Cherkasy Region Research Articles

МОНЕТНО-РЕЧОВИЙ СКАРБ ПЕРШОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ІХ СТОЛІТТЯ З ЧЕРКАСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

У статті зроблено опис нумізматичної частини монетно-речового скарбу, знайденого біля хутора Кобеляки Звенигородського району Черкаської області, а саме куфічних дирхемів, карбованих у період династії Аббасидів, кількістю 64 шт. Розглянуто можливі причини та шляхи потрапляння даного скарбу на територію Черкащини.Визначені дирхеми походять із семи регіонів ісламського світу:1) Магріб – 32 шт.; 2) Ірак – 14 шт.; 3) Джібал – 8 шт.; 4) Кавказ – 5 шт.; 5) Хорасан – 2 шт.; 6) Мавераннахр – 2 шт.; 7) Кірман – 1 шт. Найпізніші дати на монетах дають можливість віднести знайдений скарб, з урахуванням ще певного часу для його надходження на землі Середнього Подніпров’я, до першої половини-середини ІХ століття, що відповідає періоду існування Луки-Райковецької культури на Правобережжі Дніпра. Науковці вважають, що саме уличі, одне з «літописних племен», які згадуються у «Повісті времяних літ», залишили нам археологічні пам’ятки типу луки-райковецьких.Даний скарб унікальний для Черкаської області як за набором, так і за кількістю знайдених куфічних монет. На території області від періоду посилення слов’янських племен та формування Київської Русі більше знаходять візантійських монет, тоді як куфічні монети трапляються значно рідше. Знахідка даного монетно-речового скарбу може вказувати на шляхи поширення та використання куфічних монет. Дати карбування дирхемів, які були у скарбі, свідчать про їх надходження на Середнє Подніпров’я у першій половині-середині ІХ ст., ще до утворення давньоруської держави, центром якої стало місто Київ. Якщо на Лівобережжі торговельні шляхи, починаючи від VIII-IХ ст., на сьогодні визначені краще, то даний скарб разом з іншими знахідками куфічних монет на Черкащині та на теренах більш західних областей України може допомогти у визначенні таких торговельних шляхів і на Правобережжі та в Західній Україні.

ДВІ ВІЗАНТІЙСЬКИХ МОНЕТИ З ТЕРИТОРІЇ МОТРОНИНСЬКОГО МОНАСТИРЯ ТА ЛЕГЕНДА ПРО ЙОГО ЗАСНУВАННЯ КНЯГИНЕЮ МОТРОНОЮ

У статті досліджується ситуація з трансформацією інформації нумізматичного матеріалу у процесі його виявлення і подальшого використання як у наукових, так і в інших цілях. У науковому середовищі інформація щодо монет, виявлених на території Мотронинського городища на початку ХІХ століття, частково так і не була оприлюднена, а частково була змінена в результаті допущених помилок. Одночасно від початку ХІХ ст. населення Чигиринщини (нинішня Черкаська область) у своєму повсякденному житті інформацію щодо виявлених монет трансформувало у легенду про княгиню Мотрону, яка начебто заснувала православний Троїцький Мотронинський монастир. У статті доводиться, що насправді виникнення цієї легенди пов’язане виключно з помилкою, допущеною при первинній ідентифікації візантійських фолісів імператорів Юстиніана І та Юстина ІІ. Водночас прослідковуються етапи поширення інформації про візантійські монети та легенди про княгиню Мотрону. З’ясовуються моменти, пов’язані з часом можливого виявлення монет та їх дослідженням на початку ХІХ століття. Крім того, з метою формування найточніших уявлень щодо монетного матеріалу, виявленого на території Мотронинського монастиря, відтворюється первинна інформація про дану знахідку, яка була зафіксована у статті Ф. Круга та в архівних документах цієї обителі.

Знахідки в басейні р. Тясмину мідних монет Ольвії з Деметрою та «істрійським» варіантом міської емблеми

У районі басейну р. Тясмину, як і в цілому на території Дніпровського Правобережного Лісостепу, зустрічаються знахідки давньогрецьких монет ІV ст. до н.е., у тому числі й досить рідкісні. Серед корпусу знахідок давньогрецьких монет на території басейну р. Тясмин особливе місце належить монетам Ольвії. У статті розглядаються знахідки в басейні р. Тясмину мідних монет Ольвії з Деметрою та «істрійським» варіантом міської емблеми. Номінал цього типу монет дослідники досить часто визначають як «обол». В історіографії містяться відомості про імена монетних магістратів відповідальних за випуск цього типу монет. Кількість цих імен у різних дослідників коливається від 14 до 20. Проте, ймовірно, ця кількість імен має бути більшою. Проаналізовані у статті ольвійські оболи з Деметрою та «істрійським» варіантом міської емблеми, знайдені далеко за межами ольвійської хори, вперше введені до наукового обігу монети даного типу, що значно розширює раніше відому топографію знахідок монет цього типу. Знахідки в басейні р. Тясмин на території Олександрівського району Кіровоградської та Чигиринського району Черкаської області монет, карбованих у IV ст. до н.е. у грецькій колонії Ольвії, свідчать про існування зв’язків населення басейну р. Тясмин з мешканцями грецьких міст Північно-Західного Причорномор’я у вказаний хронологічний період. Знахідки давньогрецьких монет на території Дніпровського Правобережного Лісостепу, у тому числі й районі басейну Тясмину, спростовують побутуючу в історіографії думку про те, що мешканці Середнього Подніпров’я мали виключно товарообмінні операції з грецькими колоніями в Північному Причорномор’ї, а бронзові монети, які випадково і в незначних обсягах потрапляли до даного регіону, могли використовуватися як сировина для виготовлення бронзових предметів.

Calcium balance in agrocenoses of Forest Steppe (on the example of agro-industrial complex of Cherkasy region)

For 63 years in the agro-industrial complex ofCherkasy region there was a radical transformationof the structure of sown areas, when the whole period can be divided into a period of increasing intensity of livestock (1956–1995), a transition period (1996–2005) from intensive livestock to intensive grain production. and 2006–2019 — a period of business management of the structure of sown areas and weak development of the livestock industry. Such changes in management lead to the fact that in agriculture the main means of fertility management is by-products of crop production, the yield of which directly depends on the existing structure of sown areas. Circulation of Ca in agriculture of Cherkasy region directly correlates with changes in the structure of sown areas and the type of applied organic fertilizers. With the introduction of manure on an increasing trend are the conditions for increasing the capacity of the balanceof Ca, but with the saturation of the structure of sown areas with fodder crops and removal of by-products for economic purposes, calcium removal increases to 36–47%, and for by-products total removal decreases to 28–35% for reducing the capacity of the balance of Ca. If we do not take into account the content of Ca in the root system in the balance, the balance indicators deteriorate, both during the application of manure and when it is replaced by by-products. It was found that during the period of increasing the yield of manure for growing livestock, the ratio between the newly formed humus and calcium involved remained in the range of 8.1–9.9 to 1 with increasing components of the ratio, and the increase in areas and volumes of liming in this period should be associated with an excess of fresh organic matter from manure and unilateral withdrawal of calcium from livestock and insufficient return to the agrocenosis, which required an increase in liming areas to consolidate the excess of newly formed humus. When replacing manure with by-products, the ratio between the newly formed humus and calcium remained stable against the background of a decrease in the amount of newly formed humus and circulating calcium (up to 12 to 1 in 2016–2019) while reducing the average humus content and soil area with acid reaction, indicating insufficient amount of calcium per unit of humus formed during the critical transformation of the structure of sown areas and increased mineralization of its excess, which should be compensated by theintroduction of lime. Analysis of the dynamics of the economic balance of Ca shows that livestock and poultry is an aggressive factor against agrocenoses in terms of Ca removal. With developed animal husbandry, it is possible to reach a deficit of Ca balance with a population of about 9.56 million heads, and further increase of the population to 12.2 million heads makes the balance negative. With the transformation of livestock in the direction of poultry there is an increase in the deficit of the economic balance in terms of area of agricultural land, which indicates the need for soil liming.

RESULTS OF WBC-MONITORING OF FIREFIGHTERS PARTICIPATING IN RESPONSE TO CHORNOBYL FOREST FIRES IN APRIL-MAY 2020.

of this study was to determine the levels of radionuclides in the rescuers' bodies of the SES during firefighting in the exclusion zone of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant and to assess the dose of internal radiation dueto this receipt. From 06.04.2020 to 19.05.2020 in the State Institution «National Research Center forRadiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» (NRCRM) measurements of the contentof incorporated gamma radionuclides on whole body counters (WBC) operational class «Screener-3M» (Minimumdetected activity (MDA) is 300-500 Bq for 5 minutes of measurement at 137Cs) and expert high-sensitivity WBC (MDAis 20 Bq for 10 minutes of measurement at 137Cs). 470 people (523 measurements) in three groups of personnel ofthe SES of Ukraine who took part in the forest fire liquidation in the exclusion zone in the period from April 4 toMay 5, 2020 were examined. Mathematical and spectrometric methods are used in the work. In the vast majority (95 %) of the personnel of the SES of Ukraine, examined at the WBCoperational class «Screener-3M» (more than 500 measurements), the assessment of the values of the individualeffective dose of internal radiation due to 137Cs in the body during firefighting, assuming that it receipt occurredduring operation in the exclusion zone, did not exceed the minimum dose detected by MDD (5-14 μSv). The average value of the effective dose of internal radiation in the group of personnel of the State Emergency Service ofUkraine in Kyiv, which participated in the elimination of forest fires in the exclusion zone from April 4 to May 5, 2020(26 people) studied at the expert WBC, is 2.5 ± 1.1 μSv, in the group of personnel of the SES of Ukraine in Cherkasyregion, which participated in the fire on April 19-24, 2020 (9 people) - 2.2 ± 0.6 μSv, in the group of personnel ofthe SES of Ukraine in the Kyiv region, which took part in the elimination of the forest fire in the exclusion zone onApril 4 - May 5, 2020 (42 people) - 4.4 ± 2.4 μSv. Maximum values of 5.1 μSv, 3.5 μSv, 11.8 μSv in the groups ofKyiv city, Cherkasy and Kyiv regions, respectively, which is much lower than the basic dose limit for the populationfrom man-made sources of 1000 μSv · year-1 according to the Law of Ukraine about protection of the person againstinfluence of ionizing radiation.

INFLUENCE OF UDDER DESCRIPTIVE LINEAR TRAITS ON COWS LIFETIME OF UKRAINIAN DAIRY BREEDS

Studies have been performed to determine the relationship between assessment of linear udder traits and lifetime of cows. Experiments were carried out in the herd of breeding farm AF "Mayak" Zolotonosha district of Cherkasy region on the number of cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White (URW) and Black-and-White (UBW) dairy breeds. Estimation of cows firstborn by conformation type was carried out according to the method of linear classification. It was found that cows with higher estimates for condition of udder morphological traits have a longer lifetime compared to animals rated lower score. The difference between cows, rated at one and nine score for trait of the front udder part attachment, was very significant and amounted 939 (URW) and 710 (UBW) days. The difference between the lowest and highest estimates on the basis of height rear udder parts attachment was 687 (URW) and 878 (UBW) days. Animals with an assessment for udder central ligament development below the average (1.4 score) were used from 1675 to 1832 (URW) and from 1535 to 1810 (UBW) days according to estimated breeds. Cows with an assessment of nine score differed by higher lifetime - 2377 days, exceeding cows with the lowest score at 702 days (URW) and 2322 days with reliable excess on 785 days (UBW). The difference between the average lifetime of cows estimated at nine score and with assessment of one score for udder depth was 618 days in cows URW and in UBW - 762 days. It has been proven that cows were used longer in the herd with estimates for front teats position from five to nine score, and a significant decrease in lifetime of cows began with an estimate for this trait from three to one score. Thus, assessment of cows Ukrainian Red-and-White and Black-and-White dairy breeds by the method of linear classification confirmed that the desired development of udder morphological traits was the key to long lifetime cows in modern technological conditions of milk production.

Effect of heavy metals soil contamination on the oncological diseases rate

We studied the interrelation between the population health and content of heavy metals in the soils of urban ecosystems. We researched the situation in the city of Uman, Cherkasy region (Ukraine), and determined the links between the ecological quality of the urban environment and the occurrence of ecologically dependent diseases (oncopathology) in the old industrial region (Kryvyi Rih iron-ore basin). We found that the indicators did not exceed the MPC using spectral analysis of the gross content of Cu and Zn, in Uman soils. Spectral analysis of the content of mobile forms of heavy metals in the city soils was performed since mobile forms of heavy metals can be assimilated by plants and subsequently enter the human body and the abiotic component of the ecosystem of extraordinary danger to living organisms. We registered that Ni and Pb content significantly exceeded the MPC, especially in the city areas with heavy traffic. Correlation analysis showed a correlation of low and medium level (r = 0.40–0.52) between the content of mobile forms of heavy metals and the rate of oncological diseases. The correlation for Pb and Ni, the content of which significantly exceeded the MPC, was 0.40 and 0.49, respectively. Thus, we concluded that heavy metals could be a dangerous factor in the territory of Uman.

Оцінка перспектив підтримки підприємництва територіальними громадами

The purpose of the article is to present the results of the study of the ideas of leaders and specialists of territorial communities of Cherkasy region on the development of agricultural entrepreneurship and proposals based on modernizing such ideas following modern challenges and needs of the rural economy. Research methods. To identify the views of leaders and specialists of territorial communities on the development of agricultural entrepreneurship, a survey method by written questionnaire was used. The analysis of the survey results brought an opportunity to obtain the characteristics of its components. and the use of the synthesis method provided a general picture of the respondents' views on the development of agricultural entrepreneurship, as well as to formulate proposals for their modernization. Research results. An assessment of the ideas of leaders and specialists of territorial communities of Cherkasy region on the development of agricultural entrepreneurship in communities and their impact on the local economy. The range of tasks for modernization of such representations according to the existing challenges and needs of territorial communities is defined. Scientific novelty. Approaches to the development of agricultural entrepreneurship in territorial communities are proposed. Practical significance. The results of the assessment of the perceptions of leaders and specialists of local communities on the development of agricultural entrepreneurship, the proposed recommendations can be used by central and local communities, organizations whose activities are aimed at agricultural entrepreneurship, in the formation and implementation of rural development policy both at the national and local levels. Tabl.: 1. Figs.: 7. Refs.: 21.

Geoinformation analysis of rabies spread in Vinnytsya region

This paper presents the results of a geoinformation analysis of the spread of rabies in Vinnytsia region during 2018. The material for the study was the official data from the report of the region laboratory of veterinary medicine of the State Food and Consumer Service of Ukraine. GIS analysis was performed using Quantum GIS software version 3.4.10. The highest incidence of rabies among foxes was observed in the autumn-winter period, especially in November and December. Among cats and dogs, elevated rates were observed from October to May (with a predominance in January-March). Among farm animals, the disease progressed in summer and to a greater extent in early autumn (SeptemberOctober). Outbreaks of rabies in other wild animals were not synchronously associated with fox disease and were reported in winter only in January, during spring (mainly in May) and in early summer. Calculated using standard deviations ellipses, the spatial trends of rabies distribution among different animal species show that the vast majority of rabies cases among foxes were localized in the centre of the region along the western border; among cats more compact, closer to the northern border; among dogs, cases of rabies were scattered throughout the territory and distributed along the northeastern border; among farm animals were localized only in the northern part of the region; among other wild animals were registered almost throughout the region. The identification of "hot spots" allowed to establish zones of maximum rabies density with a rate of 27.8 casesof rabies per km2 for all species of animals. For foxes, the zones of the highest density (17.9 cases per km2) were mainly localized in the areas near Khmelnytsky, Zhytomyr and Cherkasy regions. For cats (9.12 cases per km2) they covered the territories of the central and north-eastern districts. For dogs (9.12 cases per km2) only in the north-eastern regions. For farm animals (9 cases per km2) the location of the hotspots coincided with the areas for cats. Among other wild animals, the highest density (3.71 cases per km2) was recorded in the southern part of the regions. The prospect of further research is based on modeling the dynamics of rabies in the Vinnytsia regions. Key words: GIS analysis, rabies of wild animals, rabies of domestic animals, epizootic situation, rabies in Ukraine.

Analysis and assessment of the state of economic security of the region

Introduction. Formation of the market relations during the years of Ukraine's independence has significantly affected the economic condition of the state. There have been radical changes in property relations, forms and methods of the state regulation, development priorities at both the state and regional levels. In general, this has led to instability in the internal and external economic environment and the emergence of new problems related to the further economic development of the country. The list of such problems includes ensuring of the economic security of the state and a particular region. The purpose of the paper is timely detection and neutralization of internal and external threats and dangers that affect the level of the economic security of the region will ensure its stable and most effective functioning at a certain time and high potential for development in future. Results. The use of the proposed algorithm for formation of the state of the economic security of Cherkasy region will not only identify and neutralize threats and risks but also ensure sustainable development of the region. Conclusion. Based on the conducted research, we have developed a mechanism for managing the economic security of the region, which has five stages and allows you to take into account all the requirements for solving the problem of the economic security of Cherkasy region. The main condition for ensuring sustainable development of the region and achieving positive results of financial and economic activity is the formation of an effective mechanism of economic security, which should be aimed at protecting the enterprise from internal and external threats and dangers. It is advisable to form an effective mechanism for ensuring the economic security of the region, which would fulfill a certain set of tasks. Therefore, the definition of the effectiveness of solving issues of economic security formation is proposed to be implemented on a comprehensive basis. It should be done by the evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of certain elements of the mechanism and functional components of economic security, the comprehensive assessment of the company compliance with the state of economic security and the assessment of the company effectiveness from the standpoint of sustainable development.

Corporate Social Responsibility in the Development of Territorial Communities of Ukraine

Main modern society trends tend to transfer a number of government functions to business structures. Accordingly, discussions about the social dialogue between government and business are being arisen in the scientific community. Therefore, there is the enhanced relevance of the problem of social partnership among government, business, and employees. This requires the development of various versions of the corporate social responsibility concept. The article deals with the problem of an integrated approach to the essence of corporate social responsibility. Enterprises and authorities of territorial communities characterized by conflicting interests are determined to be the economic agents of corporate social responsibility. To reach the consensus between them, a system of corporate social responsibility management is proposed. To determine the impact of business entities on the development of territorial communities of Ukraine in the direction of improving the economic security of the territory as part of the social responsibility of modern business, the main structural activity indicators of business entities in Cherkasy region are analyzed. The results of the analysis revealed many problems in assessing such impacts. These are the absence of unified forms of social non-financial reporting as well as a non-systemic enterprise engagement in the development of the territory. To quantify the impact of business entities, an integrated impact coefficient of social responsibility of an individual business structure on the development of the territorial community is proposed. The coefficient determines the impact of the business structure on the economic growth of the territorial community, the environmental situation in the region, the level and the quality of life. Keywords: social responsibility, socially responsible business, territorial community, non-financial reporting

ЖИВОПИСНА СПАДЩИНА СЕРГІЯ ДОРОШЕНКА

A study of the work of an unknown to the general public painter middle XX century Serhii Doroshenko is currently at the initial stage. Thanks to the publication of the catalog and the holding of a personal exhibition, the process of putting part of his picturesque heritage into scientific circulation began. Today the life and professional path of the artist, as well as several dozen surviving works of the master are known and partially researched. The fact that the artist had to live under a fictitious name for most of his life makes it difficult to identify individual facts and documents. However, undoubted picturesque talent, a subtle sense of the landscape genre, put Serhii Doroshenko next to the best representatives of the landscape of his time. The return of the artist's name to the history of Ukrainian art will open another page for scholars and connoisseurs of painting. Roman Solovey was born in the village Pavlivka, Cherkasy region in 1915. During the Holodomor, Roman was arrested by the NKVD, but it is unknown how he resigned, and in 1936 he appeared as Serhii Doroshenko. According to the dates on the student card, from 1936 to 1939 he studied at the Kharkiv Art School. However, according to other documents from 1937, the young artist leads an active creative life on the opposite side of the Soviet Union in Buryat-Mongolia. He exhibits his works at the republican exhibition, works as an artist in the club. In 1939, Doroshenko, as a student of the Kharkiv Art School, was transferred to the 3rd year of the Faculty of Fine Arts of the Ukrainian Art Institute. From 1945 Doroshenko was again a student of Kyiv Art Institute and, finally, in 1948 he received a diploma of a painter. From that time until his death he worked in the Kyiv Regional Cooperative Society of Artists. In 1949 Doroshenko made his debut at the 10th Ukrainian Art Exhibition. Since then, his favorite genre - marina - has been determined. He became a regular participant in Ukrainian and Soviet Union exhibitions, where his works are exhibited along with the best examples of landscape painting of that time. In 1950, Doroshenko became a candidate for membership in the Union of artists of Ukraine, and in the registration card indicates a non-existent place in nature of his birth. He was also a member of the board of the Ukrainian branch of the USSR art fund. His life ended on May 27, 1957 due to severe heart disease.

Peculiarities of collection and cryopreservation of stallion sperm

Horse breeding in Ukraine has always been an industry of national importance, the functional orientation of which has changed because of the development of socioeconomic relations. Currently, the role and importance of horses in state farms is complex nature. Breeding horses are used to improve existing and create new, more advanced breeds that would meet the requirements of European and world standards. Improving the efficiency of reproduction technologies in horse breeding and further progress of breeds is impossible without the implementation of methods of artificial insemination of horses, including cryopreservation of sperm. Multiple improvements have been achieved in the past 10 years with regard to utilization and processing of frozen stallion semen, use of alternative cryoprotectors and new commercially available extenders that allow beƩer cell protection during freezing. It is analyzed that there is only one licensed cryogenic sperm bank of certified sports stallions in Ukraine, which is located in Zhashkiv Equestrian School, from where sperm is transported abroad. It contributes to the improvement of the existing gene pool of horses in our country and promotes the industry. The technological process of selection and cryopreservation of sperm in breeding stallions of the Belgian sport breed in the Zhashkiv Equestrian School of Cherkasy region is investigated. The latest methods for selection and cryopreservation of stallion sperm are presented. It has been investigated that cryopreservation using pre-cooling of sperm for 2.5 h and subsequent rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen vapors is an effective method for maintaining the fertilizing ability of stallions. It is established that following the above rules of selection, evaluation, calculation, dilution, packaging, cryopreservation, and storage of sperm of high-value stallions, the number of sperm banks might be increased. This popularizes the industry, allows to increase the number of farms for breeding horses, and to develop scientific developments in biotechnology and reproduction of these animals.&nbsp

Experience in combating the COVID-19 pandemic in Cherkasy region (Ukraine)

Experience in combating the COVID-19 pandemic in Cherkasy region (Ukraine)

ADVERTISING CONCEPTS OF THE PROMOTION OF THE PRODUCTION OF MILK PROCESSING ENTERPRISES IN CHERKASY REGION

Peculiarities of advertising concepts of milk processing enterprises in Cherkasy region were demonstrated in the article and the evaluation of the level of their perception by consumers was done. It was determined that all milk processing enterprises of the region have their own advertising concept and systematic character of extension and defining channels of the extension of advertising applications are determined by the extent of activity of certain producers of goods and by location of sales markets with their production, financial possibilities, belonging to corporative joining, purpose and consequently channels of production realization. Using a monographic research method, it was found that the full range of marketing communications and advertising channels is used by only four powerful companies in the region, which products are presented at national or regional markets and bigger part of the assortment is intended for final consumption. It is proved that they have in common brand-oriented advertising campaigns for individual product positions, lack of segmentation of the target audience and clear competitive positioning. A study of the impact of advertising on the choice of consumers of dairy products in Uman, Cherkasy region using the survey method showed that for 38.4% of respondents it has no effect and only for 26% it is the main factor in making a purchase decision. The analysis of the level of memorization of advertising of products of powerful dairy enterprises of Cherkasy region revealed that 27.7% of respondents could not remember the advertising of any of these producers, 34% remembered the advertising of all, and the distribution of the number of respondents who mentioned advertising of each brand enterprises are proportional to their presence in the information space. A study of the level of perception of advertising demonstrated that only for the products of one brand, the percentage of consumers — respondents who remembered advertising and positively perceived it almost coincides. It is concluded that significant differences in the levels of memorization and levels of perception of advertising of products of other brands of dairy enterprises in Cherkasy region indicate the need to revise their advertising concepts.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ КУЛЬТУРНО-ПІЗНАВАЛЬНОГО ТУРИЗМУ НА ЧЕРКАЩИНІ

The prospects for the development of cultural and educational tourism in Cherkasyregion are analyzed in the paper.The relevance of the study is explained by insufficient coverage of the issue of culturaland educational tourism in Cherkasy region in scientific literature. It should be noted thatcultural and educational tourism is increasingly attracting tourists, because Cherkasy region isa region where travelers can not only meet the needs of recreation, using recreational areas,but also develop intellectually and spiritually, visiting numerous cultural and historical sites.The purpose of the study is to identify specific historical and cultural regions that arethe reason of cultural and educational tourism.In order to achieve this goal, the following tasks must be fulfilled: to determine theprospects for the development of cultural and educational tourism; to analyze issues oftourists' motivation to visit a cultural and historical site; to determine the specific culturaland historical traditions of Cherkasy region; to feature the prospects for solving theseproblems.To achieve the goal, the following research methods have been used: systematizationof scientific literature and theoretical analysis to determine the state and theoreticaljustification of the prospects for the development of cultural and educational tourism inCherkasy region, methods of empirical research: observation, comparison, generalization.In the course of writing the article, it is proved that cultural and educational tourismis an active way to study the culture and history of the people. Potential tourists may beinterested in historical, cultural, architectural monuments, as well as religious sites ofCherkasy region. It should be noted that there are many monuments of material and spiritualculture in the studied region, which attract tourists not only from all over Ukraine but alsofrom other countries. Unfortunately, not all of them are in good condition. Thus, Cherkasyregion has a significant cultural, historical, economic, educational potential for thedevelopment of cultural and educational tourism.The article proves that Cherkasy region has a considerable potential for theintroduction of cultural and educational tours, given the available resources. The restorationof cultural and historical sites and the development of tourism infrastructure will contributeto increasing the number of tourists.

Influence of temperature on the aquatic biota

Detailed analysis of temperature indicators of Kremenchug reservoir in August showed a tendency to increase the coefficient of their variation (Cv=10.69–13.97%). This indicates the unstability and stress of the temperature conditions of the aquatic environment for living organisms. First of all, it will affect the organisms of near-flood layers of water which are in direct contact with unstable air masses. (Cv=28.45–31.45%). Blue-green algae species which were the most resistant to temperature fluctuations are Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz. emend. Elenkin and Anabaena flos-aquae sp. Their maximum values were recorded in the water area near the village Chervona Sloboda. An impact of a temperature factor and a number of other abiotic factors leads to intensive water «bloom» and subsequent mass extinction of algae Cyanophyta. Hot sunny days with the air temperature up to 18-32°C and water of temperature 21.0–25.8°C are most dangerous. As a result of lethal consequences, significant amounts of the most sensitive species of aquatic living organisms fall out of the ecosystem: Noble ?rayfish (Astacus astacus), Zander (Sander lucioperca). The presented data reflect the process of global warming. Keywords: Temperature; Ecological conditions; Aquatic organisms; Kremenchug Reservoir References Bat-oyun Tserenpurev, Masato, S., Mitsuru, T. (2012). Effects of cloud, atmospheric water vapor, and dust on photosynthetically active radiation and total solar radiation in a Mongolian grassland. Journal of Arid Land, 4(4), 349-356. Doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1227.2012.00349. Birungi, Z., Masola, B., Zaranyika, M.F., Naigaga, I. & Marshall, B. (2007). Active biomonitoring of trace heavy metals using fish (Oreochromis niloticus) as bioindicator species. The case of Nakivubo wetland along Lake Victoria. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 32(15–18), 1350–1358. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2007.07.034 Crayfish and fish die en masse in the Dnieper in Cherkasy region. (2016). TV channel VIKKA-news. News archive. 8 August, 16-46. EU Water Framework Directive (2010). DIRECTIVE 2000/60/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Gorbunova, Z.N., Medved', V.A., & Borisova, Ye.V. (2001). Transformation of urea during the growth of some blue-green (Cyanoprocaryota) and green (Chlorophyta, Chlorococcales) algae. International Journal on Algae, 3(4). Krishnamurthy, T., Carmichael, W.W. & Sarver, E.W. (1986). Toxic peptides from freshwater cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). I. Isolation, purification and characterization of peptides from Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena flos-aquae. Toxicon, 24(9), 865-73. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(86)90087-5. Kruzhilina, S.V. (2010). Perennial dynamics of quantitative development of phytoplankton of Kremenchug reservoir and its structural indicators. Rybogospodarska nauka Ukrainy, 3, 14-19. Likhareva, E.I. (1989). Possibilities of restoring crayfish stocks in water bodies of the Leningrad Region 1. Elements of crayfish biology. Collected papaers of the State Research Institute of Lake and River Fisheries, 300, 10. Lopes, I., Baird, D.J., & Ribeiro, R. (2006). Genetic adaptation to metal stress by natural populations of Daphnia longispina. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 63(2), 275–285. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.12.015 Results of the analysis of water samples of the Kremenchug reservoir in 3rd quarter of 2012. (2012) Cherkasy. Official portal of the city council. October 26. Romanenko, V.D. (2006). Methods of hydroecological research of surface waters. Kyiv: L?g?s. Sirenko, L.A. & Kirpenko, Yu.A., (2000). Biologically Active Metabolites of Blue-Green Algae and Their Role in Epidemiology. Hydrobiological Journal, 36 (5), 14. Doi: 10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i5.110

Tourist potential of Cherkasy region

The resource and recreational potential of Cherkasy region is analyzed. A large number of monuments of archeology, architecture, history, nature, developed centers of traditional crafts and trades, and a fairly dense network of sacred structures stands out among the objects of recreation.Forests and reservoirs play an important role in the recreational area. Conservation areas, which are valuable in recreational terms, occupy 1.2% of the area of the region. Mineral waters and healing properties of the forest climate are the main manifestations of the recreational properties of space in Cherkasy region. A significant contribution to the resource component of the recreational potential of Cherkasy region was made by a large number of historical and cultural reserves – of which there are 8 in the region, two of which have national status. The sanatorium-resort and preventive-health establishments of the region are considered. It is established that they are represented by sanatoriums (including children’s ones), tourist bases and other recreation establishments, whose number is decreasing every year. It is established that according to the capacity index, the largest number of tourists can spend the night at such resorts as «Svitanok» in the village of Svidovok, «Moshnohirya» in the village of Budyshche, «Akvadar» in the town of Mankivka, children’s «Ruska Polyana» in the village of Ruska Polyana of Cherkasy district and «Ukraine» and «Sosnoviy bir», which are located in the city of Cherkasy. The most significant recreation facilities are located in the village of Vigraev, Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi district («Ros» VAT «SPK Merydian», «Dubky», «Ros» (Relay and Automation Plant, Kazar-Ros), Prokhorovka village, Kaniv district («Sonyachna», «Komsomolska»), in the village of Chapayevka of the Zolotonisky district («Prydniprovska»).It is established that there is an increase in the number of subjects of tourist activity. More than 80% of them are travel agencies that are not focused on domestic and inbound tourism. It is found that the transport structure of Cherkasy region is represented by all major passenger types (rail, road, river and air) and its functioning is provided by appropriate infrastructure. The rating of level of development of Cherkasy region on such indicators as hotel infrastructure, restaurant infrastructure, healthimprovement establishments, archeology monuments, architectural monuments and historical monuments was conducted. It is revealed that five districts of the region (Zolotonisky, Kaniv, Uman, Cherkasy, Chyhyryn) have a high level of tourist potential supply, ten districts of the region have a medium level of provision (Horodyshche, Zvenihorod, Kamyansky, Korsun-Shevchenkivsky, Mankiv, Smilyansky, Talne, Khrystyniv, Chornobaiv, Shpolyan), five areas are outsiders with low levels of tourism potential (Drabiv, Zhashkiv, Katerynopil, Lysyansky, Monastyrische).

РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА

The article deals with the features of the location of agricultural production in the spatial dimension. It is established that the main indicators illustrating the level of regions’ socio-economic development are: the region’s share in the gross domestic product formation, the region’s share in national production (certain types), the concentration ratio, gross output at constant per capita prices population, employment rate in terms of sectors of the economy etc. It is proved that the highest level of development is mainly in the industrial regions of Ukraine (the Dnipropetrovsk region, the Kharkiv region, the Zaporizhia region, the Kyiv region and Kyiv itself). It is determined that the largest share of agricultural industry in the of gross regional product structure have traditional agricultural regions of Ukraine – the Vinnytsia region , the Kyiv region, the Poltava region, the Cherkasy region. It is calculated the generalizing coefficient of district specialization of agricultural production, according to which 9 regions of Ukraine have a high degree: the Vinnytsia region, the Zhytomyr region, the Kirovohrad region, the Sumy region, the Ternopil region,the Kherson region, the Khmelnytsky region, the Cherkasy region, the Chernihiv region.

Вирощування основних зернових культур у черкаській області та моніторинг їх фітосанітарного стану

Вирощування основних зернових культур у черкаській області та моніторинг їх фітосанітарного стану