Chemical-bromatological Composition Research Articles

Phosphate Fertilization Improve Productivity and Chemical-Bromatological Composition of Leaf Blade of Unburned Pasture

Phosphate Fertilization Improve Productivity and Chemical-Bromatological Composition of Leaf Blade of Unburned Pasture

Chemical-bromatological composition of elephant grass silage with increasing levels of acerola by-product

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical-bromatological composition of elephant grass (EG) silages with the addition of acerola by-product (ABP). The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments: Treatment 1 = 100% EG; Treatment 2 = 94% EG + 06% ABP; Treatment 3 = 88% EG + 12% ABP; Treatment 4 = 82% EG + 18% ABP and Treatment 5 = 76% EG + 24% ABP, with four replications (silos). EG and ABP were mixed at the time of ensiling. The silos were open at 42 days and samples were collect for chemical analysis. The addition of up to 24% of ABP in EG silage significantly (P<.05) increases the pH, dry matter (DM) and crude protein levels, thus providing fermentations within desirable standards. The estimated dry matter intake, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ash and ethereal extract of EG silage was not influenced by ABP. Total digestible nutrients, total carbohydrates, hemicellulose and estimated DM digestibility decreased linearly. The high levels of NDF and acid detergent fiber of the ABP compromise the DM digestibility, reducing the nutritional value of the silages.

Effect of refused melon fruit inclusion on sorghum ensilage

Ensilage of refused fruit with forage is a viable approach to increase resource use in ruminant feed. The use of refused melon (Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. inodorus H. Jacq.) fruit (RMF), ensiled at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, or 8% of natural matter with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), was assessed in terms of chemical- bromatological composition and fermentative profile. Experimental silos filled with mixtures and hermetically sealed were used. After 34 d of fermentation, the silos were opened, and samples were analyzed. Dry matter concentration shows a quadratic increase (P < 0.05) with RMF inclusion in sorghum silage rising from 30.83% to 32.08% at 4% of RMF inclusion, followed by a reduction in the subsequent levels. There was a linear increase (P < 0.05) in ether extract, total digestible nutrients, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, and in vitro digestibility of DM and organic matter, increasing respectively 3.96%, 5.32%, 0.25 Mcal kg-1, 0.19 Mcal kg-1, 1.89% and 0.74% from 0% to 8% of RMF inclusion. There was a linear reduction (P < 0.05) of neutral detergent fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin with RMF inclusion. We also observed a linear increase (P < 0.05) in ammoniacal N, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and lactic acid concentrations in silage with the addition of RMF. The inclusion of RMF improved the chemical-bromatological composition and fermentative profile of sorghum silage, and an inclusion level of 8% is recommended.

Avaliação da espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo para previsão da composição químico-bromatológica da silagem de sorgo

The objective was to evaluate the adequacy of near-infrared spectroscopy for predicting the chemical-bromatological composition of sorghum BRS 658 and BRS Ponta Negra silage, in PVC mini-silos, ensiled at grain maturation stages E7 or milky, E8 or pasty and hard mealy. The model using the Savitzky-Golay 1st Derivative for DIVMS showed lower RMSEC, RMSECV and RMSEP (5.96, 7.42, 6.96) respectively. For DIVMO, the Multiplicative Signal Correction (MSC) + Savitzky-Golay 1st Derivative model with two windows showed better performance, with higher R2 in calibration, validation and prediction (0.82, 0.72, 0.56) respectively. In the independent validation of the models, no significant difference was observed between the predicted and reference values for the BP, IVMSD and IVMOD variables. The NIRS methodology is capable of accurately predicting the protein content, in vitro digestibility of dry matter and in vitro digestibility of organic matter in sorghum silage.

The growth habits of tropical legumes affect the nutritive herbage value more than harvesting frequency

Context Harvest regimes may change the nutritive herbage value of tropical legumes depending on growth habit and regrowth capability. Aim This study aimed to compare the nutritive values of butterfly pea herb (Clitoria ternatea L.) to the sub-shrub stylo cv. Campo Grande (Stylosanthes capitata Vog. × Stylosanthes macrocephala M. B. Ferr. &amp; N. S. Costa) and shrub hedge lucerne (Desmanthus pernambucanus (L.) Thellung) harvested at 60 and 90-day regrowth. Methods The trial used a randomised complete block design with a split-plot arrangement and four replicates. Leaves and stems were collected in the rainy seasons of 2019 and 2020 and analysed for chemical-bromatological composition and digestibility. Key results Higher crude protein contents were observed in butterfly pea (233 g/kg) than in stylo leaves (179 g/kg). Elevated proportions of insoluble fractions of carbohydrates (259 g/kg) and proteins (137 g/kg) were found in hedge lucerne leaves, also extremely high levels of condensed tannins (303 g/kg). High levels of dry matter digestibility were found in stylo (788 g/kg) and butterfly pea leaves (774 g/kg). The harvest frequencies changed the nutritive values inconsistently. Conclusions The butterfly pea herb and the sub-shrub stylo cv. Campo Grande can be managed under varied harvest frequencies without changing the nutritional value significantly. Prolonged harvest intervals must be avoided in hedge lucerne management for animal feeding because of its high contents of secondary metabolites. Implications This study restated the already-known nutritional variations among tropical legumes due to different growth habits and revealed a significant presence of condensed tannins in hedge lucerne’s leaves.

Composição químico-bromatológica de silagens de genótipos de sorgo biomassa

ABSTRACT The biomass sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] was developed for energy production, but its agronomic characteristics make it an alternative plant for silage production. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical-bromatological composition of silages from biomass sorghum genotypes. The experimental genotypes B004, B005, B009, B010, B011, B013, B015 and B020, as well as three commercially available genotypes (BRS655, Volumax and K1009), were evaluated. The pH, dry matter, ash, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose and lignin were analyzed. A completely randomized design, with four replications, was used, having the genotypes as treatments. Although significant differences were observed among the 11 genotypes, the chemical-bromatological composition of all them showed their potential to be used for silage production.

Deois flexuosa (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) in Perennial Forage Species (Poaceae): Quali-quantitative Impacts and Tolerance Expression.

This study aimed to characterize the quantitative and qualitative damage caused by Deois flexuosa (Walker) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) adults in Axonopus catharinensis cv. SCS 315 Catarina and Cynodon dactylon (Tifton 85 and Jiggs cultivars) under different infestation densities and, consequently, the expression of tolerance-type resistance. For this purpose, potted plants were infested with different insect densities (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 adults m-2). The impact of the infestation levels was assessed in the first growth cycle (10-day coexistence period) and in the regrowth (40days after the first cut, without infestation) based on crop yield and chemical-bromatological composition as well as on photosynthetic pigments and hydrogen peroxide content. The principal component analysis relating infestation density and chemical-bromatological parameters showed a positive correlation between infestation density of D. flexuosa and the contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and the dry matter (DM). On the other hand, infestation density inversely correlated with the tillering rate, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids), and iron content. In general, the impacts on DM production and chemical-bromatological composition were lower in A. catharinensis cv. SCS 315 Catarina when compared to the Cynodon species, possibly because A. catharinensis has higher tillering capacity and does not show a reduction in the photosynthetic pigments, which may act as compensating factors to D. flexuosa damage. Our results demonstrate that the A. catharinensis cultivar expresses tolerance-type resistance to D. flexuosa and constitutes an interesting option for pasturelands formation and diversification where this spittlebug species is an emerging pest.

Silagem de dieta total de cana de açúcar ensilada com quitosana e inoculante microbiano homoláctico: características da silagem e digestão animal

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate total mixed ration silages with sugarcane and the additives microbial inoculant and chitosan. Thirty mini-silos were used in a completely randomized design, with three treatments and ten replications. Silages were composed of sugarcane mixed with corn bran, whole soybean, urea, and mineral mixtures at a 50:50 roughage to concentrate ratio. Treatments consisted of control silage, microbial additive (Lactobacillus plantarum + Pediococcus acidilactici, 4 g/t of KeraSil, Kera Nutrição Animal), and chitosan (10 g/kg of natural matter). Silages were evaluated for fermentation and microbiological profile, fermentation losses, aerobic stability, chemical-bromatological composition, intake, and digestibility. Fermentation profile showed no significant difference between treatments for pH values, with a mean value of 4.79. Production of acetic and propionic acids showed no difference between treatments, with mean values of 7.34 and 0.053 mmol/kg DM, respectively. Dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein intake of the total mixed ration silage differed statistically from the other treatments (P&lt;0.05), but fresh sugarcane and sugarcane silage intake did not differ from each other (P&gt;0.05). Digestibility values of DM, OM, and NDF were higher in the total mixed ration silage (P&lt;0.05), while sugarcane silage and fresh sugarcane showed no difference from each other (P&gt;0.05). Total mixed ration silage increased nutrient intake and digestibility, with a better fermentation pattern when added with the microbial inoculant.

Uso de co-produtos dietéticos no desempenho de coelhos: uma revisão

The Brazilian rabbit farming is in growing expansion, however, the cost with feeding are high. To ensure economic viability in the rabbit sector, research has been developed related to the use of alternative foods and co-products, aiming to reduce diet related costs. Therefore, the objective of this literature review was to approach the use of co-products and alternative foods in the diet of rabbits, focusing on their effect on animal performance. The period of publication of articles estimated for the searches was between 2010 and 2022. The availability of co-products and alternative foods is wide, however, when choosing these, factors such as source, quality and chemical-bromatological composition and region must be taken into accout. These factors are related to possible deleterious effects that can lead to reduced animal performance. Once chosen, it is expected that the dietary inclusion of such foods will promote better intestinal health of the animals, and consequently greater weight gain, lower feed conversion and influence the cost of production of the diet. It is conclude that there is a diversity of ingredients available to be included in diets for rabbits. However, it is necessary to carry out continuous studies to efficiently determine the inclusion levels per phase, as well as the identification of anti-nutritional factors and negative effects present in certain foods.

Silicon Application Induced Alleviation of Aluminum Toxicity in Xaraés Palisadegrass

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major abiotic constraint for agricultural production in acidic soils that needs a sustainable solution to deal with plant tolerance. Silicon (Si) plays important roles in alleviating the harmful effects of Al in plants. The genus Urochloa includes most important grasses and hybrids, and it is currently used as pastures in the tropical regions. Xaraés palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés) is a forage that is relatively tolerant to Al toxicity under field-grown conditions, which might be explained by the great uptake and accumulation of Si. However, studies are needed to access the benefits of Si application to alleviate Al toxicity on Xaraés palisadegrass nutritional status, production, and chemical–bromatological composition. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions with the effect of five Si concentrations evaluated (0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 mM) as well as with nutrient solutions containing 1 mM Al in two sampling dates (two forage cuts). The following evaluations were performed: number of tillers and leaves, shoot biomass, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Al, and Si concentration in leaf tissue, Al and Si concentration in root tissue, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content in Xaraés palisadegrass shoot. Silicon supply affected the relation between Si and Al uptake by increasing root Al concentration in detriment to Al transport to the leaves, thereby alleviating Al toxicity in Xaraés palisadegrass. The concentrations between 1.4 and 1.6 mM Si in solution decreased roots to shoots Al translocation by 259% (from 3.26 to 1.26%), which contributed to a higher number of leaves per plot and led to a greater shoot dry mass without affecting tillering. Xaraés palisadegrass could be considered one of the greatest Si accumulator plants with Si content in leaves above 4.7% of dry mass. In addition, Si supply may benefit nutrient-use efficiency with enhanced plant growth and without compromising the chemical–bromatological content of Xaraés palisadegrass.

Ensilajes de triticale de alta humedad con aditivos químicos y biológicos: valores nutrimentales y comportamiento de ingesta en ovinos

Triticale high moisture grain triticale silage is an excellent option for ruminant diets, but loss control during its fermentation process should be further investigated. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chemical and biological additives on high moisture triticale silages under chemical-bromatological composition, aerobic stability, and in vivo digestibility and ingestive behavior in sheep. The treatments were: high moisture triticale silage without additive (HMTC); high moisture triticale silage with enzyme-bacterial inoculant (HMTEB); high moisture triticale silage with 0.5 % urea in natural matter (HMTU); and high moisture triticale silage with 1.5 % sodium benzoate in natural matter (HMTSB). Four sheep were housed in appropriate metabolic cages according to the ethical principles of animal experimentation. The addition of urea as additive to high moisture triticale silage provided an increase in crude protein and ammoniacal silage (189.7 and 106.2 g kg MS-1, respectively) but did not affect digestibility (699.6 g kg MS-1 for HMTU, with a general average of treatments of 687.5 g kg MS-1) and ingestive behavior of sheep. Fiber consumption by sheep increased with the addition of the enzyme-bacterial additive in the silage (431.87 versus 388.06 g d-1 of FDN for HMTEB and HMTC, respectively). All additives helped to preserve crude protein contents after silo opening, but none interfered in aerobic stability time of silage.

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MAIZE GROWN UNDER INCREASING NITROGEN DOSES IN SUCCESSION TO INTERCROPPED PASTURES

The aim of this work was to carry out an economic analysis of production systems with the use of cold season pastures followed by maize cultivation with surface application of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizer. The treatments were: black oat + 200 kg of N ha-1 (Bo+N); black oat + white clover (Bo+Wc); black oat + vetch (Bo+Ve); black oat + red clover (Bo+Rc); and black oat + forage peanut (Bo+Fp). Experimental randomized block design was used, with four replications. The forage species were evaluated as to dry matter production, chemical-bromatological composition, estimated milk production (kg ha-1) and gross income (R$ ha-1). Maize was cultivated in succession, with doses of 0, 100 and 200 kg of N ha-1, in a split-plot design. Among the profitability indices evaluated, the gross margin (R$ ha-1) stands outs. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared through Tukey's test at 5% probability. In the pasture phase, the Bo+N treatment presented higher gross income. In the cropping phase, the gross margin was higher in the Bo+Ve treatment, but it did not differ from the Bo+N treatment. In terms of system, the best economic result was obtained with the Bo+N treatment.

Growth bioestimulant in marandu grass cultivated in the amazon biome

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a biostimulant on the morphogenesis, structure, productivity, and chemical composition of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, managed under two nitrogen fertilization levels. Collections were carried out during the dry (June to September) and the rainy season (September to April). The experimental area was divided into 48 plots of 8 m2 each, using a randomized block design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement (0, 1, 2, and 3 L ha−1 of biostimulant × 50 and 150 kg N ha−1 year−1), and subdivided over time into dry and rainy seasons. Treatments were applied in a single dose. An interaction was observed between biostimulant and nitrogen fertilization for the total forage dry matter production and daily forage dry matter production, in which an increase of 30.1 and 25.3% was observed in the total dry matter production and 33.7 and 27.6% in the daily dry matter production when using 1 and 2 L ha−1 of biostimulant, respectively, compared to the non-application of biostimulant and with fertilization of 50 kg N ha−1 year−1. The leaf life-span showed a triple interaction (biostimulant × nitrogen fertilization × season), and a decomposition of the interaction showed that the fertilization of 150 kg N ha−1 year−1 provided a shorter leaf life-span during the dry season, with no difference for the other combinations of factors. No interactions were found for the chemical-bromatological composition, with no differences for the biostimulant application. Biostimulant doses of 1 and 2 L ha−1 increase the dry matter production per hectare in the nitrogen fertilization of 50 kg N ha−1 year−1, but its action is not effective with the highest nitrogen fertilization (150 kg N ha−1 year−1).

Equação de regressão para estimar volume de gases ruminais e correlação entre composição química e parâmetros da fermentação

RESUMO: Objetivou-se determinar a equação de regressão para se estimar o volume de gases para implantação da técnica semiautomática de produção de gases in vitro e avaliar a correlação entre os parâmetros de fermentação ruminal e de composição bromatológica de forrageiras tropicais. As espécies avaliadas foram Urochloa brizantha cv. MG-5, Andropogon gayanus, Urochloa humidicola e Digitaria umfolozi. As forrageiras foram avaliadas quanto a composição química e cinética de fermentação ruminal pela técnica de produção de gases in vitro semiautomática. A pressão mínima de gases obtida foi de 0,09 psi, sendo a pressão máxima registrada foi de 4,8 psi, o volume mínimo de gases registrado foi de 0,30 ml e o máximo de 20 mL. A equação linear é a que melhor prediz os dados de volume de gases em relação a pressão, por possuir valor de R2 e correlação variando de 0,94 a 1,00, respectivamente). O aumento no teor de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta e lignina reduzem o volume total de gases produzido. A composição químico-bromatológica correlaciona-se com alguns parâmetros de fermentação ruminal, refletido na cinética da degradação das forrageiras.&#x0D; PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Degradabilidade digestibilidade, forrageiras, graminea, produção de gás, técnica semiautomática.

Adaptability and Comparative Biology of Fall Armyworm on Maize and Perennial Forage Species and Relation with Chemical-Bromatological Composition.

This study compared the development of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on forage species of different genera (Arachis, Axonopus, and Cynodon) in relation to maize (preferred host) as well as its adaptability on these forage species, which are the main cultivated forages in southern Brazil. The biological performance of S. frugiperda fed on host plants studied showed the highest adaptation index (AI) in maize (26.89), followed by bermudagrass (22.02), suggesting that bermudagrass is the most suitable alternative host for the development of S. frugiperda. In contrast, the giant missionary grass (18.80) and Pinto peanut (13.81) showed lower adequacy, with a relative adaptation index (RAI) 69.93 and 51.35%, respectively, using maize as standard. The cluster analysis based on similarity of the chemical-bromatological parameters showed that maize has a richer composition than the other plant species studied. The multivariate correlation analysis between AI and chemical-bromatological composition showed a positive correlation between AI and contents of ashes, ethereal extract, potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium and, to a lesser extent, with contents of nitrogen, crude protein, and copper. In this context, complexity of host composition and balance between components could explain the biological fitness of S. frugiperda on host plant species. Pasture diversification with giant missionary grass, or especially with Pinto peanut, may be an interesting strategy for integrated pest management of fall armyworm in pasturelands in a regional context.

Métodos utilizados para determinação dos constituintes da fração fibrosa, uma revisão

A estimativa da composição quimíco-bromatológica dos alimentos envolve uma série de estudos que avaliam principalmente a fração fibrosa, uma vez que apresenta grande variabilidade quando comparada aos demais componentes. O crescente número de publicações sobre as técnicas analíticas disponiveís para a determinação do valor nutritivo dos alimentos acabam generalizando o uso de termos mal definidos. Existem diversas técnicas de avaliação dos componentes da forragem, sendo o sistema de detergente o mais utilizado, embora existam métodos mais modernos. Contudo, a acessibilidade e os custos destes métodos modermos são fatores que limitam o uso dos mesmos em diversos laboratórios. Ademais, alguns destes métodos não são reconhecidos como método oficial de análise. Nexte contexto, os objetivos desta revisão foram: evidenciar os conceitos mais importantes na determinação do valor nutrivo dos alimentos; melhorar o uso e as dificuldades de interpretação dos resultados analíticos. Concluiu-se que o uso dos métodos analíticos permite estimar a composição e a disponibilidade das diferentes frações da parede celular. Mas variabilidade dos constituintes da parede celular exige conhecimento das diferentes metodologias analíticas disponíveis. Os métodos analíticos, tradicionais ou alternativos, ainda são empíricos visto que apresentam resultados distintos para uma mesma análise. Essas variações são geradas na maioria das vezes pelas diferenças entre as etapas dos procedimentos analíticos. Fica claro que o aperfeiçoamento dos métodos analíticos é de suma importante para estimativa do valor nutritivo dos alimentos.

Rendimiento productivo de la recría de las hembras Nellore con diferentes tipos de suplementación

The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance of Nellore females in the rebuilds, receiving protein mineral supplementation, and energetic protein in the pasture of Urucloa Brizantha cv Marandu in the transition period-drought and its implication on the Weight gain of the animals. The study was carried out at the relic Farm, located in the municipality of Ribas do Rio Pardo – MS, Brazil, using 81 experimental days. We used 60 Nellore heifers, Nuliparas, divided into two batches of 30 animals, each lot per picket, in continuous grazing, with average body weight (BW) of 304 ± 82 kg and age of 18 months for weight gain evaluation. The animals received 2 nutritional strategies: Protein mineral Supplement (SMP) in the proportion of 72 g/animal/day (0.02% of PV), and Energy protein Supplement (SPE) 271.6 g/animal/day (0.08% of PV). Pasture samples were collected every 20 days in the experimental areas to determine the DM/ha availability of pasture, and to evaluate the chemical-bromatologic composition. The productive performance of the animals showed difference (P &gt; 0.05) in the final body weight, total weight gain and average daily gain, for the 81 days of the experiment, and the performance of the protein mineral was higher than the energetic protein. The forage mass observed in Marandu grass pasture during the experiment was 2077.5 kg, 1305.0 kg, 800.0 kg and 597.5 kg of DM/ago in the months March, April, May and June, respectively. The group of animals of the treatment with protein mineral supplement presented final body weight of 328.27 kg, total weight gain of 24, 96kg, Average daily gain of 0.308 kg/animal/day and the energetic protein supplement of 325.27 kg, 19.48 kg, and 0.240 kg/day, respectively. Protein mineral supplementation was superior to the treatment with energetic protein in relation to the final body weight of the animals evaluated.

RESPONSE OF FORAGE SORGHUM TO WATER AVAILABILITY IN A TYPIC QUARTZIPSAMMENT

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to determine the factors of soil water availability (FSWA) that result in the highest agronomic performance of irrigated forage sorghum, with no changes in the plants' chemical-bromatological composition. The experiment was conducted at the Montes Claros State University, Janaúba campus, MG, Brazil, in a Typic Quartzipsamment (Neossolo Flúvico Psamítico - Embrapa) with 59 mm of soil water storage capacity in the 0.0-0.3 m layer, under drip irrigation. A randomized block design with four replications and a split-plot arrangement was used, consisting of five FSWA (f0.2 = 0.20; f0.35 = 0.35; f0.5 = 0.50; f0.65 = 0.65, and f0.8 = 0.80) in the plots and two simple forage sorghum hybrids (Volumax® and BRS-655) in the split-plots. The evaluations were based on fortnightly measurements of plant height, plant transversal diameter, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, relative chlorophyll content, stem diameter, panicle length, dry matter yield, water use efficiency, crude protein, mineral matter, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and lignin. The FSWA of 0.20 and 0.35 increased dry matter yield and plant height of the two evaluated sorghum hybrids. The Volumax hybrid presented more crude protein content and acid detergent fiber. The evaluated FSWA did not change the chemical-bromatological composition of the sorghum hybrids.

Influence of increased doses of detoxified castor bean meal on chemical composition and characteristics of sugarcane silage

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) ensilage presents serious limitations due to the conversion of soluble carbohydrates into ethanol, thus, it is necessary to use additives that reduce losses of DM during the ensilage process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of detoxified castor-bean (Ricinus communis L.) meal (DCBM) on the nutritive value, fermentation pattern, stability and losses of sugarcane silages. Twenty mini-silos with sugarcane and five different concentrations of DCBM (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg-1 fresh matter) were prepared in a completely randomized design with five replicates per treatment. After 60 d, silage was sampled to determine chemical-bromatological composition, fractionation of carbohydrates and protein content, ammoniacal N (N-NH3) and losses through gases and effluents. The addition of DCBM increased (P < 0.05) DM content, crude protein, fraction A + B1 of the total carbohydrates. However, it reduced (P < 0.05) the levels of neutral and acid detergent insoluble fiber, fraction B1 + B2 of total N and N-NH3. The addition of DCBM reduced the losses of total DM but decreased silages aerobic stability. The addition of 150 g kg-1 DBCM improved the nutritional value, fermentation pattern and reduced losses of sugarcane silages.

&lt;b&gt;Chemical-bromatological composition and in vitro ruminal kinetics of sugar cane silage with maniçoba

The objective this study was to evaluate the effect of maniçoba supplementation in sugar cane silage with respect to chemical-bromatological composition and the in vitro degradation kinetics of the silage. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (maniçoba levels: 0, 20, 30, and 40%) and six repetitions. Silage samples were analyzed for their chemical-bromatological composition, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, total digestible nutrients, in vitro gas production and degradability parameters. The silage with higher inclusion level had better bromatological composition (p &lt; 0.05) than the silage without maniçoba for CP, NDF, ADF and MM (6.49, 56.64, 38.66 and 4.52% versus 2.21, 70.96, 49.95 and 2.78%). Higher ME content (2.35 MJ kg-1 MS versus 1.85 MJ kg-1 MS), DE (2.87 Mcal kg-1 MS versus 2.25 Mcal kg-1 MS) and TDN (65.16% versus 51.11%), respectively. The highest values for gas production were also observed in silage with added maniçoba due to higher NFC content (34.87%). With an increase in the proportion of maniçoba, there was an increase in the soluble a fraction, b fraction, and thus a higher effective degradability of dry matter (46.56%). The addition of maniçoba improves the nutritive value of sugarcane silage.