Chemical Industry Enterprises Research Articles

A Method for Assessing Threats for Critical Infrastructure Objects on the Example of an Enemy’s Attack on the Sludge Storage Facilities of the Avdiivka Coke Chemical Plant


 
 
 The difficult situation in eastern Ukraine has made the problem of assessing potential man-made threats more urgent. Among the many industrial enterprises that suffered damage as a result of hostilities, the most environmentally hazardous ones were identified, namely: Yasinivka, Avdiivka, and Yenakiieve coke-chemical plants; Yenakiieve, Makiiivka, and Donetsk metallurgical plants; Alchevsk metallurgical plant; Lysychansk oil refinery; Donetsk state chemical plant; Sloviansk, Luhansk, Vuhlehirsk, and Myronivka thermal power plants; chemical industry enterprises such as Severodonetsk Azot plant and Horlivka Styrol plant. The work proposes a method for assessing threats to critical infrastructure objects from enemy attacks. By applying graph theory and probability theory, the proposed method allows for obtaining quantitative assessments of threats and analyzing possible scenarios to develop cascading effects of emergencies. This helps determine the potential consequences of an attack and evaluate the risks associated with damaging critical infrastructure. The proposed model is based on a structural-logical approach that considers the inter- relationships between different components of the natural-technological geosystem. It will enable obtaining more objective and reliable results when assessing potential military-technological threats to CIOs and analyzing possible cascading effects in the event of damage to these objects. Developing such a model is essential in improving the approaches to assessing threats to CIOs, providing more accu- rate forecasts, and effective risk management. The results of this research can be useful for practical applications in developing strate- gies for the security of CIOs in the context of armed conflict. The results obtained in this work can be useful in developing models for assessing ecological and technological threats to critical infrastructure objects, particularly in the context of military operations. This method will improve the level of protection and help develop effective strategies to counter potential threats to critical infrastructure.
 
 

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ФАКТОРІВ, ЩО ВПЛИВАЮТЬ НА ЕКОНОМІЧНУ ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ХІМІЧНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ

The article highlights the issue of substantiating the factors of performance management of chemical enterprises and is defined as a process supported by software for planning, reporting and business analytics, which allows an organization to link its strategy with planning and execution. The modern approach was implemented many years ago and incorporates past, present and forward-looking information – in addition to business drivers – for a more comprehensive method of financial and operational planning. Some of the key components of the systems include planning, budgeting and forecasting capabilities, as well as the ability to track performance indicators, conduct analysis and manage reporting. Performance management processes for chemical companies also cover the financial close, consolidation and reporting process for better understanding. Because of this, such a situation makes it necessary to improve the efficiency of chemical industry enterprises. This is a key condition for ensuring long-term development, competitiveness and investment attractiveness of enterprises, which in the context of economic development is one of the most urgent tasks facing all enterprises in this industry. Analysis of the economic activity of the enterprise allows to answer many questions related to the efficiency of the enterprise. This process includes researching information about finances, product delivery, internal processes, and other key aspects of the business. The substantiation of factors of economic efficiency of the activity of the enterprise of the chemical industry makes it possible to achieve the maximum result from a limited number of resources. Purposeful actions with maximum results are considered the most important task for managers of any enterprise. Analysis of the economic activity of enterprises in the chemical industry is the first and most important task that must be solved in order to find ways to increase the efficiency of activity. The study and formation of the theoretical essence of the concept of "enterprise activity efficiency" is expedient for further formation and scientific substantiation of the concept of modern activity efficiency of enterprises in the chemical industry.

ДЕГРАДАЦІЯ ЗАЛІЗОБЕТОННИХ КОНСТРУКЦІЙ ЦЕХІВ НА ЗАВОДАХ ХІМІЧНОЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ

In this work, based on the analysis and synthesis of scientific and technical sources, the problem of degradation of concrete and reinforced concrete structures of workshops at chemical industry plants is formulated and its relevance is noted. A number of works on the specified problem are analyzed, in particular, the results of technical diagnostics of many buildings and structures, both newly built and in long-term operation, are described. The need for periodic technical diagnostics is noted and the appropriate proposals are formulated to restore (strengthen) the load-bearing capacity of such structures. Based on the completed full-scale studies of reinforced concrete structures in long-term operation of workshops in chemical industry plants, the main factors that significantly affect the reduction of the load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete structures in aggressive air conditions at chemical industry enterprises are summarized. In particular, the following reinforced concrete structures were examined: columns, beams, trusses, covering slabs and wall panels and other structures at the Caustic Soda and Chlorine Plant (KSiH) and other plants of V.O. "Chlorvinyl" in the city of Kalush, Ivano-Frankivsk region, which were installed in 1968-1973. The destruction of the paint coating due to the action of wet gases HCl and Cl2, the destruction of ribbed panels with a paint coating due to the action of dry chlorine in the calcium tetrachloride workshop, as well as the action of salt corrosion, and the destruction of pipeline supports due to the action of dry chlorine are noted. These destructions are presented in this paper and shown in fig. 1. They are concluded to the following: to mistakes made during design; to defects and shortcomings in construction; to shortcomings in the operation of concrete and reinforced concrete structures, in aggressive environments. Recommendations for protecting reinforced concrete structures in accordance with the aggressive environments, which they are operated in, are given.

Características hidroquímicas y ambiente acuático de las aguas superficiales y subterráneas poco profundas en el norte del delta del río Amarillo, China

The present study envisaged the dynamic monitoring and study of the hydrochemistry of the surface water and shallow groundwater in the northern part of the Yellow River Delta, China. Analysis of the surface water and shallow groundwater revealed that the shallow groundwater exhibited in two forms: precipitation evaporation type and hydrological type, and the latter was obviously affected by the dynamic water level of the Yellow River. The surface water and shallow groundwater exhibited a higher degree of mineralization. Cations of Mg2+, Na+ and K+ and anions of Cl- and SO42- were the main ion components of the total dissolved solids. The hydro-chemical type of shallow groundwater was Cl-Na·K that was a typical seawater or brine form. The water chemical type of surface water changed to Cl·SO4-Na·K·Ca due to the industrial, agricultural and urban pollution. The overall quality of surface water was poor, and the main pollution indexes were found to be present, except for cyanide. The levels of COD and fluorine exceeded the standard values in the surface water. The groundwater quality was poor, since most of the pollutants were detected, except for cyanide and volatile phenol. Eight indexes exceeded the groundwater quality standard levels including Cl-, Na+, total hardness, COD, NH4+, Hg, As, NO3-, Cl- and Na+. The pollution of the surface water and shallow groundwater was mainly caused by the discharge of the wastewater from the petroleum; chemical industry and brine enterprises; agricultural non-point source pollution; leakage of septic tanks and sewage pipes in urban and rural areas, and rainwater leaching from the garbage piles. In order to improve the water quality, the sewage control and management needs be optimised, and the industrial layout should be reconsidered.

APPLICATION OF FIBROUS MATERIALS WITH SORPTION PROPERTIES IN WATER PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES

The algorithm for the technological process of obtaining a chemisorption composite material based on waste chemical fibers filled with clay powders for the purification of wastewater from heavy metal ions has been developed. Non-woven mate-rials obtained from polyurethane-polyamide chemical fiber waste were used as a basis in the work. To increase the mechanical strength, they were fastenedby the needle punching method with a knitted fabric with a surface density of 240g/m2, which was made by plaited weaving using cotton yarn with a linear density of 25 texand polyethylene complex threads with a linear density of 16.5 tex on a single-font circular knitting machine of the MS type. To strengthen the sorption capacity, clay powders of the montmorillonite type were introduced into the fibrous base in the form of filled dispersions of starch (2-3%) or polyvinyl alcohol (3%) in the amount of 5 to 10% of the mass of the dispersion.Sorption-filtering fibrous material filled with clay minerals can be used for wastewater treatment of light and chemical industry enterprises. The use of clay minerals through their introduction into the fibrous base will reduce the hydraulic re-sistance of the sorbent layer, without using a sorbent of coarse fractions, which will preserve the area of the active absorbing surface. Wastewater treatment can be carried out by passing water through a sorption-filtering element. Cleaning installations can accommodate several sorption-filtering elements at the same time, which increases the efficiency of water purification. It is possible to usechemisorption composite material for cleaning silted drains without the threat of adsorbent clogging, and in return water supply systems, which will reduce the risk of depositing mineral salts on the walls of water purification equipment and ensure high-quality operation of treatment facilities.

Жамбылдың «Минералды тыңайтқыштар» зауытының өңірлік экологиялық жағдайы мен халықтың демографиялық ахуалына әсері

The article is devoted to the study of the ecological situation in Taraz, where the branch of Kazphosphate LLP – Mineral Fertilizers plant is located. The study was carried out within the framework of the scientific project: "National program for the introduction of personalized and preventive medicine in the Republic of Kazakhstan" IRN OR12165486. As a result of the study, the recorded concentrations of heavy metals in the atmospheric air of Taraz were at or above the permissible risk regulation and determined the direct impact of emissions from chemical industry enterprises. The total hazard index of traditional pollutants of atmospheric air in Taraz was high in terms of targeting the respiratory organs. The values of the average annual concentrations of other atmospheric pollutants in Taraz slightly exceeded their reference levels. As a result of studying the environmental situation of Taraz from the impact of the actual concentrations of the analyzed substances from the industrial zone of the plant "Mineral Fertilizers" LLP "Kazphosphate", there is a fairly high level of atmospheric air pollution for a wide range of substances. The identified risks to public health from their impacts require the development and implementation of planned environmental measures aimed primarily at improving the environmental situation in Taraz to reduce the mortality rate, morbidity of respiratory diseases, neoplasms.

КИМЁ САНОАТИ КОРХОНАЛАРИ ИҚТИСОДИЙ БАРҚАРОРЛИГИНИ ТАЪМИНЛАШНИНГ ИЛҒОР ХОРИЖИЙ ДАВЛАТЛАР ТАЖРИБАСИДАН ФОЙДАЛАНИШ ЙЎЛЛАРИ

In order to ensure the economic stability of chemical industrial enterprises, the article covers the experience of companies of foreign countries and highlights the aspects of use in local chemical industrial enterprises. It is an accepted trend to study the experience of companies of advanced foreign countries in the matter of ensuring the economic stability of chemical industry enterprises. Including, revealing the specific features of the introduction of a modern controlling system, and scientifically proving the effectiveness of its application to the activity of chemical industrial enterprises operating in our country is the main essence of the research.

Multiplier approach to assessing the investment attractiveness of chemical industry enterprises

The article analyzes the approaches of national and foreign scientists to assess the investment attractiveness of the enterprise, special attention is paid to the fact that the company is considered as an object and subject of the investment process. The purpose of the study is to develop a comprehensive method for assessing the investment attractiveness of chemical industry enterprises in the East Kazakhstan region. The presented methods of assessing investment attractiveness allow taking into account not only quantitative indicators, but also qualitative ones, which is especially important for obtaining a more complete result, and can also be used in conditions of unilateral access to information. As a result of the study, the most investment-attractive enterprises of the chemical industry of the East Kazakhstan region were identified, which at the initial stage should become priorities of the investment policy of the regions. These enterprises are points of growth that can form a driving effect for the development of such enterprises and the region as a whole.

ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СЕПАРАТОРА С СООСНО РАСПОЛОЖЕННЫМИ ТРУБАМИ ПРИОБЕСПЫЛИВАНИИ ГАЗОВЫХ ВЫБРОСОВ ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНОМ УГЛЕ РАСКРЫТИЯ ПРЯМОУГОЛЬНЫХ ЩЕЛЕЙ

An important task in dedusting gas emissions at chemical industry enterprises is to achieve high efficiency. A complex of devices is used for this. Large particles are removed from gases in coarse cleaning devices. Fine particles are removed from gases in fine cleaning devices. However, fine filters are quickly clogged, which leads to an increase in hydraulic resistance and, in some cases, to a decrease in efficiency. An urgent task is to increase their service life and increase efficiency. For this purpose, the paper proposes the design of a separator with coaxially arranged pipes, which is proposed to be installed in front of fine filters. The aim of this work is to numerically investigate the effect of the angle of opening of rectangular slits on the efficiency and hydraulic resistance of a separator with coaxially arranged pipes. The article presents the design of the separator. The principle of operation is described. During numerical calculations, the inlet velocity of the gas flow was set at the inlet of the device, which varied from 3 to 10 m/s, and the mass flow rate of particles was 5 g/s. The particle density varied from 1000 to 3000 kg/m3. The particle diameter varied from 1 to 15 microns. The opening angle of the slits varied from 16 to 24 °. During the calculations, the following main conclusions were made: the structure of vortices in the inter-tube space determines the degree of efficiency of a separator with coaxially arranged pipes, with the angle of opening of rectangular slits α = 20 °, the maximum separation efficiency of fine particles up to 10 microns in size from a dusty stream is equal to an average of 40.3%, the separation efficiency of fine particles from a dusty stream is achieved. the flow rate increases with an increase in the input gas velocity and particle density, because they are easier to dislodge from the swirling gas, the pressure loss in the separator with coaxially arranged pipes is no more than 626 Pa.

Approximation of blades of radial machines with multiparameter family of smooth surfaces

Purpose. Development of a mathematical model for creating the spatial forms of blade devices of rotating radial dynamic blade machines. Methodology. An approach to the development of a mathematical model of blade profiling of radial dynamic blade machines, as parts of power plants, air-jet engines and fuel component supply systems of rocket engines, has been suggested. The approach is based on a physical model of the working body flow over helical surfaces. Findings. A system of equations for describing the blade of a radial dynamic blade machine of any purpose as a family of smooth surfaces has been obtained. A multi-parameter correction of the shape of the smooth surface of the blade, accounting for the change in geometric data, based on input and output parameters of the blade, has been developed. Based on a review of modern technology samples, possible configurations of the spatial shape of the blade of the radial and radial-axial type, geometric factors affecting the surface of the blade being created are taken into account. The possibility of obtaining a multi-level blade apparatus by changing the conditions of the geometric parameters at the entrance is shown. Originality. As part of the developed approach, in relation to the conditions for ensuring the calculated geometric parameters and the working process conditions of the blade machine, blade machines operating on compressible and non-compressible working bodies are considered. In particular, the possibility is shown of ensuring the construction of the spatial surface of the blade of the impellers of radial blade machines with a wide range of angles of the blades at the entrance and exit using smooth surfaces. Practical value. The use of a developed mathematical method allows you to perform the profile of rotating vane devices for radial vane dynamic machines of various purposes, such as centrifugal pumps and compressors, centrifugal radial turbines, as well as diagonal type vane machines. The practical significance of the obtained results is determined by the use of dynamic radial vane machines in aviation and rocket technology, aggregates of the mining industry, and technological devices of chemical industry enterprises.

Improving the Management of Organizational and Economic Mechanisms of Chemical Industry Enterprises

The effective development of the national economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in a competitive market economy and the increasing trends of globalization affecting the chemical industry is carried out on the basis of an investment policy that takes into account modern realities and is aimed at intensifying production and reducing the impact of negative factors hindering the progressive socio-economic development of the state. The reforms carried out in the country to establish a market economy have predetermined the long-term importance of the chemical industry as generating a multiplicative effect in the social and economic spheres. Improving the organizational and economic mechanism of a chemical industry enterprise involves interaction in the operational and strategic management of restructuring projects of industry enterprises. In the article, the author attempts to consider some issues of improving the management of organizational and economic mechanisms at enterprises of the chemical industry of the economy of Uzbekistan.

LABORATORY AND OPERATING TESTING OF HIGH-ALLOY STEEL PIPES MADE BY THE LATEST TECHNOLOGIES

The purpose of the research: evaluation of the quality and durability for pipes made of high-alloyed austenitic and ferritic-austenitic steels, which are manufactured at PJSC "CENTRAVIS PRODUCTION UKRAINE" using the latest technologies, by conducting complex laboratory studies and long-term operational tests at chemical industry enterprises. Materials and methods: the research materials were experimental pipes made of high-alloyed austenitic and ferritic-austenitic chromium-nickel-molybdenum steels of the new generation, manufactured using the latest technologies. The microstructure of the pipes was investigated by metallography and electron microscopy using developed and improved methods. Corrosive researches in laboratory terms included a test on firmness against the local types of corrosion inherent in high-alloy steels: intergranular corrosion (IGC), pitting corrosion (PC), corrosion cracking (CC) and sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC). The mechanical properties of the pipes were determined by tensile and impact bending tests. Long-term operational tests of pipes were carried out in conditions of industrial production at chemical industry enterprises in apparatus for the urea and caustic soda production. Research results: A high content of special low-energy grain boundaries in the theory of coincident nodes’ lattices (SG CSL) was established in the structure of pipes manufactured according to the latest technologies (≥ 75 %); high resistance of pipes against various types of the most dangerous local corrosion compared to existing analogues, a high level of mechanical properties, as well as high corrosion resistance during long-term operational tests in environments at chemical industry enterprises. The implementation of the obtained results will contribute to increasing the efficiency of production and operation for highly alloyed steel pipes in demand on the world market and increasing the competitiveness of domestically produced pipes on the European and world markets.

АНАЛИЗ ВНЕШНЕЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО КОМПЛЕКСА

The article provides an analysis of the foreign economic activity of chemical industry enterprises of the Russian Federation. The data showing the main needs for chemical products of the partner countries for export and import are presented.

ПОТЕНЦИАЛ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ РОССИЙСКОГО ХИМИЧЕСКОГО КОМПЛЕКСА

The authors conducted a study, the results of which allow us to assess the resource base for the development of production systems of the Russian chemical complex with high objectivity. As a data source, the bundle “production – foreign trade – investments – personnel” was considered, and an intermediate period was chosen for analysis, corresponding to half of the implementation period of the chemical industry development program until 2030, since the main trends and dynamics of the work of domestic chemical industry enterprises have now been identified. The data assessment is based on the results of the study «Expert and analytical support for assessing the state of the Russian chemical complex and the performance targets of the implementation of the strategy for the development of the chemical and petrochemical complex for the period up to 2030» and the conclusions drawn by the authors based on the forecasts of the initial period of the implementation of the strategy. It is shown that the development of the chemical industry of the Russian Federation is changing taking into account the orientation to the current economic situation, which includes a reorientation to new markets (Asia, Latin America) and an emphasis on stimulating innovation and investment in import substitution of technologies and equipment. According to the authors’ forecasts, the development of the current stage from understated indicators by 2030 will reach the targets set by the Strategy for the Development of the Chemical and Petrochemical Complex for the period up to 2030. The dynamics of development was evaluated according to the basic and conservative scenarios. Conclusions are drawn: according to both the basic and conservative scenarios, a noticeable growth of the industry is expected from 2030; with an increase in the share of domestic bank lending in the structure of financing sources, the standard of living of the population and working conditions will contribute to the development of the personnel reserve of chemical complex enterprises.

Assessing Finance Interaction of Chemical Industry Corporations with State

The article assessed interaction of state and chemical industry corporations by criteria of budget making, tax burden and managerial impact. The appraisal was made on the basis of methodological tools worked out by the author. Within the period from 2012 to 2020 earnings of corporations of chemical industry producing mineral fertilizers grew and exceeded tax revenues of regions of their location, which caused an increase in companies’ taxation potential. However, analysis of tax payments to the budget system by profit tax, property tax, income tax and VAT did not confirm the growth in this potential. A rise in dividends, payments for losses were typical for enterprises, as well as increasing amount of dividends surpassing net profit. The goal of the article is to identify the level of finance interaction efficiency between state and enterprises of chemical industry. The following enterprises of chemical industry producing mineral fertilizers acted as the object of the research: the public company ‘Apatit’ (Vologda region), the public company ‘Akron’ (Novgorod region) and the public company ‘Dorogobuzh’ (Smolensk region). This choice was stipulated by location of these enterprises in regions with weakly-diversified economic structure and serious dependence on the budget-forming enterprise. The information base of the research was formed by works by Russian and overseas authors dealing with chemical industry development, finance accounting of the companies, data of the Federal Taxation Service and the Treasury of Russia.

BIOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL WITH PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

Petroleum products are recognized as one of the most environmentally hazardous soil contaminants. The sources of this pollution are the enterprises of petroleum and chemical industry, transport, landfills. Soil has the ability to absorb many chemicals and retain them in the surface, fertile layer. Petroleum products change the mechanical, chemical, biochemical and physico-chemical characteristics of the soil, which can lead to the destruction of plants and microorganisms and affects on the soil self-cleaning. The degree of petroleum products impact on plants and microorganisms depends on many factors: temperature and humidity of the air and soil, the amount of nutrients, soil type, the concentration of pollutants. The effect of petroleum products on plants is due direct toxic effects and transformation of the soil environment. At the cellular and physiological level, the effect of petroleum hydrocarbons on plants is appeared in the violation of the structure of chloroplasts and photosynthesis. Hydrocarbons damage the membranes of chloroplasts, mitochondria, root cell membranes. Plants that grow in conditions of petroleum pollution of the soil contain more substances with stress-protective properties. The impact of soil contamination on plants can be direct and indirect. Direct impact - is the impact of petroleum components on plants, indirect impact - are changes in morphological, physicochemical and biological properties of the soil. Moreover, petroleum pollution can have negative and stimulating effects on plants. Therefore, determination the phytotoxic effect in soils contaminated with petroleum products, for selection the optimal methods of soil remediation is relevant today. The question of probiotics uses for remediation contaminated soil is not enough studied in Ukraine. Wide use of probiotic is prevented by insufficient study of this area: deficiency of scientific and scientific-practical base, comparative studies of different probiotics, methods of calculating the required doses to obtain a given cleansing effect and more. Thus, there is a need for further studies of effects of petroleum products on plants and methods of remediation of contaminated soils with probiotics. The article evaluates the phytotoxicity of contaminated soil with petroleum products before and after cleaning with probiotics. To assess the phytotoxic effect of petroleum products were used indicators: seedling height, root length, phytomass of seedlings and phytomass of plants root system. In the experiment were used test-plants: peas (Pisum sativum), oats (Avéna satíva). Remediation of contaminated soil was performed by biological method using probiotic Sviteko-Agrobiotic-01 (dilution 1: 100). The probiotic was applied on the second day after petroleum contamination. The obtained results showed that petroleum products pollution has a different effect on peas and oats in different periods from the moment of pollution. Contaminated soil with petroleum products hadn’t significant phytotoxic effect on Pisum sativum seeds on the 2nd day after contamination. Оn the 30th day after contamination research results showed clear toxic effect on Pisum sativum seeds by concentration of petroleum products of 5000 and 10000 mg/kg; Оn the 180 days after contamination research results showed toxic effect on Pisum sativum seeds at all research concentrations. Contaminated soil with petroleum products had phytotoxic effect on Avéna satíva seeds on the 2nd day after contamination starting from the concentration of petroleum products 5000 mg/kg (such as decreasing the length of the roots and the ground part of plants). On the 30th and 180 th day after contamination petroleum products hadn’t toxic effect on Avéna satíva seeds in the all range of the studied concentrations. It was found that contaminated soil for Pisum sativum becomes toxic mostly on 30th day after the introduction of petroleum products and soil toxicity increase over the time. For Avéna satíva, the soil becomes toxic from the moment of contamination at concentrations of petroleum products 5000 mg/kg and the toxicity of the soil decreases over time. The research results confirmed the effectiveness of biological method (use probiotics) of cleaning the soil from petroleum products. It is established that probiotics clean the soil up to the 5th class of toxicity (no toxicity) at almost all concentrations of petroleum products. Only in the variant with Pisum sativum at concentration of petroleum products 20,000 mg/kg the phytotoxic effect was more than 20% (low toxicity). The average value of the efficiency of soil remediation from petroleum products by probiotics at sowing Pisum sativum was 75%, at Avéna satíva - 74%. Therefore, the experiment showed high efficiency of bioremediation from petroleum products in comparison with soil self-cleaning. On the basis of research results it is planned to develop methodical bases of complex system of remediation of technogenic polluted soils by the way of application of newest environmentally benign methods (using probiotic).

ШЛЯХИ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ОБЛІКУ І АУДИТУ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ ЛАКОФАРБОВОЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ УКРАЇНИ

Chemical industry is one of the main segments of world industry. It should be noted that this is a multi-element production system, which includes the synthesis of substances with certain properties based on mineral, organic and other raw materials by chemical processing. Producing intermediate goods (raw materials and semi-finished products) for all sectors of the economy. Modern chemical industry largely determines the level of their competitiveness, as well as the dynamics of development, nature and direction of innovation processes. On the other hand, a wide range of chemical products confirms its importance in the consumer market. The presence of debatable issues on the activities of chemical industry of Ukraine, as well as problems in the information support of management information on the state of the material and technical base, led to the choice of topic, goal, objectives, subject and structure of research. Priority directions of development of the paint and varnish industry as a whole and in the context of individual business entities should focus on solving problems that ACCOUNTING, ANALYSIS AND AUDIT Issue I (81), 2021 73 together will ensure the competitiveness of the industry and its progressive development in the complex conditions of modern transformation processes of Ukraine’s economy. One of the problems hindering the development of domestic enterprises of chemical industry is the inadequacy of accounting and analytical support systems for information support of management decisions on the formation and use of material and technical base of economic entities. Taking into account all the above mentioned, we consider it appropriate to introduce an internal audit mechanism in enterprises for the efficiency of the use of fixed assets in order to form an information base for management staff. The article examines the state and prospects of development of the paint and varnish industry of Ukraine in order to attract investment flows, as well as the need to implement an internal audit system in order to form an information base for management staff. During the study of current state of chemical industry of Ukraine, methods of observation and detailing were used; in the study of statistical material and information of the surveyed enterprises - methods of grouping and comparison, as well as methods of synthesis and analysis The introduction of internal audit of fixed assets in order to control the effectiveness of their use, as well as to make informed management decisions is based on the improvement of the accounting system. After all, it is the data of accounting and reporting allow us to assess the actual availability of fixed assets, the correctness of the service life, the correct choice of depreciation method, as well as the accuracy of its calculation, completeness of accounting, correct correspondence of accounts and generalization of information in financial statements. Therefore, it is necessary to study ways of improvement of the account and internal audit at the enterprises of the paint and varnish industry considering functions of management of development of material and technical base of the enterprise.

МЕДИКО-ТАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА И ОСНОВНЫЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ЛЕЧЕБНО-ЭВАКУАЦИОННОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ПРИ АВАРИЯХ НА ХИМИЧЕСКИ-ОПАСНЫХ ОБЪЕКТАХ

The lecture presents the basic definitions and classifications of accidents at chemically hazardous facilities. Describes the medico-tactical characteristics of potent toxic substances, as well as the features of emergencies at the enterprises of the chemical industry. To predict and assess the situation in emergency situations at chemically hazardous facilities, mathematical models of the spread of chemical pollution have been used, and the calculation of the possible amount of people affected by potent toxic substances is shown. Particular attention is paid to the basic principles of organizing medical and evacuation support in case of accidents at chemically hazardous facilities.

Setting tasks for constructing an integrated decision support and control system according to minimize losses from harmful effects of atmospheric pollutants

Abstract Integrated decision support systems are widespread in solving problems for reducing the harmful effects of air pollutants from industry and vehicles. Authors have developed new tasks for these systems to minimize damage caused by atmospheric emissions. Researchers have proposed a general approach to their solution, which allows to reduce the search time solutions. Authors have compiled a list of tasks that are part of a typical integrated decision support and management system based on the criterion of minimum losses from air pollutants harmful effects. We have determined the harmful substances contained in air pollutants of vehicles, ferrous metallurgy, chemical, machine-building and metal-working industry enterprises, as well as in the atmospheric emissions from thermal power plants, which must be taken into account in the process of solving the tasks for reducing the damage caused by atmospheric emissions from industrial enterprises and vehicles. We have designed new meaningful and formalized problem statements of integrated intelligent system functional structure synthesis for minimizing damage caused by air pollutions. Authors have solved the task of coordinating the integrated intelligent decision support system functional structure which allowed us to obtain an economic effect. As a result, authors developed a standard functional structure of an intelligent information system for environmental monitoring and management. This system reduces the losses from air pollution from industrial emissions. This will make it possible to implement this type of systems more effectively.

Entelektüel Sermaye Türkiye'de Bir Uygulama

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the performance indicators of large-scale enterprises and intellectual capital components. Within the scope of the study, the data of the selected large-scale enterprises operating in the chemical industry in Turkey from 2009 and 2016 were analyzed. Ante Pulic's value-added intellectual coefficient method was used to calculate the intellectual capital of these enterprises. The research question of the study is to analyze the presence of statistical relationship between the performance indicators of the companies operating in the chemical industry (economic value-added, efficiency, profitability, growth, and asset turnover) and intellectual capital components. Correlation and regression analysis were used to examine the relationships between variables. As the result of the analysis, significant and positive relationships were found between economic value-added, asset profitability and efficiency parameters and intellectual capital coefficient. One of the outstanding results in the analysis is that the enterprises with high potential to create economic value-added have similarly high market values It has been observed that intellectual capital components and chemical industry enterprises have an effect on the performance indicators. No significant relationship was found between growth and asset turnover indicators, and intellectual capital components.