Age Children Research Articles

Scientific Research in the Field of Children’s Health and Development

The focus on the interests of children has always been inherent in the Russian State, but the most effective measures have been implemented already in this century: 4 years before WHO announced the Global Strategy for Mothers and Children in 2016, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed the Decree on the National Strategy for Children for 2012–2017, in 2017. The President announced the “Decade of Childhood”, and in 2020 The priority of childhood was enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. In the Russian Federation, the most child-oriented system of children’s healthcare has been built, in medical and scientific organizations of the pediatric profile of the Russian Federation, specialists with medical, biomedical, psychological, pedagogical, and social education are specially trained to work with children of different ages, and scientific research in the field of pediatrics is carried out by specialized researchers within the framework of special programs focused on the needs of children’s healthcare. A detailed analysis of the structure and content of the projects implemented in 2022 has been carried out. Scientific projects involving children compared to 2018, when the implementation of the “Decade of Childhood” program began, which indicates that scientific research in the field of children’s health and development is voluminous, but uncoordinated. Many topics are carried out simultaneously by several scientific and medical or educational organizations, but they are not coordinated in unified scientific and methodological approaches. At the same time, there are systemic problems, to solve which it is necessary to switch to network scientific research of population health; to strengthen the integration of research teams both in the context of interdepartmental cooperation (the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation — Rospotrebnadzor — Federal Medical and Biological Agency), and joint scientific work with other ministries (the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, etc.); as well as to improve financial mechanisms for managing scientific activities.

Child Pornography and Internet Subcultures in India - A Legal Perspective

Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to shed light on the pervasive issue of child pornography on the internet and its detrimental impact on children globally. The research aims to investigate the rise of child pornography online, emphasizing its role in the sexual exploitation and misuse of children. Through a comprehensive analysis, the study seeks to uncover the various dimensions of this disturbing phenomenon.
 
 Methods: To achieve the stated objectives, the research employs a multifaceted approach. The study begins by exploring the enthusiastic engagement of children with the internet, emphasizing their use for learning, play, and communication. Subsequently, the dark aspects of cyberspace are examined, focusing on the prevalence of child pornography and its potential physical consequences. The second half of the paper delves into an investigation of legislative measures and government initiatives in India designed to combat child pornography.
 
 Results: The findings of this study reveal a concerning reality regarding the proliferation of child pornography as a thriving business with far-reaching consequences for children worldwide. The results highlight the urgent need to address the issue comprehensively, considering the intersection of technology, legislation, and societal awareness. Additionally, the study provides insights into the effectiveness of specific governmental initiatives in India, contributing to a broader understanding of the challenges and opportunities in combating child pornography.
 
 Conclusion: In conclusion, while acknowledging the efforts made by legislative measures and government initiatives in India, this study discusses the limitations of current Indian law in effectively tackling the issue of child pornography. The conclusion emphasizes the necessity of addressing gaps in the legal framework and proposes specific measures to enhance the prevention of child pornography in India. Overall, the study advocates for a comprehensive and proactive approach to safeguarding children in the digital age, considering both national and international perspectives.

Investigating school absenteeism and refusal among Australian children and adolescents using Apriori association rule mining.

Identifying and determining the multitude of reasons behind school absences of students is often challenging. This study aims to uncover the hidden reasons for school absence in children and adolescents. The analysis is conducted on a national survey that includes 2967 Australian children and adolescents aged 11-17. The Apriori association rule generator of machine learning techniques and binary logistic regression are used to identify the significant predictors of school absences. Out of 2484, 83.7% (n = 2079) aged (11-17) years children and adolescents have missed school for various reasons, 42.28% (n = 879) are (11-15) years old, 24.52% (n = 609) and 16.9% (n = 420) are 16- and 17-years old adolescents respectively. A considerable proportion of adolescents, specifically 16.4% (n = 407) and 23.4% (n = 486) of 16 and 17years old, respectively, have selected 'refused to say' as their reason for not attending school. It also highlights the negative outcomes associated with undisclosed reasons for school absence, such as bullying, excessive internet/gaming, reduced family involvement, suicide attempts, and existential hopelessness. The findings of the national survey underscore the importance of addressing these undisclosed reasons for school absence to improve the overall well-being and educational outcomes of children and adolescents.

Leptin and Leptin Receptor Polymorphisms in Infants and Their Parents: Correlation with Preterm Birth.

It has been proven that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LEP and LEPR genes could predispose individuals to an increased risk of pregnancy adverse outcomes (PAOs) such as recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and pre-eclampsia. Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of infant mortality. We decided to investigate the correlation between PTB and LEP and LEPR SNPs. The study cohort included families who underwent spontaneous PTB and control samples of families who had at-term-born (≥37 weeks of gestational age) children. Swabs were performed by rubbing the sticky end for about 30 s on the gum and on the inside of the cheek, allowing us to collect the flaking cells of the oral mucosa. Genotyping of the three SNPs-LEPRA668G, LEPG2548A and A19G-was carried out via an ARMS-MAMA real-time PCR procedure, as previously described. Regarding LEPG2548A, we found that the most expressed genotype in infants both in the preterm and the at-term group was AG; however, we did not discover any statistically significant difference (p = 0.97). Considering LEPA19G, none among the infants and parents were found to carry the AA genotype. No statistically significant differences were found between children, mothers and fathers belonging to preterm and at-term groups. We did not find a statistically significant association in newborns and their mother, but our results show a statistical correlation with the LEPRA668G genotype GG of the father. This fact can contribute to defining genetic risk factors for PTB. Further studies are certainly needed to better clarify the role of genetics in influencing preterm delivery.

The Effect Of Healthy Living Behaviour With The Use Of Educational Media Worksheet On Personal Hygiene Habits In School Age Children

The Effect Of Healthy Living Behaviour With The Use Of Educational Media Worksheet On Personal Hygiene Habits In School Age Children

Prospects for the application of kuril tea shoots in rehabilitating patients with frequently and long-term respiratory virus diseases

Introduction. Frequently and long-term ill children are an urgent problem in pediatrics. It is of interest to take into account the possibility of rehabilitation of frequently and long-term ill children using the natural resources of the region.Objective. To study the clinical and immunological parameters of children -residents of the Altai Territory, who are often prone to acute respiratory diseases, and the effect on these indicators of herbal tea from the shoots of Pentaphylloides fruticosa, used in complex therapy and rehabilitation of frequently and long-term ill children.Materials and methods. The study involved 49 children aged 3.5 to 7 years of both sexes, who are in the dispensary group of frequently and long-term ill children. During the study, a retrospective analysis of primary medical documentation was carried out, as well as a comprehensive clinical and laboratory, microbiological and parasitological examination, and determination of the immune status. In a prospective cohort study, the effect of the use of herbal tea from the shoots of Pentaphylloides fruticosa on the clinical and immunological parameters of frequently and long-term ill children was evaluated as part of complex therapy with bacterial lysates and endogenous interferon inducers.Results. The age-sex structure of frequently and long-term ill children is dominated by children of preschool age (up to 70%), mostly males (53%), who have a burdened anamnesis (31%). Frequent episodes of respiratory diseases are not a consequence of immune deficiency and develop against the background of an associated, persistent viral and bacterial infection that occurs against the background of transient functional instability of the immune system. The quantitative analysis of immunograms showed a significant immunocorrective role of Pentaphylloides fruticosa extraction preparations in comparison with baseline values.Conclusions. The conducted clinical and immunological study did not reveal any significant clinically significant disorders of the immune system in frequently and long-term ill children -residents of the Altai Territory. At the same time, the use of extractive preparations of Pentaphylloides fruticosa has a significant immunocorrective effect on the parameters of the immune system and can be considered as an important component in the complex rehabilitation of frequently and long-term ill children from the age of 3.5 years.

Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Sağlıklı Çocuk Takibi ve Kronik Hastalık Kontrollerinin Sürekliliği ve Pandeminin Poliklinik Başvurularına Erken ve Geç Dönemdeki Etkisinin Karşılaştırılması

Aim: Pandemic disrupted health care access in many centers all around the world. CDC recommended that seperating pandemic and non-pandemic hospitals, prioritizing emergency visits, postponing elective operations and, where possible, converting outpatient visits to telehealth calls. In this period, well-child checkups were cancelled and routine childhood vaccination was interrupted. We aimed to evaluate the impact of pandemic on the routine immunization schedule, neonatal screening program, chronic disease follow ups and outpatient clinic visits. 
 Material and Method: In total, 401 children and their parents were included in this study and patient population of interest was children of routine immunization age. Outpatient visit features and compliance with the childhood vaccination and neonatal screening program before and during the pandemic were asked. 
 Results: Compared to 2021, there was a significant increase in both the number of patients with upper respiratory tract infection symptoms and their hospital admissions. While the rates of hospital admissions increased in 2022 in those with diarrhea, almost all of the patients with lower respiratory tract infection symptoms stated that they applied to the hospital in both periods. It was observed that routine vaccination and newborn screening programs were carried out successfully during the pandemic process in Turkey. It was found that chronic disease follow-ups of children were interrupted in 2021. 
 Conclusion: This study has shown how the 3 major components of health system (outpatient clinic visits, well child check-ups and chronic disease follow-ups) were affected at different times of the pandemic in Turkey. Successful management in childhood vaccinations and neonatal screening program should also be ensured in chronic disease follow-up bythe separation of pandemic and non-pandemic hospitals. Showing the strengths and weaknesses of strategies implemented in health system during the pandemic guides the measures to be taken for similar situations that may occur in the future.

Prevalence and determinants of anemia due to micronutrient deficiencies among children aged 12-59 months in India-Evidence from Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey, 2016-18.

The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anemia, and anemia with micronutrient deficiencies (iron/ vitamin B12/ folic acid) and their determinants among children aged 12-59 months in India. Comprehensive National Nutritional Survey (2016-2018) is Asia's largest nutrition survey conducted among 0-19 years aged children in India. We used generalised linear model (modified Poisson) with adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) to assess the socio-economic and biochemical factors associated with anemia and anemia with micronutrient deficiencies amongst children aged 12 to 59 months. Out of the total of 11,237 children included in the study, 40.5% (95%CI:38·6-42·6) were anemic, 30.0% (95%CI:27·8-32·4) had anemia with micronutrient deficiencies and 60.9% (95%CI:58·2-63·5) had micronutrient deficiencies with or without anemia. Younger age (aPR(95%CI) for one year old: 1.9(1.5-2.4), two year old: 1.8(1.5-2.2), three year old: 1.4(1.2-1.7) compared to four year old children) and lower educational status of the mother (mothers without formal schooling aPR(95%CI):1.4(1.1-1.8); 1-9 standards: 1.4(1.2-1.7)) vs mother educated with high school and above, consumption of less than 100 iron-folic acid tablets during pregnancy (aPR(95%CI):1.3(1.0-1.7) vs consumption of ≥ 180 tablets, any self-reported illness among children within two weeks preceding the interview (aPR(95%CI):1.2(1.1-1.4) vs no-illnesses, iron deficiency (aPR(95%CI):2.2(2.0-2.6)) and zinc deficiency (aPR(95%CI):1.3(1.1-1.4)) were associated with anemia in children. Among anemic, the children from scheduled tribe (aPR(95%CI):1.4(1.1-1.8)) vs other caste categories, and those following unsafe child faeces disposal practices (aPR(95%CI):1.2(1.0-1.4)) vs those who follow safe faeces disposal practices had higher chance of having micronutrient deficiency. One third of children aged 12-59 months had anemia with micronutrient deficiency (iron/ folic acid/ vitamin B12). More than half of children had micronutrient deficiencies irrespective of anemia. Micronutrient deficiencies, antenatal IFA intake, safe hygiene practices need to be strengthened to leave no stone unturned in control of anemia among under-five children in India.

Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Children Hawkers in Moba Local Government of Ekiti State

The study investigated socio-economic factors affecting children hawkers in Moba local government area of Ekiti State. The study adopted the descriptive design of the survey type. The sample size in this study was 50 teachers. Three research questions were raised and answered in the study. The instrument used for data collection was a researcher-designed questionnaire titled “Socio-economic factors affecting hawkers in Moba LGA of Ekiti State.” Data collected were analysed using statistical tools that were employed to answer the research questions such as mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that high cost of living is associated with street hawking among children. It was also showed that large family size is associated with street hawking among children in Moba Local Government of Ekiti State. The result revealed that poverty is associated with street hawking among children.Based on the results of this study, it was recommended that there is need for government continuous enlightenment of parents on the effect involving their children in street hawking and the importance of education. Government to create more job opportunities so that citizens would be employed to enable then cater for family needs. Government should make education free at all levels so that the less privileged children would have the opportunity to be educated. Government should legislate against involving children of school age in hawking and punish parent, guardian and caregiver who go against it. There is a need to protect the child, advocate reduction in family size, poverty and promote parental education/economic empowerment in order to reduce the urge on children to perform economic roles. They should also improve the standard of living of the citizens through provision of bursary allowance to the indigent citizens.

Prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus infection and associated factors in children aged under five years with severe acute respiratory illness and influenza-like illness in Ethiopia

ObjectivesAcute respiratory infections because of respiratory syncytial viruses (RSVs) are among the major leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. RSV prevalence and its contributing factors among children aged under 5 years in Ethiopia are not well studied. To assess the prevalence and associated factors of RSV infection in children aged under 5 years using influenza sentinel surveillance sites in Ethiopia. MethodsA cross-sectional study design was used utilizing influenza-like illness/sever acute respiratory illness surveillance data from January 2021 to December 2022 at the Ethiopian Public Health Institute. ResultsIn total, 2234 cases were included, with an overall RSV positivity rate of 16.2%. The RSV positivity rate was high in children aged under 1 year (22.8%) and during fall season (24.8%). The RSV positivity rate was significantly associated with ages under 1 year (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.89-4.15) and 1-2 years (AOR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.26-2.73) and the fall season (AOR 1.67, 95% CI: 1.17-2.38). ConclusionThe study revealed that a considerably high RSV positivity rate was detected in children aged under 5 years. The age of children and season have a significant association with RSV positivity rate. Further studies of RSV viral genotype, clinical characteristics, and disease outcome need to be conducted for a better understanding of the virus and disease outcome.

Parental behaviors towards preschool age children in Croatia

This article investigates the frequency of what we define as supportive and unsupportive parental behaviors and whether there is a statistically significant difference in the frequency of parental behaviors in reference to different parental characteristics (level of education, employment status, socio-economic status). This research involved a sample of 3500 parents of children aged 5 and 6. The results show that such supportive parental behaviors are used more frequently than unsupportive ones. Still, approximately 25% of parents implement modes of behavior that the literature suggests hinders children’s optimal development, whereas for 10% the frequency of such behaviors is very high. The results confirm that the level of education, employment status, and socio-economic family status represent significant factors in the quality of parental care. Moreover, these can enhance the risk factors in given familial contexts. In the process of creating support programs and finding ways of strengthening family resilience, and other public policies and strategies to prevent risks of social exclusion caused by familial factors, it is important to bear in mind the heterogeneity of the risks of social exclusion within the family and to respond to the specific needs and challenges of different parents and children. When it comes to developing policy, a one-size-fits all approach should, be avoided.

The impact of approachable nurses: An exploratory study, the voice of hospitalized children with cancer

PurposeThe right of children to be heard was acclaimed at the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child, with subsequent research conducted in various settings, but with few in hospitals. This study explores the perceptions of children hospitalized with cancer and the impact of approachable nurses. Design & methodsThe impact of approachable nurses was explored using a qualitative, descriptive research design, including semi-structured interviews with seven school age children in a pediatric oncology service. Audio recorded interviews were content analyzed using immersion/crystallization and editing organizational styles. ResultsChildren felt a sense of genuine concern when the nurses took time to talk and listen to them and the positive impact of fun and laughter in the midst of difficult and challenging circumstances. They had a lasting feeling of gratitude for creative ways nurses cared for them. Individualized attire created an immediate openness and avenue to conversation. Children were less worried about a rehospitalization because approachable nurses made them feel at home while in the hospital. ImplicationsNursing administration and managers are urged to provide training and regularly evaluate communication competencies. Nurses need to be accountable for the impact of their presence and actions on children both inpatient and following hospitalization. The need to promote an environment of comfort and trust supports positive impact for present and future hospitalization experiences.

Training of volleyball players at the beginning of their sports career

The analysis of scientific and methodical literature let us state that physical training of school age children is very important. In this article we consider some aspects of young volleyball players physical training using different tools: physical exercises, games, competitions etc. taking into account laws of growing and developing child’s organism. Children should start playing volleyball since 11-12 years old. For this age it is characteristic the rapid body development, an increase in growth of muscle mass and strength. As well intensively develop attention, memory, will, quick thinking. The ability to perceive, memorize complex movements, analysis of their actions increase. Children with mental focus are able to perform complex movements and improve their quality. It should be remember that at this age child's body is not unique to rapid fatigue, and rapid recovery of working capacity. Therefore, the training process is necessary to diversify as much as possible exercises.
 Thus, we know that the process of morphofunctional development of school-aged children depends to some extent on external living conditions and the nature of the activity carried out by students, to a large extent from the targeted use of physical education resources. The skillful use of specially selected and correctly dosed physical exercises during the period of enhanced deployment of natural morphofunctional development contributes to the stimulation, ordering and intensification of the relevant processes, ultimately achieving a significant increase in the functional capabilities of all body systems. At later age stages, when the peaks of natural development of certain functions are overdue, it is difficult and even impossible to achieve similar results [1].

Outcomes of the Nuss procedure in children with pectus excavatum: 14 years of experience.

We aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum (PE) and explore the impacts of sex and age on outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed 594 consecutive children ≤18 years of age who underwent the thoracoscopy-assisted Nuss technique between January 2006 and July 2019. The severity of pectus deformity was calculated according to the Haller index (HI). The classification of PE and clinical data including complications was analyzed. Of the 594 patients, 456 (76.8%) were boys and 138 (23.2%) were girls. The mean age at surgery was 10.0 ± 5.0 years. The most common types of PE were 1A and 2A2 according to Park classification. Intraoperative and postoperative complication rates were 2/594 (0.3%) and 74/594 (12.5%), respectively. The most common complication was bar displacement. The bar was removed in 414 patients 3.5 ± 0.8 years later. The mean preoperative HI, postoperative HI with bar, and HI after bar removal were 4.2 ± 1.7, 2.4 ± 0.3, and 2.7 ± 0.5, respectively. Compared to the preoperative HI, both the postoperative HI with bar and HI after bar removal were significantly lower ( p < 0.001). For preschool-age children, the preoperative HI was significantly higher ( p = 0.027) and the change in HI significantly improved compared to school-age children ( p = 0.004). Boys and adolescents needed significantly more bars and stabilizers. Surgical correction of PE using the Nuss procedure is a safe procedure and improves the HI in children of different ages, even in those younger than 6 years of age.

Clinical case of acute hepatitis in a patient with ascariasis

Helminthiases are fairly widespread human parasitic diseases caused by various lower worms - helminths. In the Russian Federation, more than 4.5 million cases of helminthiasis were registered in 2016. According to the WHO Expert Committee, ascariasis affects about 900 million people in the world every year, most of whom are children of preschool and school age. In the Russian Federation, 24,115 cases of ascariasis were registered in 2015. The true prevalence of helminthiasis is much higher. In recent decades, there has been an increase in and manifestation of new helminth infestations as a result of changes in economic and socio-economic conditions, increased migration, and the introduction of helminths, common in countries with tropical and subtropical climates, to Russia. The possibility of a patient having one or another type of helminthiasis is practically not taken into account in clinical practice, which leads to incorrect diagnosis, the development of complications of the disease, and its transition to a chronic form. As a rule, helminthiases are relatively asymptomatic, but in some cases their local manifestations come to the fore clinically and the disease occurs under the guise of infectious and non-infectious diseases.

TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF MUDGA MASURA ADAKI YUSHA AS PATHYA IN PANDU ROGA W.S.R TO IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA – A CLINICAL STUDY

Background &amp;Objective: Pandu Roga is a Pitta Pradhana Tridosha Vikara associated with Rasa and Raktha Vaha Srotas. It is characterized by Pandu Varnata, Arohana Ayasa, Dourbalya, Bhrama, and Hrudaya Spandhana. Anaemia is the most prevalent Nutritional deficiency disorder in the world, it affects all age groups but the most vulnerable are preschool age children, pregnant women and non-pregnant woman of childbearing age. Anaemia is a condition where haemoglobin concentration of the individuals falls below the lower limit of the normal range for the age and sex of the individual. Its common clinical features include pallor, exertional dyspnoea, tiredness, and giddiness, and can be correlated with Pandu Roga. Methods: An Interventional Single Arm Clinical Study conducted in 30 subjects for a period of 30 days. Clinical features and Hematological pa-rameters were documented before and after the treatment. Observations were analyzed and findings were evalu-ated by using Software stigma STAT-3 and statistical analysis done by Wilcoxon signed rank test and paired t test. Results: The study shows that Mudga Masura Adaki Yusha have significant effect in clinical features and Haematological parameters significantly. The results obtained were found to be statistically significant at p&lt;0.001 except for Blood picture and RBC shows p=1.000 and p=0.161 respectively. Conclusion: Mudga Masura Adaki Yusha has significant effect in Pandu Roga.

Children's Visual Perception of Facial Scarring and Cleft Lip Deformity Using Eye Tracking Data.

The purpose of this study is to determine children's perception of secondary cleft lip deformity (SCLD) using objective eye tracking technology and subjective responses on a survey to understand pediatric perceptions of facial scarring. Cross-sectional study of participants aged 5-17 years old. Participants viewed images of children's faces with an eye tracking device. Sixteen images were displayed, 12 with unilateral SCLD and four with no facial scarring. Eye tracking data were obtained. Gaze samples were analyzed for areas of interest (AOIs). Immediately after viewing each image, participants answered two survey questions relating to facial asymmetry attitude toward the child pictured. For analysis, participants were divided into age groups. A total of 259 participants were enrolled (42.5% female). Mean age was 10.5 years and 78% identified as White. In all age groups, total fixation time was greater for SCLD compared to control images. Early elementary age children spent significantly less time assessing the nose AOI compared to other groups, and also spent the least total fixation time and had the lowest visit count on all AOIs. Subjective survey questions showed similar trends with elementary age not noticing facial asymmetry compared to older age groups. This study demonstrates the successful use of eye tracking technology in children as young as 5 years old. This study suggests that SCLD is perceived as less noticeable in elementary age children and becomes more noticeable to older groups. Understanding peer perception on SCLD from this study may impact decision on revision surgery for SCLD. IV Laryngoscope, 134:2726-2733, 2024.

An evaluation of computerized attention and executive function measures for use with school age children with neurofibromatosis type 1

ABSTRACT The present study investigated the performance of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 on computerized assessments of attention and executive function. Relations to ADHD symptomatology were also examined. Participants included 37 children (20 male) with NF1 (9–13 years; Mage = 11.02). Participants completed the NIH Toolbox Dimensional Change Card Sort, List Sort Working Memory (LSWM), and Flanker tasks, as well as Cogstate Identification and One Back tests. ADHD symptomatology was assessed using the K-SADS. Average performance was significantly different from the normative mean on every measure, except LSWM. The NIH Toolbox Flanker and Cogstate Identification tasks detected the highest proportion of participants with at least mild difficulty, and the Cogstate Identification task detected the highest proportion of participants with severe difficulty. Analyses revealed significant relations with ADHD symptomatology for two NIH toolbox tasks. The various computerized measures of attention and executive function offer different information when working with school age children with NF1. The NIH Flanker may offer the most room for change and offers face validity, which may be beneficial for clinical trials research. However, the LSWM shows most support for relations with behavioral indicators of attention and executive challenges.

Investigating the academic attainment and progress of children in receipt of individual counselling: A matched comparison study of primary school age children in England

AbstractIntroductionIn 2016, the UK government identified the need for counselling services in schools to be evidence‐based (Department for Education, 2016). While there is more empirical evidence on counselling and improvement in mental health (Daniunaite et al., Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 2015, 15, 251; Finning et al., European Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry, 2022, 31, 1591), less is known about the associations of counselling with children's academic attainment and progress.MethodThe aim of the paper was to provide more pieces of evidence on the possible associations between school‐based individual counselling and the academic attainment and progress of primary school–aged children. The academic outcomes of children receiving one‐to‐one counselling were compared with those of children who did not receive counselling, but who had similar background characteristics. Coarsened exact matching method was used to match similar children for these comparisons based on national data sets available in England. Data were analysed with inferential statistics and multilinear regression.FindingsBefore matching the samples, analyses revealed children attending Place2Be's counselling services were significantly more likely to be boys (56.6% vs. 51.1%), of ethnic minority origin (46.4% vs. 21.5%), eligible for free school meals (FSM; 52.7% vs. 16.9%) and have special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) status (43.1% vs. 21.1%) than the comparison group. They also had lower academic attainment than children who were not in counselling. However, after a coarsened exact matching on relevant background characteristics, the Place2Be sample was found to have similar levels of academic progress to the matched national sample, suggesting they did not fall behind similar children.ConclusionsFindings indicate that individual school‐based counselling may be helpful as a potential intervention for supporting vulnerable children's (defined as those identified by schools or parents as in need of individual counselling) academic progress in primary schools, as well as socio‐emotional outcomes; however, further research is needed.

Empowerment of Tribal Children in the Field of Education by Friends of Child Exploration (SEAD) Jambi : A Functional Structural Perspective

This research aims to describe the process of empowering tribal children in the field of education carried out by Friends of Child Exploration (SEAD) in Jambi. The method used in the research was a qualitative approach with a case study method. The selection of informants was carried out using a purposive sampling technique to select informants consisting of 9 key informants, namely volunteer friends exploring children in Jambi and also Waris from the Anak Dalam tribe, as well as five supporting informants, namely Tumanggung, parents from the Anak Dalam tribe and also the community. The data collection techniques used were observation, in-depth interviews and documentation studies. Data analysis was done through data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. This research also used data triangulation techniques to test the validity of the data. The findings of this research were that empowerment in education provides a way for tribal children to learn how to read, write and count. If we look at the empowerment process carried out by the Deep Child Exploration Friends (SEAD) Jambi for children from the inner child tribe, the teaching and learning process begins with an introduction stage for all children of different ages after new material improvements have been made. What will be taught is differentiated from children's material, which is still in the introductory stage. Apart from that, if we look at the planning carried out by Jambi Children's Exploration Friends (SEAD), it is always adjusted to the situation and conditions in the field. There is no element of coercion, but it is carried out with a first approach and adaptation to the children, such as by teaching them to play first, eat and sing together. In the teaching and learning process, the methods used are also adapted to the children so that they are not boring and always look for ways to keep them happy during the empowerment activities.