Comparison of the theoretical elements and application characteristics of STAMP, FRAM, and 24Model: A major hazardous chemical explosion accident

Nowadays, different accident causation models are used to explain how accidents happen, whereas most of them were developed long time ago. There is an argument that significant changes have occurred in the industry and traditional models may have limitations in identifying causes of accidents in modern industry within complex socio‐technical environment. Consequently, new accident models based on systems theory have been introduced, but they are mainly used by academic researchers. Among systemic accident models, Systems‐Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP), Functional Resonance Accident Model (FRAM), and AcciMap methods have been identified as the most frequently cited models.This article presents a case study‐based comparison of these three models. STAMP and FRAM are used to analyze the Chevron Richmond refinery accident, which is investigated by U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB). CSB investigation team developed an AcciMap of the accident.The results are compared and differences are discussed. In conclusion, STAMP is likely to be more instrumental and comprehensive in identifying contributing factors and generating recommendations. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 38: e12002, 2019

Application of systems thinking accident analysis methods: A review for railways

A novel methodology to measure safety level of a process plant using a system theory based method (STAMP)

The ‘8.12’ Tianjin Port fire and explosion are an extraordinarily major accident that involved hazardous chemicals, resulting in 165 fatalities, 798 injuries, and a direct economic loss of 6.866 billion yuan. This study introduced causal analysis based on systems theoretic accident model and process (STAMP) (CAST) to identify the key controllers in the control structure, and the control and feedback relationships among them. By using CAST, this study not only identified the traditional human and organizational factors within the physical company which are responsible for the operation process, but also identified the outside factors within the public political structure which are responsible for the public safety and security. In this study, the safety and security of hazardous chemical accident are integrated into a unified framework in which the key difference between safety and security in the intention of the actors is reframed as a general loss prevention problem. This study shows the applicability of the CAST approach in the analysis of hazardous chemical accidents and provides different perspectives and methods to develop safety and security interventions in a hazardous chemical accident.

Systemic approaches to incident analysis in aviation: Comparison of STAMP, agent-based modelling and institutions

A new accident causation theory based on systems thinking and its systemic accident analysis method of work systems

The role of traditional analysis methods in improving complex socio-technical system safety has reached a ceiling, and thus systems theory has been utilised to support the investigations and countermeasures for road traffic accidents. As two widely applied systems accident analysis models, STAMP (systems theoretic accident model and process) and HFACS (human factors analysis and classification system) have their own advantages in accident analysis and safety improvement. Therefore, this study develops a new hybrid systems method integrating STAMP and HFACS for road traffic accident (SH-RTA), which can adopt HFACS to enhance the identification and analysis ability of STAMP for human factors and employ control concepts and elements of STAMP to cement the characteristic of HFACS. To illustrate the applicability of the hybrid method, a case study of ‘9·22’ major road traffic accident in China is thoroughly analysed. Finally, preventive countermeasures and suggestions are presented. Practitioner Summary: This paper proposes a new hybrid systems method integrating STAMP and HFACS for road traffic accident. The new method reveals dysfunctional interactions within the parallel level and across levels, and identifies additional human and organisational factors. The recommendations for preventing road traffic accident are provided from higher levels of system.

Systems theoretic accident model and process (STAMP): A literature review

Automated inspection method for an STAMP/STPA - Fallen Barrier Trap at Railroad Crossing -

Exploring human factors of major chemical accidents in China: Evidence from 160 accidents during 2011–2022

Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) approach to analyse socio-technical systems of ship allision in narrow waters

Over the last several years, the US Coast Guard (CG) experienced an unusually high number of major aviation accidents. Following each major accident, the CG conducted mishap analysis board (MAB) – investigations based on the Swiss Cheese accident causality model. However, these investigations were not able to identify common contributing factors that may be causing systemic failures within the CG aviation system. This paper applies the Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) model to one of the CGs major aviation mishaps in order to more fully examine the CGs aviation system for potential systemic sources of safety hazards. This analysis identified enhancements to CG aviation system controls that were not expressly identified by MABs. It demonstrates that STAMP is a more effective model than the Swiss Cheese model in determining accident causality.

Major hazardous chemical accidents have unconventional characteristics such as sudden destruction, complexity of evolution, and unpredictability. The traditional ‘prediction response’ decision-making model is difficult to effectively deal with, so it is urgent to change to the ‘scenario response’ emergency mode. Based on the theory of scenario analysis and structural description, this paper constructs the scenario of the evolution process of hazardous chemical accidents from the logical structure dimension of ‘scenario state(s)-element attribute(I)-emergency response (R)’, and analyzes the dynamic causal relationship among the scenario elements. Secondly, based on the scenario construction, random Petri net are used according to the isomorphic relationship between stochastic Petri net and Markov chain, the stochastic Petri net model and equivalent Markov chain model of hazardous chemical disaster scenario evolution are constructed, and the stable state probability of the system is calculated. Finally, taking Qingdao ‘11·22’ oil pipeline leakage and explosion accident as an example, Markov chain and its related mathematical methods are used to carry out the case. This paper studies the development and evolution trend of hazardous chemical disasters and accidents, and analyzes the evolution and variation rules, so as to provide scientific support for the scenario response emergency decision-making of major hazardous chemical disasters.

The road tunnels safety is an emergent property of the whole tunnel system, thus, a systemic accident model can better conceptualize the risk picture in these infrastructures. In this paper, the Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) which has been recently proposed by Leveson is introduced in the road tunnels hazard analysis process through a case study example. (6 pages)

An urban pipeline accident model based on system engineering and game theory