Chemical Accidents Research Articles

Structural Elements and Requirements in Forming Prehospital Health Response Teams in Response to Chemical, Biological, Radiation, and Nuclear Incidents (CBRN), a Comparative Review Study.

One of the important indicators of increasing the capacity of the health system and the chances of survival of patients and injured immediately after chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear (CBRN) accidents is rapid access to medical services. Establishing prehospital health response teams is one of the main strategies to improve the capacity and ability to respond to unusual events. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the formation of rapid response teams in the field of health in response to chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear accidents (CBRN EDMRT). In this study, the comparative review method was used. The study period was from November 1, 2021 to March 2022. Forming and deploying rapid health response teams based on an extensive multi-step search and keywords in multiple databases such as PubMed, CINHAL, Blackwell, Iranmedex, SID, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Google Scholar, Scopus Also, the websites of the Ministry of Health and the responsible organizations in different countries and the proposed structure were done by international institutions and sites. After accessing the resources and documents, the process of analysis and comparison of different team structures was performed. After the initial search, the structure and required elements of their teams were extracted. According to published articles and texts, 10 teams from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the US Department of Homeland Security, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Australia, the British Public Health Organization, and the Japanese Red Cross were compared. Team requirements, population distribution, type of accident, level of team activity and training, equipment required by the team after the accident, according to which, each country/organization should consider the above factors to design and establish the structure of CBRN EDMRT to take. A study should be conducted to design a comprehensive and evidence-based structure.

An emergency rescue analysis of a hazardous chemical deflagration accident

The hazardous chemical explosion and combustion accidents have the characteristics of wide scope, high risk, complex situation, and difficult to deal with. After the occurrence of accidents, timely, accurate, and efficient response is an urgent need to protect the safety of people's lives and property. This article takes a hazardous chemical deflagration accident in North China in 2020 as an example. It conducts research from three aspects, including the basic situation of the case, the handling of the explosion accident, the successful experience of handling of the explosion accident. The rapid response and efficient disposal methods of accidents, the enhancement of disaster prevention and disaster relief capabilities, and the formation of a long-term mechanism to ensure the safety of people's lives and property are expounded in this article, in order to provide a reference for similar accident management.

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ И ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ СЛУЖБЫ ПРИ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИИ ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫХ СИТУАЦИЙ НА ОПАСНЫХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫХ ОБЪЕКТАХ

The article presents the tasks of the medical service, carried out in order to plan and organize measures to protect personnel from exposure to hazardous chemicals in the event of emergencies at chemically hazardous industrial facilities, and to eliminate the consequences of such accidents. A brief description of the methods for predicting the consequences of a chemical accident is given, sources for obtaining information about hazardous production facilities are identified.

중·소화학업체 종사자의 화학사고 대응역량 조사 연구

The purpose of this study is to investigate the individual-level chemical accident response competency through a chemical accident response competency survey of small and medium-sized chemical companies using the developed chemical accident response competency application model. A total of 141 chemical company workers were surveyed and analyzed for results, and the average was 3.18, which was a normal level. For each item, the knowledge competency component(K.C.C.) was 3.23, and the skill competency component(S.C.C.) was 3.45, which was a normal level, but the Ability competency component(A.C.C.) was 2.87, which was measured at an insufficient level. First of all, it is necessary to provide appropriate safety education to prepare for chemical accidents. In addition, it is necessary to improve technologies competency such as handling safety equipment and operating initial response equipment to prepare for chemical accidents. In particular, the level of capability component (A.C.C) should be improved through specialized training for chemical accident response, training for handling response equipment, and safety inspection.

소방대원 『화학사고 현장대응 가이드북』 개발 및 적용

In this paper, we would like to introduce the National Fire Agency(NFA) 『Chemical Incident Response Guide(CIRG-FF)』, a guidebook for responding to special chemical disasters in Korea. In the case of chemical disaster-related guidelines provided by other organizations, information is provided to workers and the public as well as responders to disasters. For this reason, it is somewhat difficult for firefighters to use them. CIRG-FF is composed of response information on historical substances(138 types) of large and small scale chemical accidents that have occurred in Korea over the past 7 years(2014-2020). And, it is composed and produced with a focus on firefighters so that rapid and efficient chemical disaster response can be safely performed, and information such as safety technology for field activities is included. Furthermore, in order to increase the utilization of CIRG-FF, the

Comparative Analysis of Safety Management Systems in Large and Small Scale Textile Industries of Pakistan

In order to avert a chemical accident that could result in tragic consequences, environmental contamination risk analysis and risk management in the textile business are essential. Further, in order to avert a chemical disaster that could have horrific consequences, environmental contamination risk analysis and risk management are very essential in the textile sector. When it comes to economics and employment, the textile industry is a significant contributor in many countries. Despite making significant economic contributions, both small and large-scale textile businesses have a negative impact on the environment. Textile manufacturing processes require a lot of water, energy, and other chemicals, all of which produce waste or by-products that must be disposed of. The direct discharge of untreated effluents into nearby water bodies is the biggest problem with water utilisation. Pollutants include not only water bodies but also other substances like strong odours, gas emissions, etc. At the same time, maintaining output level is essential. This article assesses the steps taken to reduce water and air pollution in the textile industry. The prior study's data on occupational diseases and injuries from 2010 to 2020 was compiled from reports of workplace mishaps in establishments covered by the 1934 Factories Act. There are some suggestions for improving Pakistan's culture of health and safety as well as explanations of the reasons of these illnesses and injuries in each of the industries. The employees of two of Pakistan's largest textile manufacturing facilities provided the data for this study. To acquire data, a simple random sampling procedure was used. By comparing the differences in educational attainment, accident causes, and population density between rural and urban locations, correlations can be formed. Both companies' health and safety management systems were found to be unsatisfactory. The health and safety management systems of both businesses must be improved.

Role of Green Chemistry in Organic Synthesis and Protection of Environment

Abstract: Nowadays green chemistry plays a vital role in organic chemistry. It minimizes the effect and use of hazardous substances on the environment and human health. The main goal of green chemistry is to use of green solvents (PEG, water, acetone, alcohol) eliminate the toxicity, uses of small quantity of catalyst and minimize the potential for chemical accident during work. Green chemistry is one type of chemistry where main focus is to eliminate or minimize the hazards by applying suitable process and raw materials. So it is more effective to pharmacists or chemists for avoiding this bad impact on human health, environment. Green chemistry also known as sustainable chemistry. Green chemistry is always interesting matter to pharmacists as well as chemists for synthesis pharmaceutical products. Green chemistry brings a new path for synthesizing safer chemical products. For manufacturing pharmaceutical products by using green chemistry, there have many criteria or methods that should be followed for synthesis chemical products during manufacturing condition. Some of these are prevention waste, Atom economy, less hazardous chemical syntheses, designing safer chemicals, safer solvents, design for more energy efficient chemical, use of renewable feed stocks, reduce derivatives in any compounds, catalysis, design for degradation, real time analysis for pollution prevention, inherently safer for accident prevention, etc. These methods should be considerable before synthesized chemical products by applying green chemistry for eliminating or minimizing hazardous in chemical products during synthesis.

Entity Recognition for Chinese Hazardous Chemical Accident Data Based on Rules and a Pre-Trained Model

Due to the fragile physicochemical properties of hazardous chemicals, the chances of leakage and explosion during production, transportation, and storage are quite high. In recent years, hazardous chemical accidents have occurred frequently, posing a great threat to people’s lives and property. Hence, it is crucial to analyze hazardous chemical accidents and establish corresponding warning mechanisms and safeguard measures. At present, most hazardous-chemical-accident data exist in text format. However, named entity recognition (NER), as a method to extract useful information from text data, has not been fully utilized in the field of Chinese hazardous-chemical handling. The challenge is that Chinese NER is more difficult than English NER, because the boundaries of Chinese are fuzzy. In addition, the descriptions of hazardous chemical accidents are colloquial and lacks relevant labeling data. Further, most current models do not consider identifying the entities related to accident scenarios, losses, and causes. To tackle these issues, we propose a model based on a rule template and Bert-BiLSTM-CRF (RT-BBC) to recognize named entities from unstructured Chinese hazardous chemical accident reports. Comprehensive experiments on real-world datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Specifically, RT-BBC outperformed the most competitive method by 6.6% and 3.6% in terms of accuracy and F1.

SSD SmartRisk, a decision support system to help non-expert decision makers in case of chemical accidents

Chemicals may generate accidents that can affect workers as well the general population and the environment. Decision making in such circumstances might be very difficult, especially for small and medium (SME) enterprises that do not have their own experts. A decision support system – SSD SmartRisk- was developed by the authors, to help in such situations. SSD SmartRisk may be used as a roadmap with links to reliable and relevant sources of information and tools or by employing commercially available decision support software. The exemplification presented here refers to chemical hazards, but the system may be adapted for other types of risks. The system combines hazards and quantity of chemicals to make a preliminary ranking of the overall facility risk. It then recommends risk-related measures and provides indications and links to existing tools that help put the measures into practice. The SME for which SmartRisk was made appreciated its support in making decision of its own or when collaborating with external experts or suppliers.

Allocation of Resources for Emergency Response to Coal-to-Oil Hazardous Chemical Accidents under Railway Transportation Mode

Railways of the National Energy Group using their own trains have become an important mode of transportation for coal-to-oil hazardous chemicals. Under the circumstances of the shortage of emergency resources and the coupling of multiple disasters, how to establish an effective and reasonable emergency resource allocation scheme for the railway transportation of dangerous chemicals from a disaster site is of great significance to the national task of ensuring safety for the transportation of energy. This paper focuses on the allocation of emergency rescue resources for railway transportation accidents involving coal-to-oil hazardous chemicals, considering the scenarios of the leakage of coal-to-oil, railway line damage, etc. According to the number of trapped people at the initial moment, the disaster situation and accident type, affected areas, etc., a multi-objective optimization model with the shortest response time of the emergency team and the lowest cost of transporting emergency materials along the railway transportation channel of coal-to-oil hazardous chemicals is constructed, based on the calculation method using the initial weight and the emergency weight assigned by the emergency rescue team. Furthermore, in order to avoid the problem of the weight of the local accident points being too small to participate in a rescue, a bee colony algorithm model based on pre-allocation was designed and compared with two traditional algorithms, allowing the realization of the search and selection of allocation methods. The analysis of the examples shows that the proposed method is efficient and fast, and the research results are practical and feasible, which can provide a scientific basis for the rapid decision of emergency rescue resource allocation in multi-disaster scenarios for large energy groups, and provide a reference for the allocation of public security emergency resources in the national emergency response.

The use of diffusion chambers in embryotoxic research

Introduction. Currently, there are no standard methodological approaches that allow assessing the danger to human and animal reproduction of poorly soluble chemicals (industrial waste, products of destruction of organic substances, polymer materials), including substances that form complex poorly soluble systems with environmental objects. It may be impossible or ineffective to use standard routes of administration of such substances and complexes to assess their reproductive hazard. An attempt to find an experimental model for conducting toxicological and embryotoxicological studies that allow assessing the danger of prolonged interaction of poorly soluble compounds directly with tissue fluids was the main aim of the work. The study aims to investigate the possibility of using diffusion chambers to assess the reproductive hazard of poorly soluble chemicals. Material and methods. In experiments with chemicals, the researchers placed samples of dry preparations in the inner cavity of one of the rings. Experts sealed the ring on both sides with millipore membranes. The diffusion chambers obtained in this way were implanted into the abdominal cavity or under the skin in the cervical region of female rats during the most sensitive days of pregnancy to pathogenic effects. Results. When implanting diffusion chambers to animals, the possibility of assessing the embryotoxic properties of poorly soluble chemicals, such as bitumen-salt masses, polymer materials and coatings, etc., as well as soil contamination with substances potentially dangerous to the reproductive function of humans and animals is shown. With the help of diffusion chambers, experts assessed the embryotoxic activity of known dysmorphogens, cyclophosphamide, cadmium sulfate, as well as a number of polymer materials (di-paraxilylene film, acrylic acid copolymer, silloxane rubber), Scientists assessed soil contamination with a known insecticide and acaricide - endosulfan. Limitations. In the work, the experts used diffusion chambers with a volume of 400, 900 or 3000 m3. Conclusion. As a result of the experiments conducted, scientists determined that the presented method can be used to assess the reproductive hazard of poorly soluble chemicals (products of destruction of organic matter, polymer and endoprosthesis materials), when assessing the risk of prolonged presence of foreign bodies in tissues, when assessing soil contamination in places of chemical accidents, rocket crashes, storage and destruction of chemical weapons. Ethics. The study was carried out in compliance with the rules of bioethics approved by the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrates Used for Experimental and Other Purposes (Protocol No. 4 of 8.11. 2022).

Characteristics and Statistical Analysis of Large and above Hazardous Chemical Accidents in China from 2000 to 2020

To investigate the occurrence and development pattern of large-scale hazardous chemicals emergencies, a statistical analysis of 195 large and above accidents of hazardous chemicals in China during 2000-2020 was conducted. A general description of the characteristics of larger and above accidents based on statistical data was analyzed, and then the system risk of the hazardous chemical industry was calculated and evaluated by the entropy weight method and the TOPSIS method comprehensively. Results show that: (1) The geographical distribution of large and above hazardous chemical accidents (LAHCA) varies significantly; (2) The high-temperature season has high probabilities of having large and above accidents; (3) Human factors and management factors are the main causes of LAHCA; (4) During the period from 2000 to 2020, due to the rapid development of the chemical industry, the overall risk of accidents involving hazardous chemicals were upswing accompanied by volatility, and the risk of serious accidents remains high. The development history of safety regulations in China's hazardous chemical sector and the industry's projected course for future growth were then discussed. Finally, based on the findings of the aforementioned statistics and research, specific recommendations were provided for the safety management of the hazardous chemical sector. This study expects to provide a practical and effective reference for the construction of safety management as well as accident prevention in the hazardous chemical industry.

Comparative study on numerical simulation based on CALPUFF and wind tunnel simulation of hazardous chemical leakage accidents

CALPUFF, as a Lagrangian puff modeling system, is mostly used in the field of atmospheric environment research and risk assessment. CALPUFF performs well for short-term and short-range release scenarios over complex terrain, as well as long-term and long-range transportation. Therefore, this article uses the CALPUFF model to simulate a toxic gas leakage accident in a hazardous chemical plant in an urban area, focusing on the influence of local buildings. Wind tunnel experiments are performed in accordance with the CALPUFF experiments to assess the model’s accuracy in cases of chemical leakage accidents. The results of the wind tunnel experiment are superimposed on the map of CALPUFF calculation, and the quantitative analysis is also performed. The comparative results show that the simulation results of the CALPUFF are mainly affected by factors such as wind direction, wind speed, and the complexity of the surface environment. With less influence of buildings, such as the south and north wind, the CALPUFF simulation is consistent with the wind tunnel experiment, having a correlation coefficient of over 0.7 in most cases, while under the east wind, the consistency is significantly lower due to the influence of buildings. In addition, it is found that the wind tunnel experiment is more accurate in the near field of the pollution source, while CALPUFF is more suitable for simulating the overall trend of gas dispersion. The comparison and evaluation of the capabilities of different methods on gas dispersion simulation are helpful in guiding the emergency response during hazardous chemical leakage accidents.

Emergency shutdowns of propylene production plants: Root cause analysis and availability modeling

Unplanned shutdown events in chemical process plants cause revenue losses due to production curtailments, repair costs, and harmful environmental and safety effects on plant personnel and the surrounding community. Several recent studies have used news articles and databases to perform statistical analyses and modeling of the causes and consequences of chemical process accidents, but these studies do not analyze the operating deviations that led to shutdowns. This work structures narratives about unplanned shutdown events into data, analyzes the causes of those events, and uses the collected data to model the failure probability of process plants. A case study comparing two propylene production technologies, steam cracking and propane dehydrogenation is developed. We use a set of 118 shutdown events reported in four sources across a five-year span for 7 propylene production plants. Using this data, the three leading causes for unplanned shutdowns in both propylene production technologies were determined to be: equipment trips/shutdowns, utility supply interruptions, and weather-related events. A power law process (PLP) for data from multiple repairable systems is used to model the failure behavior for both technologies. For the data collected, this procedure indicated an increasing failure intensity function for both technologies, with propane dehydrogenation increasing more significantly. In addition, both maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) and confidence intervals for the PLP parameters are presented. Since these are repairable systems, an estimated inherent availability is determined for both technologies. Finally, recommendations that address how to reduce the occurrence of these events and mitigate their consequences are discussed.

Газоподібний хлор: молекулярні механізми токсичності, клінічні прояви, діагностичні біомаркери та сучасна лікувальна стратегія

The hostilities on the territory of our state are accompanied by the destruction of the infrastructure of cities and industrial enterprises, which critically increased the risk of toxic gas emissions (including chlorine) and the occurrence of mass poisoning. Aim. To summarize modern knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of chlorine gas toxicity, clinical biomarkers of the toxic process, and modern treatment strategy. Material and Methods. Information data of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the State Emergency Service of Ukraine (SES of Ukraine), the American Health Service (CDC), the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC), materials of scientific libraries PubMed, Medline, Elsevier. Content analysis, systematic and comparative analysis were used. Results and their Discussion. Chemical accidents with the release of chlorine and the occurrence of mass poisonings are registered in various countries. Until now, the mechanisms of the toxic action of chlorine remain completely unstudied, especially at the level of intracellular structures. The results of recent studies demonstrate that irritant and irritant-necrotic effects are not directly caused by chlorine molecules, but by their hydration products – hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids. These acids directly provide a high production of reactive superoxides and nitrogen oxidants, which form oxidative stress in the epithelial cells of the mucous membrane of the bronchopulmonary structure in deeper tissues. The destruction of the cells of the ciliated epithelium occurs, the functioning of ion channels is disturbed and the permeability of cell membranes increases, inflammatory reactions develop: hyperemia, edema, bronchospasm, and surfactant destruction. These processes are facilitated by a massive release of biologically active substances – proinflammatory cytokines – IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, nuclear factor (NF-KB), 8-isoprostane and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-β) – one of the main biomarkers of oxidative stress. These processes cause: damage to intracellular structures – mitochondria; imbalance in the functioning of the signaling molecule cAMP and disruption of autophagy processes; a decrease in the energy potential of cells with the development of endothelial dysfunction, a violation of the vascular mechanisms of NO homeostasis, both in the cells of the respiratory tract and outside the lungs, which contributes to anatomical damage and impaired function of the organs of the cardiovascular system and kidneys. Conclusion. The mechanism of the toxic action of chlorine at the level of intracellular structures undoubtedly requires further study. Another relevant direction of research may be the search for new sensitive biomarkers of the toxic process, which will allow us to objectively assess the severity of poisoning and increase the effectiveness of the rather complex process of treating patients, in the absence of antidotes. Key Words: chlorine gas, toxicity, mechanism of action, acute poisoning, treatment of poisoning.

A dynamic individual risk management method considering spatial and temporal synergistic effect of toxic substance leakage and fire accidents

Actual chemical industrial park accidents usually involve multi-hazard accidents. Synergistic effect of accidents could lead to serious casualties. In order to reduce the individual risk of accidents, this work proposes a method for managing the dynamic individual risk when toxic substance leakage and fire accidents occur concurrently, in which spatial and temporal synergistic effect of above two accidents is considered. The synergistic effect may reduce individual escape ability, and is modeled by quantifying the relationship between escape ability and toxic substance dose. In addition, the method analyzes dynamic individual risk of a person receiving the thermal radiation dose and toxic substance dose when escaping along a certain route. The casualty degree is described by the injury degree based on dose thresholds and the total fatality probability based on Probit model. Combined with the accident scenario, the critical safety escape distance is obtained. The model is proposed to plan the individual escape route based on the risk assessment results. The critical values of toxic substance concentration and thermal radiation intensity are defined as the basis for planning alternative escape routes. Finally, the optimal escape route is obtained according to the total fatality probability of each route. The range of safe escape direction can be used when wind direction information is inaccurate. A case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method and risk management strategy.

Modelling of Accidental Impacts of Hazardous Chemical Substances in the Czech Republic

The issue of major chemical accidents in the Czech Republic is first mentioned from a historical point of view. The following are the main hazardous impacts of chemical accidents. The next part is a comparison of the accidental impacts of major emergencies, such as toxic leakage, explosion and fire, even with examples of several typical chemical substances. Some factors of the main hazardous chemicals with a focus on toxic substances are discussed in detail. The modelling of accident impacts is presented in the next section on a detailed comparison of the accident impacts of nine main industrial chemical toxicants. The article also draws attention to the serious danger of the possible misuse of toxic substances in particular for hostile acts of chemical terrorism.

The use of environmental decision support systems for modeling of atmospheric pollution following the chemical accidents

We studied the possibility of the combined application of screening models to assess the characteristics of sources in accidents at storage facilities for hazardous substances with complex models of atmospheric transport as part of modern decision support systems to calculate air pollution in a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. The evaporation time following an emergency spill, estimated by screening models, is used to set the emission intensity and calculate the atmospheric transport by the RODOS nuclear emergency response system. For the accident in Chernihiv on March 23, 2022, it was estimated that the maximum permissible concentration of ammonia 0.2 mg/m3 was exceeded at distances up to 75 km from the source. The dependence of the calculated maximum concentrations on time is close to asymptote cmax ~ t-4.5 up to 15 h after emission, which is consistent with the asymptote σ ~ t3/2 for the time dependence of the sizes of puffs following turbulent dispersion of instantaneous releases.

Comparison of the theoretical elements and application characteristics of STAMP, FRAM, and 24Model: A major hazardous chemical explosion accident

Owing to the flammable, explosive, and toxic characteristics of hazardous chemicals, chemical accidents always result in significant losses. Analysis of the parameters of process safety is an effective way to prevent hazardous chemical accidents and reduce losses. To promote the application of systemic accident models in practice, in this study, we clarify the theoretical elements of such models based on the development of system thinking and system science. Then, we discuss the characteristics of a new systemic model called 24Model and its systems thinking. We explore the differences in the practical application of different systemic models (System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP), Functional Resonance Accident Model (FRAM), and 24Model by analyzing a major hazardous chemical explosion accident that occurred in Tianjiayi Chemical Co., Ltd. in China. The results show that the elements of the systemic accident model are the system structure, component relationship, and dynamic behaviors. 24Model is proven to be a new systemic accident model developed by utilizing sequential models. The comparative results of the three analysis methods show that FRAM is suitable for accident prediction rather than accident analysis. STAMP and 24Model perform better in terms of the usability and reliability of accident analysis. Although STAMP fails to elaborately indicate the internal organizational causes of the accident, it is suitable for a small number of accidents in socio-technical systems. 24Model is a structured method for accident analysis and safety management frame of organization. With the classified accident causes and fewer training resources, it is more suitable for a number of accidents statistics and analysis. Finally, a universal frame to prevent hazardous chemical accidents is provided for companies and regulators.

Analysis and assessment of the risk of accidentsat the chlorine storage facility

The article analyzes and assesses the risk of accidents at a water treatment facility — a chlorine storage warehouse. A "typical chlorine storage warehouse" with the characteristics most common at water treatment facilities is considered. The authors present the distribution of hazardous substances in the chlorine warehouse by the elements of the facility. The main causes of the accident at the facility are considered, all the causes are divided into two groups: occupational and non-occupational. The factors contributing to the occurrence of negative events have been identified. The types of possible accidents in the chlorine warehouse are considered. A brief description of the scenarios of the most likely accidents is presented. The most probable zones of action of damaging factors depending on weather conditions are revealed. The sizes of contaminated zones (area and depth) with lethal toxodose and with threshold toxodose for different scenarios of the most probable accidents under different weather conditions are determined. Data on the size of the probable zones of action of damaging factors for the considered accident scenarios, determined according to the calculation model presented in the "Methodology for assessing the consequences of chemical accidents" (the "Toxi" methodology). Possible accidents are dangerous both for the working shift and the maintenance staff of the chlorine warehouse, and for the technical staff personnel of third-party enterprises and organizations, as well as for the public. Information about possible health damage from accidents is provided. The analysis and assessment of the risk of accidents based on data on the indicators of the risk of harm to employees and other individuals were carried out. Data on the composition of affected workers and other individuals in the chlorine warehouse for different accident scenarios and different weather conditions are presented