Abstract
From a very early age children are capable on prosocial acts: giving objects, comforting and sharing with other people. This review considers modern research on the patterns and neurophysiological mechanisms of helping behavior (HB) formation in early childhood, including the results of the authors’ own work. Methods for HB researching in infants and young children are presented. The factors of development and neurophysiological mechanisms of instrumental, empathic and altruistic HB, and the role of empathy in these kinds of behaviors are analyzed. We also described data about involvement of various brain structures (for example, the mirror system as extended part of sensorimotor and emotional neural networks) in implementation of HB. The importance of research into the mechanisms of prosocial behavior for the full-fledged upbringing and education of children in the conditions of modern society is emphasized.
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