of cardiovascular diseases over the analyzed period. Almost the same proportion of cases of arterial hypertension was revealed in the entire childrens population of Grodno both before the pandemic and during the pandemic.
 CONCLUSIONS: For the period 20102019, an increase in the overall incidence of arterial hypertension in the childrens population of Grodno was revealed. Compared with the pre-COVID period during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the prevalence of newly diagnosed hypertension in the same population has not changed.

ПРЕНАТАЛЬНЫЙ И НЕОНАТАЛЬНЫЙ СКРИНИНГ НОВОРОЖДЕННЫХ

Thorough observation after childbirth and additional examination of newborns based on prenatal and neonatal screening, including the screening of blood, hearing, congenital heart defects and other organs and systems, and in case of indications for hereditary diseases - the genetic examination, does allow not only at the clinical, but also at the pre-clinical stage the planning of preventive and therapeutic measures for newborns and early-age children. This read offers a working algorithm for prenatal and neonatal screening of newborns.

МИКРОБИОМ ВЕРХНИХ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПУТЕЙ У ДЕТЕЙ РАННЕГО И ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА

This bibliographical review provides an analysis of modern domestic and foreign sources on the microbiome of the upper respiratory tract (URT) in children of early and preschool ages. It was discovered using the genetic sequencing method that the mucous membranes of the URT are inhabited by a wide range of bacteria belonging to the genera Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria, with the predominant genera Moraxella, Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Flavobacteria, Corynebacterium and Neisseria. Colonization of the URT begins at birth and continues into the first 3 years of a child's life. It is influenced by the method of delivery as well as the environmental microbiome in the baby's environment. Normal microbiota has colonization resistance, prevents the colonization of pathogenic flora, and also competes with pathogens. It has been proven that microbiota profiles in infants and preschool children vary depending on the season. One of the important areas of research is the assessment of the impact of antiseptics and antibiotics, as well as probiotic preparations, on the microbiota.

Health consequences and control of the use of information and communication technologies by children and adolescents: literature review

The review reflects publications in the field of medicine, psychology and sociology, covering: the negative impact of the uncontrolled use of information and communication technologies on the health of the child and adolescent population in the broad sense of the term health, covering not only physical, but also psychological, and social well-being. The results of medical observations and psychological research indicate that digital technologies have become a significant factor affecting the health of children and adolescents, the development of their cognitive functions, emotional and social development. Mass surveys have revealed an increase in the duration of daily use of digital devices and the Internet by the younger generation, a significant part of the surveyed adolescents are now classified as abusers of computer games and the Internet, there is also a category of users with signs of forming or developing dependence on computer games and the Internet. Considering that communication in social networks takes a significant share of the younger generations time, influencing the user, the review reflects studies of the peculiarities of communication between adolescents and young people in social networks. Taking into account that the use of electronic learning tools creates a burden on students, studies are highlighted that raise the issue of comparing the effectiveness of using digital learning tools relative to traditional forms of learning. It is well known that parental control of the use of communication technologies by children is a condition for preserving their health. Surveys show insufficient competence of parents in this matter. There is a need for sociological research of parents ideas about the specifics of the risks of using digital technologies for the health of children and adolescents of different ages, educating the population about these risks, especially the risks to the health of children of early and preschool age.

TREC as a personalized tuberculosis predictor in infants and preschool children

Aim. Quantitative assessment of TREC and KREC in infants and preschool children infected with tuberculosis infection (TI). Material and methods. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022. The observation group consisted of 87 children of early childhood age in contact with TB patients, of whom 27 were diagnosed with TB, 34 were tested positive to TB based on skin tests without signs of a local specific process (TI), 26 were children without signs of tuberculosis infection according to the results of skin tests and local process (conditionally healthy children).Results. The following factors significant in the assessment of tuberculosis infection were determined: anti-tuberculosis therapy (F = 42.001; p = 0.000001); positive or negative response to the tuberculosis recombinant allergen (RTA) during an intradermal test (F = 39.394; p = 0.000001); high TREC levels in the blood (F = 12.707; p = 0.000001); the presence of a tuberculin response (F = 10.625; p = 0.000006); and KREC levels (F = 3.182; p = 0.039). Conclusions. According to the obtained results, TREC levels can be considered as a personalized risk predictor of tuberculosis infection in infants and preschool children.

Psychological and pedagogical conditions for establishing the foundations of reading interest and perception of artistic works in children of early age

Psychological and pedagogical conditions for establishing the foundations of reading interest and perception of artistic works in children of early age

Сравнительный анализ результатов онлайн-анкетирования матерей и амбулаторного наблюдения детей первого года жизни с функциональными расстройствами органов пищеварения

Objective. To compare the results of an online survey of mothers of children aged 0–12 months and outpatient observation of children of the same age using a parental questionnaire for the identification of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) according to the Rome IV criteria. Patients and methods. A total of 387 questionnaires completed by mothers of children aged 0–12 months were analyzed, as well as the results of observation of 61 children performed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. Results. Analysis of the results of an online survey of mothers of children aged 0–12 months and observation of children of the same age revealed no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of FGIDs between these groups. The prevalence of regurgitation, infant colic, and dyschezia gradually decreased by 12 months of age in contrast to constipation, which debuted at the age of 3 months and by 12 months occurred with a prevalence of up to 14.9 and 8.2%, according to questionnaires completed by mothers and outpatient examinations, respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusion. The results indicate the potential use of online surveys of mothers as a screening diagnostic tool for FGIDs in children of early age. Key words: children, functional gastrointestinal disorders, Rome IV Criteria, online survey, regurgitation, colic, dyschezia, constipation, first year of life

Allergic adverse reactions in children following tuberculosis chemotherapy

Introduction. Tolerability of anti-TB chemotherapy in children is an urgent problem. The study is devoted to the characteristics of adverse reactions (AR) of an aller-gic type (allergic and toxic-allergic) and the factors con-tributing to their occurrence. Materials and methods. The retrospective study included 146 children aged 0 to 14 years with respiratory TB who received TB chemo-therapy, including 22 children with multidrug-resistant agent contact (MDR-TB). The spectrum of clinical and laboratory manifestations of АRs, frequency, risk factors were studied. Results. ARswith an allergic component were observed in 54 (37.0%) children, among them allergic in 32 (21.9%) and toxic-allergic in 22 (15.1%). The most common allergic reaction was asymptomatic eosinophilia (81.2%), in other cases, a combination of eosinophilia with dermatitis or only skin manifestations. A mild degree of eosinophilia prevailed, but in 3 patients it was severe (more than 20% of eosinophils in the leuk-ogram). In toxic-allergic reactions, signs of allergy were combined with an increase in liver enzymes in 59.0% of children, less often with other disorders. It was found that the early age of children, complicated course of TB, MDR-TB regimen, hyperergic skin tests do not increase the chance of developing allergic ARs. A burdened aller-gic history increases the chance of allergic АR to anti-TB drugs 2.8 times, and the presence of a primary affect in the lung 3.1 times. Temporary discontinuation or re-placement of drugs was required much more often in toxic-allergic reactions — 40.9% than in allergic ones — 18.7% (р <0.05). Allergic and toxic-allergic reactions were reversible. Conclusion. In the development of АRs to anti-TB drugs in children, the allergic factor is of sig-nificant importance. The creation of laboratory methods for diagnosing allergic reactions to anti-TB drugs would be useful

Применение методики «Диагностика психического развития детей от рождения до трех лет» в клинической психологии и психиатрии

Background. Ye methodology “Diagnostics of the mental development of children from birth to 3 years” was developed by the team of authors under the guidance of E.O. Smirnova. Ye methodology is aimed at determining the levels of development of communication, objective activity and play in infants and young children. Ye experimental nature of the examination procedure and the innovative system of diagnostic parameters, which is interdisciplinary in its nature, determines the interest in it among clinical psychologists and psychiatrists. Objective. Ye study is meant to assess the possibilities of using the methodology “Diagnosis …” in clinical psychology and psychiatry, as well as to outline the ways to adapt it to the peculiarities of clinical-psychological and psychiatric examination for children at early and preschool age. Method. Ye study involved children of early and preschool age with veriZed psychiatric diagnoses. Ye data were obtained through observation of communication, objective activity and play of children during examination with the “Diagnostics …” method and during psychiatric and clinical-psychological examination. Ye article presents the qualitative results of the study and their analysis. Results. It was shown that the technique is e[ective in psychiatric and clinical-psychological examination of children and allows to obtain data that are highly informative and novel. Yis applies to the parameters of child’s development: initiative and sensitivity in communication, purposefulness of activities, the desire to act according to the model, orientation to the assessment by an adult, speech accompaniment of activities, duration of game, variety of playing actions, imagination, etc. Ye study also showed that the technique proves to be e[ective beyond an early age for children, su[ering from mental disorders. Conclusion. Ye results obtained allow us to consider the technique as an adequate tool not only for psychological and pedagogical, but also for clinical-psychological and medical research. At the same time, it is necessary to conduct additional interdisciplinary research in order to adapt this technique for the purposes of scientiZc and practical application in clinical psychology and psychiatry.

Усугубление дефицита витамина D от рождения до старшего школьного возраста в г. Хабаровске в осенне-зимний сезон

Objective. To determine the vitamin D supply of children in different age groups to identify risk groups based on its low status. Patients and methods. Study design: observational, analytical, cross-sectional. By using a random sampling method, the study included relatively healthy children aged 0 to 18 years (n = 226), undergoing examination in medical organizations of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Territory in the autumn-winter period. Children were divided into groups, according to the age range: newborns (n = 67), early years (1–3 years, n = 58), preschool age (4–6 years, n = 37), primary school age (7–9 years, n = 34) and teenagers (10–18 years, n = 30). Quantitative determination of the level 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in blood serum was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis. Results. The low vitamin D level was detected is one in every two children in the population in Khabarovsk (47.8%). An increase in the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was found as children grew older (p < 0.001) and, accordingly, a decrease in its adequate supply (p < 0.001). The highest prevalence of low vitamin D status was determined in children aged 10–18 years (80.0%), slightly less in primary schoolchildren (67.6%), vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency occurred in preschool and early age children in 64 .9 and 46.6% of cases, respectively, and significantly less often in newborns – 14.9% (p < 0.001). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in school-age children was 2 times (OR = 1.939; 95% CI 1.011–3.720) higher compared to children aged 1 to 6 years. Conclusion. The study demonstrates the high prevalence rate of children with low vitamin D level in Khabarovsk, with the most vulnerable group being teenagers, the reproductive potential of the region. Key words: vitamin D, children, newborns, primary school children, teenagers

Создание образовательной программы для детей раннего и дошкольного возраста в дошкольных образовательных организациях Республики Адыгея в условиях реализации ФОП

The article discusses the educational program for the speech development "Native (Adyghe) language" for children of early and preschool age in preschool educational organizations of the Republic of Adygea, which was developed in compliance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education and regulatory legal acts that contain obligatory requirements for the conditions of organization of preschool education. It is the first program for preschool education in the Republic of Adygea in the context of the implementation of the Federal Education Program.

The results of growing meat bulls

The article presents the results of a scientific and economic experiment to assess the meat productivity of Kazakh white-headed bulls in the conditions of Southern Russia. he fattening of the bulls lasted until the age of 15 months. During the fattening period, the animals of the experimental group surpassed the peers of the control group according to indicators of meat productivity. By changing the conditions of feeding and keeping calves at different age stages of their development, a person forms in them those vital functions, organs and tissues that most contribute to ultimately obtaining the greatest amount of high quality milk and meat productivity in adulthood. The paper presents the results of growing bulls of the Kazakh white-headed breed up to 15 months of age using the probiotic Prolaxim-V feed additive to obtain meat raw materials that meet the requirements for the production of food for children of early age. The use of a probiotic feed additive made it possible to increase the live weight by the end of the experiment by 8.65% (P < 0.01), the slaughter yield by 1.95 absolute percent, and reduce the incidence rate of the gastrointestinal tract.

Teorijsko-vrednosni postulati porodično orijentisane rane intervencije

Summary: Children with developmental disabilities, as well as children that are likely to develop deviations during developing process, are children who need additional support in the form of encouraging development and learning. Early intervention programs include early diagnosis, early intervention in working with the child, family empowerment in the form of counseling, information and education to encourage the child's development and early inclusion, that is, the inclusion of the child in the regular educational system. The aim of the paper is to indicate a paradigm shift in the provision of early intervention to children with developmental delays, developmental difficulties or disabilities, which is largely reflected in the family's orientation to a new approach to providing the necessary and additional support. The ultimate goal of the family-centered approach is to improve the well-being of the whole family, and early intervention is provided by a transdisciplinary, interdepartmental Early Intervention Team, which is made up of professionals from three systems (health, preschool education, and social care) and is located in one of those three systems, as the most adequate solution. Family support is provided by the Early Intervention Team through home visits conducted by the primary service provider and through support to educators/nurses when the child is involved in pre-school education. This paper emphasizes a transdisciplinary approach, which implies a holistic understanding of the child and an integrated way of learning, and in accordance with this, the stimulation of the development of early-age children in the family and in kindergartens, that is, in the natural environment, is realized. The experts who make up the Early Intervention Team together with the family and based on the functional assessment determine the priorities of the child and the family and together create an individual family support plan. Pedagogical implications of this paper can be seem in the recognition of the key changes in the practical action of experts in the field of family support for assuming a role in providing support to the child.

Socioekonomski status, roditeljski stres i roditeljske prakse za vreme vanrednog stanja tokom pandemije COVID-19 u Srbiji

The lockdown in Serbia imposed major challenges for parents to take on a 24/7 shift in caretaking, educating, and entertaining their children, while managing to complete the demands of their professional roles and everyday household functioning, along with the constant fear of the virus spreading and potential job loss. This study examines parenting practices (enriching activities, harsh parenting, daily structure, screen time and perception of the increase in screen time) during the COVID-19 lockdown in relation to the perceived parenting stress, parents' socioeconomic status and their working conditions (i.e., without work obligation, working online, working from the workplace). The sample consisted of 1510 mothers of preschool children. Four socioeconomic clusters were identified using the relevant variables (education level, economic status and impact of the pandemic on the financial situation). The results showed that highly educated mothers who worked remotely during the lockdown experienced significantly higher stress of balancing working and parenting than other parents. Mothers who did not work during the pandemic spent more time in enriching activities (p<0.01) and maintained the daily structure better (p<0.01), while mothers who worked remotely perceived a larger effect of the pandemic impact on screen time. The results indicate that, in times of crisis, it is necessary to design the support for the parents of early-aged children corresponding to their specific financial and educational background.

Opportunities for Early Intervention to Support Families With Children of Early Age in Wartime: Parents' View

After the beginning of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, the situation for families with young children with developmental delays or disabilities and children at risk was characterized by a significant loss of stability and predictability, which are necessary conditions for the child's development. The war destroyed the foundations of stable life, daily routines and relationships in families, on which the early childhood intervention is based. With the beginning of the war, the question arose about the ability of the early intervention service to carry out effective activities in support and accompaniment of families raising young children developmental delays or disabilities and children at risk. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the functioning and possibilities of the early intervention service in support and accompaniment of families with young children in a war situation. A questionnaire was developed for the research. The analysis of the obtained results was carried out using the method of constant comparison. It has been proven that the early intervention service makes it possible to provide support to parents, ensure their awareness, emotional stability, sensitivity, and supports the parents' ability to "see" the child, understand his real needs. And this creates favorable conditions for the formation of child-parent relations, allows strengthening the existing and finding new family resources for experiencing traumatic events related to the war situation.