Cherry Varieties Research Articles

Продуктивность перспективных сортов вишни (Prunus cerasus L.) в условиях южного садоводства

Abstract. The features of the implementation of the production potential of cherry varieties in the conditions of southern horticulture are presented. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the Prikubanskaya fruit growing zone of the Krasnodar Krai in 2016–2022. The objects of research were 7 varieties of common cherry of various origins. The purpose of the research was to study the productive potential of cherry varieties and its main components, depending on the negatively changing environmental conditions. Methods. The research was carried out according to the “Program and methodology for the variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops” and “Program and methodology for the selection of fruit, berry and nut crops”. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out according to the method of B. A. Dospekhov. The studies were carried out using generally accepted and standard methods. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the identified patterns and features of the implementation of the production potential of cherry varieties in unstable environmental conditions and the impact of stress factors. According to the results of the research, early-fruiting varieties of cherries, Prizvanie and Ivanovna, which begin to bear fruit 2–3 years after planting, have been identified. It was found that the average fruit weight of the varieties varied from 2.98 to 6.38 g, depending on the biological characteristics of the variety and the conditions of the year. Large-fruited varieties with a fruit weight exceeding 5 g have been identified: Prizvanie (5.38 g), Timati (5.43 g), Ivanovna (6.38 g) and Khodosa (6.33 g). It was found that the yield also varied depending on stress factors and the degree of adaptability of varieties to them. Stably fruitful and high-yielding cherry varieties Ivanovna and Khodosa were identified, the average yield of which was 15.7 kg/tree. or 10.5 t/ha. It has been established that the dependence of the yield of cherry varieties of different origin on average annual temperatures is average (r = 0.65), on the sum of active temperatures – average (r = 0.37) and on the sum of precipitation – strong (r = 0.87). To create highly productive cherry plantations in the conditions of southern gardening, varieties Ivanovna and Khodosa are recommended.

Comprehensive evaluation of introduced cherry varieties cultivated in the submontane province of Dagestan

The study was conducted from 2019 to 2022 with sour cherry varieties cultivated in the conditions of the mountainous province of Dagestan. The research objects were 13 introduced acidic cherry varieties of different ecological and geographical origins. Productivity and assessing the fruit quality parameters were studied using standard methods of variety research and biochemical analysis. It was determined that the varieties Shaten Morel, Heyman Konservn, Vladimirskaia, and Basler Adler are characterised by the highest content of soluble dry matter (14.66–16.21%) and sugars (10.15–11.30%) in the fruits. The varieties Krasa Severa, Basler Adler, Shaten Morel, and Liubskaia proved to be the most valuable in terms of the mass concentration of vitamin C (8.95–10.43 mg%). Liubskaia, Shaten Morel, and Padus Maaki had a higher acid content than the reference variety Podbelskaia (1.24%). Varieties Krasa Severa, Chudo-vishnia, Heyman Konservn, and Basler Adler exhibited large fruit sizes (4.8–6.9 g). The sensory evaluation of the fruits was high (within the range of 4.8–5.0 points on a five-point scale) for the varieties Chudo-vishnia, Heyman Konservn, and Basler Adler. These same varieties demonstrated consistently high yields (5.21–7.66 t/ha) over the years of the study. The results of the comprehensive analysis of the cherry assortment allowed the identification of varieties that are most promising for cultivation on an industrial scale in the territory of Dagestan and use in breeding – Chudo-vishnia, Heyman Konservn, Basler Adler, Krasa Severa, and Shaten Morel.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ФЕНОТИПИЧЕСКИХ И ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ ПРИЗНАКОВ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫХ СОРТОВ ЧЕРЕШНИ

One of the tasks in the research of the gene pool of fruit crops is a systematic phenotypic assessment of samples in collections and the study of their genetic diversity. To date, traditional methods of varietal study and DNA marking are used for this purpose, which make it possible to identify donors and sources for breeding and promising varieties for industrial cultivation. The aim of the research was a comprehensive phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of varieties and hybrids of sweet cherries of domestic breeding. A long-term phenotypic assessment, carried out against the background of unstable and stressful conditions of the growing year, made it possible to identify more plastic varieties of sweet cherries Kavkazskaya uluchshennaya, Kavkazskaya, Podarok leta, combining the signs of winter hardiness, drought resistance, resistance to coccomycosis, and productivity. Simultaneous assessment of sweet cherry varieties of local breeding based on the analysis of polymorphism of microsatellite loci made it possible to establish genetic characteristics and perform DNA certification. To analyze the polymorphism of the studied genotypes, we used 7 SSR loci that were first identified and mapped in the sweet cherry genome (Alaya, Madonna, Kavkazskaya, Kavkazskaya uluchshennaya, Krasna devitsa, Mak, Podarok leta, Yasno solnyshko, Luchezarnaya, Yuzhnaya). Analysis of the obtained DNA fingerprints made it possible to establish that all the studied varieties of sweet cherries have a unique allelic set. For DNA certification of cherry varieties, the most polymorphic SSR markers are recommended: EMPa018, EMPaS12, EMPa017, EMPa004, UCDCH17, UCDCH12 and UCDCH31. Sweet cherry varieties Madonna (early), Podarok leta (middle) and Alaya (late) have been identified as sources of a complex of adaptive and productive traits recommended for further breeding work, as well as varieties that are for laying new cherry plantations in the south of the country.

Clematis vitalba Is a Natural Host of the Novel Ilarvirus, Prunus Virus I.

Clematis vitalba L. is a climbing shrub and a pioneer plant in abandoned orchards or vineyards that are widespread in temperate climate zones. In past years, several viruses infecting the Clematis species have been identified, including different ilarviruses. Prunus virus I (PrVI) is a recently described ilarvirus, which has been shown to infect sweet cherries and peaches in Greece. Moreover, its presence has been detected in ornamental Clematis in Russia. In the present work, we analyzed the virome of wildly growing C. vitalba plants from Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia showing different kinds of symptoms using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of small RNAs or ribodepleted RNAs. Applying HTS enabled us to identify the presence of PrVI in C. vitalba, and the bioinformatic analyses were further validated with RT-PCR using PrVI-specific primers and Sanger dideoxy sequencing. Nearly full genome sequences of all three viral RNAs of one Hungarian, two Slovak and one Croatian isolate were determined. Their phylogenetic analysis showed high similarity to each other and to other PrVI isolates described from Central Europe. As the sampled plants were co-infected with other viruses, it is not possible to determine a direct correlation between the infection with PrVI and the observed symptoms. Analyses of different Prunus species in stock collection showed infection of several peach and sweet cherry varieties in Hungary. Our results expand the knowledge on the natural host range of PrVI and highlight the necessity to evaluate alternative plant hosts (even non-Prunus) of PrVI and the role of the virus in the etiology of the potential diseases.

Vacuum drying of cherry varieties Lyazat, Merey and Aigerim growing in the southern regions of RK

This article presents the results of vacuum drying of cherry varieties: Lyazat, Merey and Aigerim. The dynamics of moisture evaporation shows that the largest amount of moisture evaporates in the time interval from the beginning to 4.0 hours of drying time. For example, in the Aigerim sweet cherry variety, in the considered period of time, for each hour of drying time, depending on the sweet cherry variety, an average of 3.21 g of moisture, and over the next drying time, the intensity of moisture evaporation monotonously decreases of 3,21 g to 1.5 g.Upon reaching the critical humidity in the product of evaporation, moisture drops sharply of 1.5 g to 0.75 g and below. Similar results with slight differences in moisture evaporation are observed for other varieties of cherries. Slight differences in the nature of moisture evaporation in the considered varieties of cherries are explained by the chemical composition, the form of moisture bonding in the product. Studies have established that when drying cherries, two periods of drying are observed. The duration of the first drying period for all studied varieties of cherries averages 6.10...6.25 hours, and the second period 4.50...4.35 hours. The critical humidity for all considered sweet cherry varieties aver-ages 30.5 ... 30.7%.The obtained experimental data on the kinetics of moisture evaporation and the curve of the drying rate of cherries at the next stage of the study make it possible to choose the optimal modes of their drying.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФЕНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СОРТОВ ВИШНИ ОБЫКНОВЕННОЙ (CERASUS VULGARIS MILL.) В УСЛОВИЯХ САДОВОДСТВА КРАСНОДАРСКОГО КРАЯ

This article presents the results of observations of the passage of the main phenological phases of the development of cherry varieties ( Cerasus vulgaris Mill.) in changing environmental conditions. The sums of temperatures for the passage of the main phenological phases of development of cherry varieties are determined. A change in regional weather conditions was determined in the course of the research, namely, an increase in the sums of active temperatures. The ripening dates of cherry varieties have been specified: Krasnodarskaya sladkaya and Chudo-vishnya were classified as early varieties, Assol’, Svetlaya, Feya, Malyshka, Rovesnitsa, Prizvaniye, Pamyati Yevstratova were classified as varieties with middle maturation, and Tamaris was classified as late.

ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ КАЧЕСТВА ПЛОДОВ ЧЕРЕШНИ, ПРОИЗРАСТАЮЩЕЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЮГА РОССИИ

The article presents the results of the study of chemical indicators of the quality of sweet cherry fruits, taking into account varietal characteristics. Experimental data on commodity quality indicators, as well as the content of dry substances, sugars, organic acids, vitamins, anthocyanins, leucoanthocyanins, amino acids, pectin, mineral and aromatic substances were obtained. The results of the research allow to identify sweet cherry varieties with good commercial qualities and a high content of biologically active substances growing in the conditions of the Krasnodar region, for fresh consumption or further processing and production of functional foods.

Influence of the propagation method of three semidwarf rootstocks on the growth and activity of the physiological processes of maiden sweet cherry trees in a nursery

Rootstocks that reduce the vigor of sweet cherry trees are currently in high demand in orchard production. However, their suitability for nursery production is not fully verified. There are also difficulties in the method of their obtaining, mainly through in vitro cultures, which is associated with high prices. The experiment compared the growth of maiden trees of four sweet cherry varieties on rootstocks that reduce their vigor, ‘Gisela 5’, ‘Krymsk 5;, and ‘Pi-ku 1’. In addition, rootstocks produced by cheaper means using shoot cuttings were evaluated compared with those from in vitro. The lower efficiency of maiden trees was obtained on the ‘Krymsk 5’ rootstock than on the other two rootstocks. In contrast, the vigor of maiden trees on this rootstock was significantly more potent. Generally, rootstocks derived from in vitro yielded a higher percentage of maiden trees. Additionally, for most of the varieties and years tested, the rootstocks obtained in this way improved the growth of the trees as determined by their diameter and length of the lateral shoots. The activity of the physiological processes of the maiden trees varied with the rootstock used. Maiden trees on the ‘Krymsk 5’ rootstock were most often characterized by the lowest levels of the three tested parameters (E, C, and I CO2). Meanwhile, the net photosynthetic intensity was lowest on the ‘Pi-ku 1’ rootstock.

The study of the behavior in the pollination process of some local cherry populations

The analysis of local cherry varieties both phenotypically and genotypically provides extremely important information for breeders. On the other hand, the valorization of some local, Romanian cherry varieties or local populations and their reconsideration in the breeding programs, constitute an important premise on the scale of adaptability to the local climatic conditions. In the pollination schemes were used local cherry populations from Ialomița, “Mari de Malu”, „Roșu de Mai” and the „Mărgărit” genotype that were hybridized with pollen from the Romanian varieties „Maria” and „Alex”. Although a considerable number of flowers have been pollinated, the binding rate still low between 7.33% and 10%. It is therefore observed how the exogenous pollen coming from the varieties partner in the pollination process positively influences the characters of the hybrid fruit, as it is not identical with the varieties used as parents. The statistical analysis of the results demonstrated that the native varieties of cherry constitute an extremely valuable potential in inducing some characters of resistance to diseases, productivity, quality, but also the fact that most of them are self-fertile.

Sensory evaluation of sweet cherries for sustainable fruit production in the European market

The competitiveness of fresh fruit in the modern market substantially depends on sensory quality indicators. Sweet cherries are a top fruit that is highly valued by consumers due to their taste and visual attractiveness. For the growing demand for fruits on the European market, it is important to examine the sensory properties of cherry fruits in combination with their weight and diameter. The purpose of the study was to substantiate sensory indicators for examining the quality of cherry fruits of different maturation periods and selecting the most competitive varieties for the sustainable provision of fresh fruit in accordance with the requirements of the modern market. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: field, laboratory, and comparative. Determination of the mass, diameter, and sensory assessment of fruits was conducted on 33 varieties of sweet cherries. Experts conducted rating tests on a 9-point scale on ten fruit samples of the examined varieties. Fruits were evaluated by their appearance, aroma, taste, and texture. At the final stage of the assessment, experts calculated the average value of sensory indicators. A sensory profile was set for the fruits of each cherry variety and assigned a score based on the following descriptors: colour intensity, taste, pulp hardness and juiciness, and skin density. The standard methodology for evaluating the sensory properties of fresh fruits has been improved. The average weight (8.41 g) and diameter (22.63 mm) of sweet cherry fruits for three ripening groups were determined. Varieties (Kazka, Dilema, and Udivitiel’na) with the largest mass and diameter of fruits are identified. According to the complex of sensory indicators, the varieties Kazka, Vynka, and Krupnoplidna were distinguished. According to the external attractiveness, consistency, and taste qualities of fruits, a sensory profile has been formed for varieties of different maturation periods. Sensory evaluation of sweet cherry fruits will allow distributing fruit products and selecting raw materials for further use in fresh form, long-term storage, freezing and production of processed products by thermal sterilisation

Investigation of the Impacts of Pre-Harvest Foliar Application of Lysophosphatidylethanolamine on Coloring and Post-Harvest Durability of the "Regina" Cherry Variety

Bu çalışmada hasattan öncesi lizofosfatidiletanolamin (LPE) uygulamasının kiraz meyvelerinin rengine, kalitesine ve hasat sonrası dayanımlarına etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, Denizli ili Tavas ilçesinde ‘Regina’ çeşidiyle kurulmuş kiraz bahçesinde yürütülmüştür. Kiraz ağaçlarına yapraktan LPE uygulamaları hasattan 14 ve 7 gün (LPE 14+7) ve sadece 7 gün önce (LPE 7) 20 ppm dozunda olmak üzere iki farklı şekilde uygulanmıştır. Sadece yapraktan su uygulanan ağaçlar, kontrol olarak kabul edilmiştir. Tam olum döneminde hasat edilen kiraz meyvelerinin bir kısmı hasat sonrası ölçüm ve analizler için ayrılırken, diğer kısmı su ile ön soğutma işlemi yapılarak modifiye atmosfer ambalajlarında 30 gün süreyle 0°C ve %90 oransal nemde depolanmıştır. LPE 14+7 uygulanan kiraz meyvelerinin L*, a*, b*, C*, h° değerlerinin kontrole göre daha düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. Hem hasat hem de depolama sonrası LPE 14+7 uygulanan kiraz meyvelerinin sertlik değeri, antosiyanin ve suda çözünür kuru madde miktarı kontrole göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak LPE 14+7 uygulamasının ‘Regina’ kiraz meyvelerinin renklenmesini iyileştirdiği, SÇKM miktarını ve sertliğini arttırdığı saptanmıştır.

Agrobiological and consumer assessment of new cherry varieties of Dagestan breeding

The development of new varieties of cherries with a combination of economically important traits, along with the high nutritional value of the fruit, is an important trend in breeding research, which renews and expands the variety range of cherries. The agrobiological and consumer properties of seven new varieties of sweet cherries of Dagestan breeding (FSBSI Dagestan breeding experimental station of fruit crops) are presented: Bela, Dagestan red, Bigarro Krainsky, Garnet, Lyubimitsa Korvatskogo, Lezginka and Nike. The research was carried out using conventional methods for a variety research and biochemical methods of analysis. It was determined that the cherry varieties Lyubimitsa Korvatskogo, Pomegranate, White and Nike are highly resistant to spring frosts, with the subfreezing of flowers being less than 18.3%. The fruits of the varieties Nike, Bela, Pomegranate, Lezginka and Lyubimitsa Korvatskogo are the most resistant to dehiscence, since the index of dehiscence during ripening at high humidity for these varieties varied within 13.5–18.2 %. The susceptibility of new varieties to Coccomyces and monilial blight is insignificant (no more than 1.2 points). Varieties Bigarro Krainsky, Pomegranate, Lezginka and Nike are characterized by the highest content of soluble solids (12.4–16.3%) and sugars (11.01–12.02%) in fruits. Bigarro Krainski, Bela and Lezginka exhibited the highest vitamin C content (9.24– 9.70 mg %). With the exception of the Bela variety (5.0 g), all new varieties of cherries are characterised by large fruits (7.5–9.5 g). Tasting indicators were rated as high (within 4.7–5.0 points on a five-point scale) for the Lyubimitsa Korvatskogo, Pomegranate, Lezginka and Nike varieties. The average yield was the highest for Nike, Bela and Garnet (8.0–9.6 t/ ha). The study showed that new cherry varieties obtained a combination of economic and biologically valuable traits, along with improved consumer properties compared with the control varieties. Therefore, they are recommended as valuable parent materials for breeding programs and the expansion of commercial cherry orchards in Dagestan in order to obtain high-quality fruit products.

Analysis of modern technologies for growing cherry varieties in temperate climates

The research relevance is predefined by the need to optimise fruit crop cultivation systems considering weather conditions. The research aims to test the grafting technology of intensive sweet cherry plantations on small and medium-sized rootstocks. The leading method in achieving the research goal was a field experiment. The main results of this study are as follows: the leading technologies for increasing the yield of sweet cherry varieties depending on the impact of environmental stress factors are presented; the use of clone rootstock technology in sweet cherry plantations in temperate climates is substantiated. According to a set of indicators of productivity formation, the yield of plantations of different designs was predicted. Namely, the scheme of variety-rootstock combinations of intercalary placement, its length, and parameters of the growth complex for plants were revealed; indicators of physiological activity, growth, productivity, fruit quality, and economic efficiency in intensive sweet cherry plantations were determined. It has been established that the application of this technology will increase yields and improve the quality parameters of sweet cherry fruits by developing varieties with compact crowns, which will allow to compact the plantations. It has been analysed that climatic conditions are the main factor in the process of harvest formation. A list of stress factors of temperate climate that affect the yield of sweet cherries has been identified. It is proved that the introduction of clonal rootstock technology is the most effective for growing intensive plantations of sweet cherries in a temperate climate. Practically, the research aims to determine and test a set of elements of physiological indicators of the potential yield of sweet cherry plantations of different designs, to introduce them into production and use them in further breeding

Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses provide insights into fruit softening in Chinese cherry [Cerasus pseudocerasus (Lindl.) G.Don

Fruit softening is a complex, genetically programmed and environmentally regulated process, which undergoes biochemical and physiological changes during fruit development. The molecular mechanisms that determine these changes in Chinese cherry [Cerasus peseudocerasus (Lindl.) G.Don] fruits are still unknown. In the present study, fruits of hard-fleshed 'Hongfei' and soft-fleshed 'Pengzhoubai' varieties of Chinese cherry were selected to illustrate the fruit softening at different developmental stages. We analyzed physiological characteristics and transcriptome profiles to identify key cell wall components and candidate genes related to fruit softening and construct the co-expression networks. The dynamic changes of cell wall components (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin), the degrading enzyme activities, and the microstructure were closely related to the fruit firmness during fruit softening. A total of 6,757 and 3,998 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between stages and varieties, respectively. Comprehensive functional enrichment analysis supported that cell wall metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were involved in fruit softening. The majority of structural genes were significantly increased with fruit ripening in both varieties, but mainly down-regulated in Hongfei fruits compared with Pengzhoubai, especially DEGs related to cellulose and hemicellulose metabolism. The expression levels of genes involving lignin biosynthesis were decreased with fruit ripening, while mainly up-regulated in Hongfei fruits at red stage. These obvious differences might delay the cell all degrading and loosening, and enhance the cell wall stiffing in Hongfei fruits, which maintained a higher level of fruit firmness than Pengzhoubai. Co-expressed network analysis showed that the key structural genes were correlated with plant hormone signal genes (such as abscisic acid, auxin, and jasmonic acid) and transcription factors (MADS, bHLH, MYB, ERF, NAC, and WRKY). The RNA-seq results were supported using RT-qPCR by 25 selected DEGs that involved in cell wall metabolism, hormone signal pathways and TF genes. These results provide important basis for the molecular mechanism of fruit softening in Chinese cherry.

Effects of Aloe Vera Gel and Different Packaging Applications on Storage Time and Quality in 0900 Ziraat Cherry Varieties

Bu çalışmada, 0900 Ziraat kiraz çeşidinin depolama ve raf ömrü süresi üzerine derim sonrası MAP ve Aloe vera jel uygulamalarının etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla ön soğutma yapılmış kiraz meyveleri 4 gruba ayrılmış ve 0°C’de %90-95 oransal nem koşullarında 35 gün muhafaza edilmiştir. Aloe vera jel uygulaması yapılan ve Aloe vera jel uygulaması yapılmayan meyvelerin bir kısmı MAP içinde diğer kısım ise delikli polietilen poşet içinde muhafaza edilmiştir. Meyvelerde muhafaza süresince periyodik olarak yedi günde bir ve +3 günde raf ömründe ağırlık kayıpları, meyve eti sertliği, meyve kabuk rengi (L*, a*, b*, C*, hº ), suda çözünebilir kuru madde (SÇKM), titre edilebilir asitlik (TEA), biyokimyasal özellikler ve çürüme oranı incelenmiştir. Muhafaza ve raf ömrü süresince Aloe vera jel uygulanmış MAP içinde muhafaza edilen meyvelerde ağırlık kaybı az olmuş ve meyve et sertliği diğer uygulamalara göre daha iyi korunmuştur.

QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRUITS OF VARIETIES AND NEW HYBRIDS OF WILD CHERRY

Bird cherry is a valuable fruit plant, used mainly by amateur gardeners in the northern regions of Russia. Bird cherry fruits have valuable biological and medicinal properties and deserve to be included in the diet. The aim of the work is to study the taste and biochemical composition of the fruits of bird cherry varieties, forms and hybrids. The paper presents the results of studies of the taste and biochemical composition of the fruits of bird cherry and bird cherry. Bird cherry fruits are characterized by a high content of solids and varied from 27.03% (No. 14-16-36) to 44.96% (No. 13-2-32), sugars from 28.73 to 54.2%. Bird cherry fruits contain very little ascorbic acid, but a lot of p-active compounds up to 1.41%. According to the content of catechins, the best are selected forms 14-16-36 and 14-1-36 0.86%; 0.53%), and in terms of the number of anthocyanins, hybrids 13-4-57 and 13-8-53 (1.18%). According to the chemical composition of fruits, hybrids and varieties of bird cherry and bird cherry are promising for introduction into cultivation in the south of Western Siberia. Bird cherry is used in the food, cosmetic industry and for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. Fruit traits were studied in several hundred plants of parental species and more than a thousand hybrids. The data obtained made it possible to determine the average characteristics for each group and establish objective criteria for evaluating the selection of the best samples for subsequent selection work.

Comprehensive assessment of new promising varieties of sweet cherry of Dagestan breeding

Comprehensive assessment of new promising varieties of sweet cherry of Dagestan breeding

Effect of Low-Light Stress on Sugar and Acid Accumulation during Fruit Development and Ripening of Sweet Cherry

In the production process of sweet cherry, there are unreasonable planting densities and tree shape selections. With increasing tree age, the crown of the tree continues to expand and the tree body is prone to canopy closure, which leads to the inability to efficiently use space and light energy. Low-light has become a major limiting factor in the quality of sweet cherry. Therefore, we analyzed the changes of various physiological indicators and the transcriptome of ‘Hongdeng’ sweet cherry under shading treatment in this study to investigate the effects of low-light stress on the photosynthetic characteristics of sweet cherry leaves and fruit physiology and biochemistry. The results showed that shading significantly reduces the light capture capacity of leaves, damages the photosystem, reduces carbon assimilation capacity, and consumes the majority of the captured light energy as photochemical energy, thereby restricting the growth and development of leaves and reducing the accumulation of nutrients in fruits. Shading significantly reduced fruit weight, sugar content, and vitamin C content at maturity and significantly increased acid content. Transcriptomic data demonstrated that low-light stress produces a large number of differential genes related to carbon metabolism, organic acid metabolism, and stress resistance, thereby suggesting that low-light stress may affect the expression of these related genes and inclusions in the fruit. The results of this study will provide theoretical and technical support for the physiological response mechanism of low-light tolerance in sweet cherry, the selection and breeding of low-light tolerant sweet cherry varieties, and the cultivation of sweet cherry in facilities.

Determination of frost resistance of sweet cherry varieties using laboratory freezing

Determination of frost resistance of sweet cherry varieties using laboratory freezing

Genome-Wide Identification and Gene Expression Analysis of Sweet Cherry Aquaporins (Prunus avium L.) under Abiotic Stresses.

Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral transmembrane proteins well known as channels involved in the mobilization of water, small uncharged molecules and gases. In this work, the main objective was to carry out a comprehensive study of AQP encoding genes in Prunus avium (cv. Mazzard F12/1) on a genome-wide scale and describe their transcriptional behaviors in organs and in response to different abiotic stresses. A total of 28 non-redundant AQP genes were identified in Prunus spp. Genomes, which were phylogenetically grouped into five subfamilies (seven PIPs, eight NIPs, eight TIPs, three SIPs and two XIPs). Bioinformatic analyses revealed a high synteny and remarkable conservation of structural features among orthologs of different Prunus genomes. Several cis-acting regulatory elements (CREs) related to stress regulation were detected (ARE, WRE3, WUN, STRE, LTR, MBS, DRE, AT-rich and TC-rich). The above could be accounting for the expression variations associated with plant organs and, especially, each abiotic stress analyzed. Gene expressions of different PruavAQPs were shown to be preferentially associated with different stresses. PruavXIP2;1 and PruavXIP1;1 were up-regulated in roots at 6 h and 72 h of hypoxia, and in PruavXIP2;1 a slight induction of expression was also detected in leaves. Drought treatment strongly down-regulated PruavTIP4;1 but only in roots. Salt stress exhibited little or no variation in roots, except for PruavNIP4;1 and PruavNIP7;1, which showed remarkable gene repression and induction, respectively. Interestingly, PruavNIP4;1, the AQP most expressed in cherry roots subjected to cold temperatures, also showed this pattern in roots under high salinity. Similarly, PruavNIP4;2 consistently was up-regulated at 72 h of heat and drought treatments. From our evidence is possible to propose candidate genes for the development of molecular markers for selection processes in breeding programs for rootstocks and/or varieties of cherry.