City Of Chernihiv Research Articles

TAXONOMIC STRUCTURE AND FEATURES OF ALLERGENIC AEROPALYNODENDROFLORA IN THE GREENING OF THE CITY OF CHERNIHIV (CHERNIHIV REGION, LEFT-BANK POLISSIA, UKRAINE)

The first comprehensive assessment was conducted to study the allergenic aeropalynodendroflora in the greening of the Left-Bank Polissia region territories, using the example of the city of Chernihiv, Chernihiv region (taxonomic composition, biomorphological, ecological structure, frequency of occurrence, distribution).Based on the original research results, we found that the allergenic aeropalynodendroflora comprises 82 species, 18 cultivars, 26 genera, 16 families (Magnoliophyta – 59 species, 19 genera, 14 families, Pinophyta – 23 species, 7 genera, 2 families). The most numerous in terms of species are the families Pinaceae – 12 species (Pinus (8 species), Picea (4), Cupressaceae – 11 species (Juniperus (5); among angiosperms – Salicaceae – 20 species (Salix (15), Populus (5)), Aceraceae – 8 species (Acer (8). The most diverse cultivars are Thuja occidentalis (7), Juniperus sabina (3), Acer palmatum (3). Frequency analysis revealed that 36 species are widespread; while representatives of 43 species are rare (most are found in collection sites). We identified the locations of species according to their distribution by different types of urban plantings, with 10 species found in all types of plantings and 22 species found in public areas as part of the greening structure. It was determined that trees are the dominant life form in plantings (65 species: deciduous (47), evergreen (18)). In terms of height, there was a predominance of trees of the I size (27 species) and bushes of the I size (8) was noted. It has been established that most species have a high adaptive capacity to the natural and ecological conditions of urban ecotopes, with a significant proportion being oligotrophs (41 species) in terms of soil demand; mesophytes (43 species) in terms of soil moisture; and heliophytes (39 species) in terms of light requirement.

ADVENTIVE TREE AND SHRUB PLANT SPECIES WITH MEDICINAL PROPERTIES IN THE CHERNIHIV CITY’S GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

Purpose of the work was to identify introduced species of woody and shrubby plants with medicinal properties in the Chernihiv city’s green infrastructure and to characterize the medicinal properties of these plants, as well as to determine their role in providing ecosystem services and to assess the potential possibilities of harvesting them as medicinal raw materials. Methodology. The materials were collected during research of green infrastructure facilities of the Chernihiv city in 2022–2023 using geobotanical methods (Yakubenko et al., 2018). During field research, the degree of invasive activity of introduced trees and shrubs species was recorded. Degrees of invasiveness were measured according to Wagh and Jain (2018) with authors modificationand categorised into 4 different categories namely, recently introduced, possibly invasive, moderately invasive and highly invasive on the basis of their availability. Each category has been given a number (1 to 4) on the basis of the impact of the species in the study area, the higher the number the higher the invasive impact: recently introduced (1), possible invasive (2), moderately invasive (3) and highly invasive (4). In order to characterize the medicinal properties of plants, information sources of the last 20 years were analyzed. Scientific novelty. The composition of introduced medicinal trees and shrubs of the green infrastructure of the Chernihiv city was determined. Their role in the optimization of the network of natural, semi-natural and man-made areas of the green infrastructure of Chernihiv has been established. Medicinal plants are recommended for harvesting and use. Conclusions. One of the most compelling motivations to integrate adventive trees and shrubs with medicinal properties into the landscape the green infrastructure of the Chernihiv city is the ecosystem services they provide. Another advantage of using introduced trees and shrubs in the Chernihiv city’s green infrastructure landscapes of is economic. It is that most introduced trees and shrubs are resistant to pests and drought, so less water and fertilizers are needed to grow them. Adventive tree and shrub medicinal plants play a primary role in the restoration of man-made and semi-natural damaged areas, which are necessary to create a complete network of the urban green infrastructure. The spectrum of pharmacological properties of adventive trees and shrubs that grow in the Chernihiv city’s green infrastructure is quite diverse: from medicinal and cosmetological to antidiabetic and anticancer effects. However, the harvesting of a number of plants is limited by resources and the ecologically unfavorable environment of their habitats. Moderately invasive and highly invasive plants have significant resources and grow in an ecologically safe environment. The procurement of medicinal raw materials from these plants is to regulate their distribution in the natural objects of the Chernihiv city’s green infrastructure.

Research of the Component Composition of Drying Renovation Brick Crumb Plaster for Restoration of Architectural Monuments

The article presents the results of analytical studies to establish the authentic component composition of the brick crumb plaster, which was used to furnish architectural monuments of the 10th – 12th centuries. In laboratory conditions, a number of experimental studies aimed at the production of brick crumb plaster according to the historical recipe were performed. However, a number of requirements were set for such plaster, according to which it must meet European and domestic requirements for drying renovation plasters. The peculiarity of such plasters is low compressive strength (1.5 – 5.0MPa), high porosity (>45 %) and a low coefficient of resistance to water vapour diffusion (12), which allows drying overmoistened walls and at the same time extracting salts from them and accumulating them in the pores of their volume. In the process of experimental research, the historical recipe of the plaster was slightly modified, which made it possible to obtain a plaster with the specified parameters. The performance of plastering works with a scientifically based recipe of brick crumb renovation plaster on an architectural monument in the city of Chernihiv gave a positive result with a decrease in salinity and humidity of the walls.

ЧАСОВА ДИНАМІКА, РОЗПОДІЛ ТА СУЧАСНІ ЗМІНИ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ТА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ВЕСНЯНОГО ВОДОПІЛЛЯ НА Р. ДЕСНА – М. ЧЕРНІГІВ

The article analyzes the long-term variability of the main parameters and characteristics of spring irrigation on the Desna River – the city of Chernihiv. The main methods used are the methods of mathematical statistics, systematization, generalization and analysis of initial data and obtained results. To carry out the research, a bank of average daily water consumption of the Desna River – Chernihiv city for the observation period 1895–2020 (126 years) was created. The analysis of the initial information was carried out and the following series of random variables were formed over a multi-year period: a series of dates of the start of spring irrigation (in the number of days from January 1); range of maximum water consumption of spring irrigation (in m3/c); a number of dates of maxima (in the number of days from January 1); a number of dates of the end of spring watering (in the number of days from January 1); range of duration of spring irrigation (in number of days). The method of comparison is used to identify modern changes. To do this, all the above-mentioned series of parameters and characteristics of spring irrigation are divided into two periods equal in number of years – 1895-1957 (63 years) and 1958-2020 (63 years). The multi-year average values (norms), coefficients of variation and asymmetry of spring irrigation start dates, maximum water flows during spring irrigation and their onset dates, end dates and duration of spring irrigation on the Desna River – Chernihiv city were determined for all studied periods. Constructed histograms of relative frequencies in the form of partial intervals of all studied indicators and characteristics of the spring irrigation of the Desna River – the city of Chernihiv demonstrated the peculiarities of their distribution during the observation period 1895–2020.

PREVALENCE OF DENTAL CARIES AND CHRONIC CATARRHAL GINGIVITIS IN SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF UKRAINE

Actuality. The study of the prevalence of dental caries and chronic catarrhal gingivitis (CCG) in schoolage children living in different regions of Ukraine is necessary to identify risk factors for their simultaneous development and to develop regionally targeted sets of preventive measures.
 The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of dental caries and CCG in school-age children living in the cities of the central and northern regions.
 Materials and methods. 503 children aged 7 to 15 years old were examined, among them 150 children (29.2%) were examined in the city of Vinnytsia (central region), 148 children (29.4%) in the city of Chernihiv (northern region), and 148 children (29.4%) in the city of Kyiv (northern region) – 205 children (40.8%). We determined the prevalence of dental caries and CCG in children 7-8 years old, 12-13, and 15 years old, according to WHO recommendations.
 The results. The prevalence of dental caries in children 7-8 years old in Vinnytsia was 81.3±4.5%, in Chernihiv – 89.5%±4.9%, in Kyiv – 89.6±4.4%, in children 12-13 years old, according to the list of cities, – 68.0±5.4%, 80.8±7.7% and 89.7±3.1±%, in 15-year-old children living in Chernihiv, the prevalence of caries was 94.8±2.9%, in Kyiv – 86.7±4.2%. The prevalence of CCG in Vinnytsia among children aged 7-8 was equal to 18.7±4.5%, among children aged 12-13 – 36.0±5.5%, in Chernihiv – 31.6±7.5% and 40, 4±6.0%, in Kyiv – 22.9±6.1% and 43.3±5.0%, respectively. Among 15-year-old children in Chernihiv, the indicator was 51.7±6.1%, in Kyiv – 55.0±6.4%.
 Conclusion. Differences between the prevalence rates of dental caries and CCG in school-aged children, depending on the region, may be related to natural, geographical and environmental factors. Established correlations between disease prevalence indicators indicate their likely associated course and the need to develop complex preventive programs taking into account both monoand associated course, age characteristics and regional focus.

TESTING OF BRIDGES DAMAGED AS A RESULT OF COMBAT ACTIONS

The work examines the application of methods of static and dynamic testing of bridges damaged as a result of hostilities. Penetration by projectiles and damage by explosions of structural elements, in addition to obvious damage, also form a series of hidden defects, the determination of which according to norms and regulatory documents is regulated to be carried out by means of tests with calculated loads. For testing bridges in accordance with the requirements of construction standards and regulatory documents, the equipment developed by the author of the article was used for digital registration and processing of signals of acoustic emission and mechanical vibrations. The results of static tests of three span overpasses made of precast concrete with a length of 63.20 m along the street are presented. Kvitneva in the city of Chernihiv and a four-span pedestrian bridge with a length of 263.1 m across the Desna River in the park zone of the city of Chernihiv. The peculiarities of the application of the acoustic emission method for determining the state of the span structures of the bridge during static tests with step loading are considered. During the analysis of the results of the dynamic tests of the pedestrian bridge, the results of the application of wavelet analysis were translated to reveal the characteristics of the oscillations of a non-separable steel three-span structure that received dynamic load impulses and determine the natural frequency of oscillations of the span structures. The results of the work are recommended for use during the examination and testing of bridges, the girder structures of which have hidden defects and damage, as well as for constant monitoring of the structures.

Механізм забезпечення житлом внутрішньо переміщених осіб як соціальний аспект захисту населення у воєнний період

The article outlines the concept of «internally displaced persons» (IDPs), which should be understood as citizens of the country, foreigners or stateless persons who legally stay in the territory of the country where they have permanent residence, and who, as a result of hostilities and their consequences, are forced to leave their permanent place of residence for the safety of their lives, within the borders of the country of their permanent residence. The process of adaptation and integration of internally displaced persons in the conditions of war is studied. It is argued that the mechanism for providing housing to internally displaced persons during the war period should not only take into account temporary needs, but also contribute to long-term stability and recovery. The housing problems of internally displaced persons under martial law are identified on the example of the city of Chernihiv. A mechanism for providing housing to internally displaced persons has been developed. Ways to solve the housing problems of internally displaced persons are proposed, including: construction of modular towns; installation of modular houses in the yard; provision of interest-free loans for the purchase of housing; rent of housing by the State compensation to the owners of such housing; conducting an inventory of the existing housing stock and using it for temporary residence of internally displaced persons; ensuring the processes of resumption of construction and use of affordable housing in different regions; reorientation of existing programs for the development of housing construction to solve the housing problems of IDPs; development of mechanisms for compensating the cost of housing lost during the armed aggression of the Russian Federation; development of a unified strategy for helping IDPs on housing issues, etc. It is asserted that taking into account the peculiarities of the war period requires immediate and carefully designed measures aimed at a temporary and long-term solution to the problem of housing for internally displaced persons.

ОЦІНКА ЕКОСИСТЕМНИХ ПОСЛУГ МІСТА ЧЕРНІГОВА З ПОЧАТКОМ ПОВНОМАСШТАБНОГО ВТОРГНЕННЯ РОСІЇ НА ТЕРИТОРІЮ УКРАЇНИ

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the ecosystem services of the city of Chernihiv after the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation and to assess the consequences of military actions for the urban space and ecosystem. Methodology. During the writing of the article, the method of analysis and synthesis, analytical, systematic and graphic were used. The informational basis of the study is the scientific work of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, as well as the authors' own observations and memories related to the first days of the Russian-Ukrainian war and the damage that was caused to the environment. Results. The impact of military operations on the disruption of ecosystem elements has been studied. Using the example of the city of Chernihiv, the importance of component ecosystem services and the need to preserve them to ensure the balanced development of the city's territory and improve the quality of life of the population is revealed. The main changes and consequences of the Russian aggression, which affected the state of atmospheric air, river systems, soils, and forest areas, are outlined. One of the main environmental problems of the city is analyzed - the accumulation of garbage and the handling of solid household waste. The ecological potential as a vector of the work of the new City Development Concept, which began to be developed immediately after the end of active hostilities in Chernihiv, was considered. Scientific novelty. Chernihiv is one of the largest cities in the north of Ukraine, which Russian troops have been trying to capture since February 24, 2022. Occupying a convenient geographical position determined by the proximity to the capital of the country, it is of strategic importance for the state. In addition, Chernihiv has unique historical-cultural and natural-recreational resources that require protection and appropriate treatment on the part of the population. Russian aggression caused the destruction not only of infrastructure facilities, enterprises, and houses, but also caused damage to the environment, which in some places has catastrophic consequences. Thus, the study of the elements of the ecosystem, the study of the city's ecological problems, and the receipt of ecosystem services require additional attention from scientists, especially after active hostilities. Practical significance. The practical significance of the article is determined by the possibility of using the research results during educational activities to increase the level of environmental culture and education of the population.

THE KOSOGS IN THE PSEL RIVER BASIN

In the last monograph of Dr. Oleg Sukhobokov devoted to the population of the Middle Psel River basin in the 10th—13th centuries the attention was focused on the fact that not only the Slavs but also other ethnic groups lived along the southern borders of the Dnieper Left Bank area. Among them could be the Adyghophone Kosogs. The hydronym Kosogivka and the toponyms Kosogovshchyna or Kosagovshchyna (figs. 1—2), which survived here until the 19th century, can testify this supposition.
 According to the Old Rus chronicles the Kosogs appeared on the territory of Left-Bank Rus at the beginning of the 11th century. It was the result of the activities of Prince Mstislav of Chernihiv who included Tmutarakan and the Sula River basin in the south part of his principality. However, during Mstislav’s lifetime, the southern borders of the Chernihiv Principality and accordingly the whole Left-Bank Rus did not reach the Psel River. It happened some time later.
 We can see the Adyghe word «unein» in «The Instruction for Children» by Vladimir Monomakh. He could borrow it from the Kasogs before his reign in Kiev. According to many researcher’s opinion, in the work of Volodymyr Monomakh the term «unein» is found in the part written in 1099. Volodymyr was Prince of Chernihiv since 1078 till 1094. There he could include the Kosogs to his guard. It helped to establish the language contacts. Since 1094 till 1113 Volodymyr Monomakh was Prince of Pereyaslavl. At this time the expansion of the borders of the Pereyaslav principality began. As a result of anti-Cuman campaigns of Volodymyr Monomakh in 1111 and his son Yaropolk in 1116 the southern border of the Pereyaslav Principality had to move to the Middle Psel River and even reached the banks of Vorskla River (fig. 1). The new border needed a new border population. Maybe, Volodymyr Monomakh, following tradition, had settled these new lands with aliens among whom the Kosogs were.
 The archaeological attribution of the Kosogs is a special problem here. In the North-West Caucasus, burials of the Kosogs of the 10th—11th centuries and a later period are supposed to be both cremations and ground burials in stone drawers, as well as similar burials, but under the barrows. Such archaeological objects have not been discovered yet in the Mid-Psel River basin and in Chernihiv city.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ МАРКЕТИНГОВИХ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ У СФЕРІ РОЗВАЖАЛЬНИХ ПОСЛУГ НА ПОЧАТКОВИХ СТАДІЯХ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПРОЄКТУ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ

In the article, using the example of the virtual reality club «Dive VR», the peculiarities of the use of marketing tools at the initial stages of the project in the field of entertainment services in the conditions of digitalization are considered. The role and types of advertising means in the implementation of entertain-ment projects are considered. It was determined that advertising is a complex of all types of promotion methods, each of which has a unique set of approaches to delivering information to the consumer. Modern marketing tools that can be used to advertise services are analyzed. Internet advertising trends in Ukraine were studied and their dynamics were analyzed. It has been studied that the volume of promotion of adver-tising on the Internet, as one of the key directions of its placement, is growing in Ukraine. It has been stud-ied that in general, the online advertising market has been growing since 2021, when due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the peak of the demand for online advertising fell not only in Ukraine, but also in the whole world. In 2023, the Ukrainian online media market is expected to grow by an average of 8% due to in-creased demand for online media advertising in the context of digitalization.The peculiarities of the implementation of projects in the field of entertainment services were determined using the example of the virtual reality club «Dive VR» and the introduction of theSMM-marketer position was proposed as the basis for successful promotion of the club in the city of Cher-nihiv. The economic efficiency of this project has been analyzed and the key benefits that «Dive VR» club can get by hiring an SMM-marketer have been identified: «Dive VR» club's image will improve and its revenue will increase.Marketing in social networks is one of the most effective ways of online advertising in the mod-ern world, because most Ukrainians are active participants in social networks, which directly proportionally influence their choice of services, entertainment or goods.At the same time, each effectively organized project contributes to ensuring the stability of the functioning of the sphere of entertainment services

Some corrosive bacteria isolated from the technogenic soil ecosystem in Chernihiv city (Ukraine)

The soil microbiome is exposed to technogenic influence during the operation of metal structures. There are quantitative and qualitative changes in the microbiota of the technogenic ecosystem. During the study of the technogenic soil ecosystem (ferrosphere), samples of which were taken in the field (Chernihiv, Ukraine: 51°29’58”N, 31°16’09”E), the presence of corrosively active microbial cenosis was established: sulfate-reducing, denitrifying, iron-reducing (using acetate as the only electron donor, and Fe (III) as the only electron acceptor) and ammonifying bacteria. The predominant representatives of corrosively active groups of bacteria were isolated. They were identified as Bacillus simplex, Streptomyces gardneri, Streptomyces canus (ammonifying bacteria), Fictibacillus sp. (ammonifying bacteria with iron-reducing ability), Anaerotignum (Clostridium) propionicum (organic acid-producing bacteria), Desulfovibrio oryzae (sulfate-reducing bacteria) based on some microbiological, physiological and biochemical, genetic features. Strains of heterotrophic and hemolitotrophic bacteria (individual representatives and their associations) isolated from the technogenic ecosystem can be used in both industrial and technological spheres. The interaction of isolated bacteria in the process of microbial induced corrosion is a prospect for further research.

THE CHERNIHIV SIVERIANS

Issues considers the emerging of East Slavic cities is one of the main challenges for contemporary Medieval studies. This challenge refers mainly to Polians, Drevlians, Severians and other tribes and tribal unions which are mentioned in some of Kyiv Rus manuscripts. The paper deals with the description of localization and finding in Chernihiv city the artifacts defined as the ones belonging to Romenska culture, which, in historical studies, identified as Severians (who was mentioned by Primary Chronicle).
 Some scholars (e. g. P. Tolochko), accept the hypothesis of Slavs (from Primary Chronicle) having had the cities. The others (e. g. Yu. Yu. Morgunov) are skeptical to this claim. Some historians (namely, A. V. Kuza) debate on series of material evidences — the empirical facts referring to some of inhabited localities which used to be Old Rus city of the period of feudal period. However, the major part of Severian centers showed no differences from other Old Rus centers, and their socio-topographical components looked in a similar way — mainly represented by the nexus of dytynets and posad. This is the core of skeptical theory, who, however, forget about early Slavonic and Kyiv Rus cities and centers are urban organisms existed not synchronically but diachronically — in the two different epochs: the former existed in times of prehistoric societies collapse, while the latter may be considered as «epiphenomenon» of early Slavonic centers, which inherits them culturally. Some Severians centers (such as Lubech, Snovsk or Radychiv) exceeded by fortifications area even some Old Rus cities. Severians tended to choose high terraces as dwelling places, which is exemplified by Novgorod-Siverskiy, Snovsk, Lubech and in Chernihiv particularly.

UNFORTIFIED SUBURBS OF OLD CHERNIHIV

During its development Chernihiv underwent the several stages of formation: first the fortified parts was emerged, then the unfortified suburbs around them have appeared, which gradually grew in size and new defence lines were built. The process of urban growth has certain peculiarities and periods of its development. The events of 1239 became the boundary for the processes of city development.
 In this pёaper we will have a look at the directions of city growth on the territory of suburbs and beyond the fortifications of the city at the beginning of the 13th century. To a large extent, the understanding of Chernihiv suburbs depended on the time of revealing the sections of the cultural layer, their dating and location relative to the previously revealed sections of the suburb.
 The materials of archaeological research on the outskirts of Chernihiv are analyzed in the paper. The fortifications formed at the beginning of the 13th century covered 350 hectares of territory. According to the results of excavations the cultural layer of Kyiv Rus time was revealed outside the fortifications of Chernihiv. There are several sections of the cultural layer in the Desna River floodplain which should be considered as the traces of lower city development but not as separate rural settlements. Prior to the appearance of the fortifications, suburbs on the terrace of Desna were formed to the north, east and west of the fortifications of the surrounding city. Outside the suburbs, some items, cultural layer areas and numerous settlements were discovered. The paper makes an attempt to analyze the identified materials and to determine the boundaries of unfortified suburbs of Chernihiv.
 New research of the lower city of Chernihiv increased its area from 50 hectares (in 1984) to over 100 hectares (in 2019). In the middle of the 13th century Chernihiv occupied the area of more than 450 ha in total.

The vegetation of sands in the Chernihiv city (Ukraine)

The vegetation of the Chernihiv city sands (natural and technogenic origin) has rather high syntaxonomic diversity (17 associations and 5 initial communities) and the ruderal phytocoenoses prevail. Natural phytocenoses are represented to a small extent (Cyperetum flavescentis Koch 1926, Dichostylidi–Helochloetum alopecuroidis (Timar 1950) Pietsch 1973, Artemisia scoparia–Dianthus borbasii community, Kochietum arenariae Fijalk 1978). Synanthropic psammophytes species communities that are more resistant to anthropogenic influence, are formed under urban conditions. The ecological range of vegetation of sandy alluvia varies from xerophytic phytocoenoses in mineral-poor sand (Kochietum arenariae) to the communities, which indicate waterlogged areas with increased mineralization of water and saline bottom sediments (Typhetum laxmannii Nedulcu 1968). Itispossibletoobserve the adventization and apophization of sand vegetation, one of the indicators of which is the rupture of coenotic connections between the species of the community. These phenomena indicate that the process of synanthropization of the vegetation cover of the city keeps intensifying, and first of all, occurs in places of newly formed technogenic ecotopes.

БАГАТОРІЧНА МІНЛИВІСТЬ СТАТИСТИЧНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ РОЗПОДІЛУ СЕРЕДНЬОГО РІЧНОГО СТОКУ ВОДИ РІЧОК УКРАЇНИ З НАЙДОВШИМИ РЯДАМИ СПОСТЕРЕЖЕНЬ

The purpose of the study is to study and analyze the long-term variability of the statistical parameters of the distribution of the average annual water flow (norms, variation coefficients, and asymmetry) of the rivers of Ukraine, which have long series of observations. For this, we used the sequence of observations of the average annual water discharge at hydrological posts: river Dniester – the city of Zalishchyky, an observation period of the year 1882-2015; river Prut – the city of Chernivtsi, 1895-2015; river Desna – the city of Chernihiv 1895-2015; river Pripyat -the city of Mozyr, 1882-2014; river Southern Bug – the city of Alexandrovka, 1914-2015; river Danube – the city of Reni, 1861-2015; river Dnipro – the village of Lotsmanskaya Kamenka, 1818-2015. The duration of actual continuous observations varies from 102 to 155 years. The longest series of average annual water discharges was 198 years (the Dnieper River – the village of Lotsmanskaya Kamenka), but it consists of observations (1818-1961 – 144 years) and restored (1962-2015 – 54 years). To identify the long-term variability of the main parameters of the distribution of the average annual water flow, a comparison method is used. In our case, we compared the main statistical parameters of the rivers understudy for individual 30-year periods – sequential and with an overlap of 15 years – with the main parameters that were determined for the entire observation period. The determination of the average absolute deviations of the main statistical parameters for 30-year periods from the parameters for a long-term period, defined in %, made it possible to analyze the degree of their long-term variability. Slight variation in time has runoff norms and variation coefficients, which can be considered the most stable distribution parameters. In a long-term section, the variability of these parameters for runoff norms is in the range from 2 % to 14 %, for variation coefficients – from 7 % to 23 %. It should be noted that the highest percent deviations (14 % and 23 %, respectively) are for the observed average annual flow of water on the river Prut – the city of Chernivtsi, which turned out to be heterogeneous according to the Fisher criterion. The greatest amplitude of time variability falls on asymmetry coefficients, for which the average absolute deviation of parameters over 30-year periods from parameters over a long-term period for the studied rivers is in the range from 29 % to 98 %.

V МІЖНАРОДНИЙ КОНГРЕС ЗІ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОЇ ПЕДАГОГІКИ, ПСИХОЛОГІЇ І РЕАБІЛІТОЛОГІЇ «ДІТИ З ОСОБЛИВИМИ ПОТРЕБАМИ В ОСВІТНЬОМУ ПРОСТОРІ»

10-11 жовтня 2019 р. у Національному університеті «Чернігівський колегіум» імені Т.Г. Шевченка відбувся V Міжнародний конгрес зі спеціальної педагогіки, психології та реабілітології «Діти з особливими потребами в освітньому просторі».З вітальним словом до учасників конгресу звернулися: ректор Національного університету «Чернігівський колегіум» імені Т.Г. Шевченка М.О. Носко, перший віце-президент Національної академії педагогічних наук України В.І. Луговий, директор Департаменту атестації кадрів вищої кваліфікації та ліцензування Міністерства освіти і науки України А.Г. Шевцов, генеральний секретар Національної Асамблеї людей з інвалідністю України В.М. Назаренко, директор Інституту спеціальної педагогіки і психології імені Миколи Ярмаченка НАПН України В.В. Засенко та інші науковці й освітяни.Першого дня після привітання розпочалося пленарне засідання, на якому провідні науковці нашої країни мали змогу поділитися своїми останніми напрацювання з учасниками і гостями конгресу. Друга частина конгресу передбачала засідання по секціях залежно від професійних інтересів, а також напрямів практичної і наукової діяльності учасників. Завершили перший день роботи різноманітними майстер-класами.На другий день окремі секції продовжили свою роботу, а інші учасники взяли участь у виїзних майстер-класах, які відбулися у Чернігівській комунальній установі «Інклюзивно-ресурсний центр № 1», Чернігівській загальноосвітній школі І-ІІІ ступенів № 30 і Чернігівському дошкільному навчальному закладі № 52 «Сонечко».По закінченню V Міжнародного конгресу учасники мали змогу побувати на екскурсії легендарним містом Черніговом від вже легендарного екскурсовода Ервіна Мідена, а також послухати виступ капели бандуристів імені Остапа Вересая.

ДИНАМІКА УЯВЛЕНЬ СТУДЕНТСЬКОЇ МОЛОДІ ПРО ІДЕАЛЬНОГО ПОЛІТИЧНОГО ЛІДЕРА

Представлено результати авторського емпіричного дослідження підсвідомих уявлень студентської молоді про ідеального політичного лідера. Такі уявлення, що є невід’ємним складником побутової політичної свідомості, можна вивчати за допомогою проєктивної методики Л. Сонді. Крім цих уявлень, методика дає змогу виявляти латентні особливості настановлень (які насправді є очікуваннями) власне виборців. Дослідження проводилося 2003 р. серед студентів м. Чернігів (n = 120) і 2019 р. серед студентської молоді двох регіонів України – Донбасу (м. Старобільськ, n = 60) та Північного Сходу (м. Чернігів, n = 67). Його метою було вивчення динаміки молодіжних уявлень про ідеального політичного лідера протягом певного періоду та актуальних на сьогодні регіональних особливостей цих уявлень. Виявлено певну динаміку уподобань чернігівської студентської молоді щодо ідеального лідера. Зокрема показано, що нині молоді громадяни поряд із «фемінінними» політичними лідерами (яких здебільшого обирали півтора десятиліття тому) віддають перевагу ще й «маскулінним», а саме: активним, рішучим, владним. Портретні вибори чернігівської молоді і Донбасу засвідчили прояв низки спільних тенденцій: в обох групах популярним виявився портрет екстравертованого, емоційного, активного, рішучого, готового до суперництва лідера; усі найпопулярніші портрети були чоловічими. Поряд із тим у виборах представників сходу України (старобільських студентів) також простежувалися настановлення (очікування) «етико-гуманістичного» та «активно-агресивного» типів, тоді як серед чернігівців – «еротично-гуманістичного». Отримані результати можуть становити інтерес не тільки для політичної психології (виявлення специфіки буденної політичної свідомості й регіональних політичних субкультур), а й для психодіагностики, в аспекті адаптації тесту Л. Сонді або створення нової спеціалізованої політико-психологічної методики. Перспективним напрямом подальших досліджень видається вивчення специфіки підсвідомого (ірраціонального) сприймання політичних лідерів представниками інших регіонів країни, а також інших вікових груп.

Conditions of Dwelling wooden Architecture of the 19th – early 20th Cent. Chernihiv City and its Use in Sightseeing Tours

Conditions of Dwelling wooden Architecture of the 19th – early 20th Cent. Chernihiv City and its Use in Sightseeing Tours

Deformations of low-rise buildings and structures

On the example of low-rise building of the city of Chernihiv deformations of stone and wooden buildings and structures are considered. The engineering-geological specialties of research sites are investigated. With insufficient practical experience in building buildings under dense constructions, there may be negative factors, in particular, cracks in the bearing walls, foundations, overlapping, deformation of foundations and foundations near the buildings, increase of groundwater level, etc. The survey of selected objects of low-rise building, in particular one-and two-storey residential and public buildings in the territory of the city of Chernihiv, with the definition of the causes and nature of their damage, in particular: cracks in the bearing walls, foundations, overlapping, deformation of foundations and foundations near the existing structures, increase of groundwater level, etc. These studies confirm the unreliable condition of the foundation-underground parts of most industrial facilities, despite the slight pressure on the building's foundation, continue to deform. This analysis shows that unreliable engineering and geological conditions that are exposed to external influences (water pipeline losses, lack of planning of the territory, untimely renewal of drafts, etc.), especially in industrial areas where part of the territory is not used at all, or by appointment, and those objects that are exploited may have a wet process of production, without proper discharging of industrial water. The main cause of the deformations of buildings that are unattended is the lack of control of them and the adjoining territory, a significant amount of moisture has hit the middle through the broken windows, holes in the roof structure, destroyed paving, disassembled communications in the basements , etc.

СУСПІЛЬНО-ГЕОГРАФІЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ НАСЕЛЕННЯ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ МІСТ КИЄВА ТА ЧЕРНІГОВА)

The research considers theoretical principles of ecological behaviour of the population. The main factors influencing the ecological behavior of a person are described. In this topic, factors of environmental behavior were divided into groups: external (arising from environmental conditions) and internal (physical and mental characteristics of the person). External factors include social, cultural, economic, legal and other components. They influence other components (economic factors interact not only in their own circle, but also affect the social, cultural and environmental environment). Internal factors of environmental behaviour depend on the characteristics of human nature, motivational settings, values and mental properties of the individual in relation to the environment. Motivation is one of the reasons for behaviour or a strong internal stimulus. It has been established that certain factors have an impact on several social groups (ecological taxation, the actual installation of containers for the sorting of garbage), while others – only on individuals (description in the works of the literature of the nature of the native land). An analysis of the sociological survey among residents of Kyiv and Chernihiv regarding the ideas about sustainable development and the acuteness of environmental problems was conducted. An analysis of the environmental problems of the city of Chernihiv revealed that the organization of waste management and the necessity of building a waste recycling plant are the most acute problems of the city’s residents. Residents of the capital are more concerned about the quality of drinking water. Another major concern is the issue of waste management and management. The third position relates to air pollution. The study allowed for information on the public awareness of the main provisions of the Rio Conventions, the place of environmental values in the hierarchy of social values of citizens, the availability of knowledge about environmental problems, understanding of the state of the environment from sustainable development of society, the use of eco-friendly measures in everyday life. The degree of readiness and attraction of the population to the main types of ecological behaviour is analyzed. Correlation between the level of education and the measures that respondents are prepared to do and are already doing to improve the environmental situation of their city are observed. Mechanisms of stimulation of ecological behaviour of the population are considered. It is determined that the economic mechanism covers two groups of regulators of the environmental behavior of the population. The first of them makes it difficult to limit the ecological and destructive activity of pollutants in the environment. The second – encourages business entities to improve the state of the environment by activating the environmental activities of producers of goods and services. It has been established that the economic mechanism that exists in Ukraine is more oriented to regulating environmental behaviour that limits environmental degradation activities. This mechanism does not stimulate the spread of environmentally sound technologies, limits the introduction of environmentally-oriented innovations in production and does not encourage environmental activities. The importance of environmental education and ecological education as an important mechanism of ecological behaviour of the population is emphasized.