Checking System Research Articles

BIM-based analysis of construction safety tracking using behavior-based safety in Bangladeshi construction industry

PurposeIn comparison to other industries, the construction industry is one of the most dangerous industries. Behavior-based safety (BBS) is a common and useful technique for risk indicator processing. Almost all studies are based on the BBS checklist, but very few of them focus on the increasing dangers faced by construction workers and the important factors that lead to accidents. This research represents a risk spatiotemporal analysis and visual tracking approach based on BBS and Building Information Modeling (BIM).Design/methodology/approachAfter the literature review, a BBS checklist was developed. Then a survey was conducted based on the BBS checklist and the temporal evolution of risks has been completed. After that, managing the risk with the automatic rule checking (ARC) system using BIM was conducted simultaneously to develop a framework by conducting a case study.FindingsBased on the grey clustering analysis, this work provides a temporal evolution analysis approach for dynamic analyzing BBS risk. According to the grey relational analysis (GRA) data, the main key factor of risk was the missing guardrail/handrail system. After that, a case study was performed and the system automatically warn in the preconstruction phase that the barrier is missing as the system benefits.Originality/valueA systematic framework has been provided for risk analysis through which high health and safety performance outcomes can be achieved on construction projects. This study will assist design engineers in addressing the potential danger to employees during the preconstruction stage and monitoring dynamic changes in risk on any construction site.

Preventing the most common firearm deaths: Modifiable factors related to firearm suicide

BackgroundMore than 20,000 firearm suicides occur every year in America. Firearm restrictive legislation, firearm access, demographics, behavior, access to care, and socioeconomic metrics have been correlated to firearm suicide rates. Research to date has largely evaluated these contributors singularly. We aimed to evaluate them together as they exist in society. We hypothesized that state firearm laws would be associated with reduced firearm suicide rates. MethodsWe acquired the 2013 to 2016 data for firearm suicide rates from The Centers for Disease Control Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research. Firearm laws were obtained from the State Firearms Law Database. Depression rates and access to care were obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics program. Population demographics, poverty, and access to social support were obtained from the American Community Survey. Firearm access estimates were retrieved from the National Instant Criminal Background Check System. We used a univariate panel linear regression with fixed effect for state and firearm suicide rates as the outcome. We created a final multivariable model to determine the adjusted associations of these factors with firearm suicide rates. ResultsIn univariate analysis, firearm access, heavy drinking behavior, demographics, and access to care correlated to increased firearm suicide rates. The state proportion identifying as white and the proportion of those in poverty receiving food benefits correlated to decreased firearm suicide rates. In multivariable regression, only heavy drinking (β, 0.290; 95% confidence interval, 0.092–0.481; P = .004) correlated to firearm suicides rates increases. ConclusionsDuring our study, few firearm laws changed. Heavy drinking behavior association with firearm suicide rates suggests an opportunity for interventions exists in the health care setting.

Transformer-based approach for automated context-aware IFC-regulation semantic information alignment

One of the main challenges of automated compliance checking systems is aligning the semantics of the building information models (BIMs), in Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) format, and the semantics of the regulations, in natural language, to allow for checking the compliance of the BIM with the regulations. Existing information alignment methods typically require intensive manual effort and their ability to deal with the complex regulatory concepts in the regulations is limited. To address this gap, this paper proposes a deep learning method for IFC-regulation semantic information alignment. The proposed method uses a relation classification model to relate and align the IFC and regulatory concepts. The method uses a transformer-based model and leverages the definitions of the concepts and an IFC knowledge graph to provide additional contextual information and knowledge for improved classification and alignment. The proposed method was evaluated on IFC concepts from IFC 4 and regulatory concepts from different building codes and standards. The experimental results showed good information alignment performance.

Analisis sistem antrian model G/G/1 pada fasilitas layanan kesehatan

Health care is one of the services that must maintain excellent service quality, particularly in terms of patient wait times, including for XYZ health care facilities. XYZ health care services include administration or registration, health check-ups, and drug collection. Queues of patients are frequently encountered during the outpatient service process at XYZ health facilities. These queues often occur when patients perform registration administration, allegedly because there is only one registration counter. This problem will certainly affect patient satisfaction because service waiting time is a health facility customer satisfaction indicator. This study aims to analyze the queuing system for administrative services and health checks using the queuing theory method to obtain a queuing model and queuing performance. The results of this study indicate that the XYZ health facility queuing model is G/G/1/FIFO/I/I with an arrival rate for each service stage of 13 and 11 patients per hour, respectively, with 11 and 13 patients. Steady-state conditions are not met in administrative services because the arrival rate is higher than the service level, so the performance of the queuing system can be analyzed only on health check services, with the result that the probability of service facilities experiencing idle is 0.12. The average number of patients in the queue is one patient per hour, and the average number of patients in the system is four people per hour, while the waiting time for health check services is 37.0820 minutes per patient. The average length of time is 37.0820 minutes per patient. Patients are in the health care system for 41.9714 minutes per patient.

Code Checking using BIM for Digital Building Permit: a case study in a Brazilian municipality

There is a growing interest from municipalities around the world in digitizing the building permit process using building information modeling (BIM) and geographic information system (GIS) for automated code checking. However, technical, political, and commercial barriers still prevent digitization from becoming a reality and being widely implemented and locally adapted. The main objective of this research is to analyse best practices and lessons learned by a Brazilian municipality for BIM-based electronic system implementation. The adopted methodology included a comprehensive literature review of existing international initiatives in America, Europe, and Asia. Data collection occurred in a case study in a Brazilian municipality implementing BIM to digitize the different types of existing permits. The results indicate the leading practices and lessons learned by the municipality in their internal stage for developing the automated code checking system and promoting changes in processes, policies, and organizational culture. The findings also highlight best practices and promising international experiences, a comparative analysis with the Brazilian municipal context. The main contribution of this study is to provide a greater understanding of the required practices and the BIM/GIS role in the digital building permit process. As a practical contribution, the experiences in the Brazilian context provide valuable inputs for the journey of smart cities.

In-Hospital Prescription Checking System for Hospitalized Patients with Decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate.

Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are reported to be useful in preventing dosage errors in renally excreted drugs by alerting hospital pharmacists to inadequate dosages for hospitalized patients with decreased GFR. However, it is unclear whether CDSS can reduce dosage errors in renally excreted drugs in hospitalized patients. To prevent dosage errors in renally excreted drugs, we introduced a prescription checking system (PCS) for in-hospital prescriptions. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate whether a prescription audit by hospital pharmacists using the PCS reduced the rate of dosage errors in renally excreted drugs. The target drugs were allopurinol, cibenzoline, famotidine, and pilsicainide. Interrupted time series analysis was used to evaluate trends in the 4-weekly dosage error rates over 52 weeks before PCS implementation and 52 weeks after PCS implementation. Before and after PCS implementation, 474 and 331 prescriptions containing one of the targeted drugs, respectively, were generated. The estimated baseline level of the 4-weekly dosage error rates was 34%. The trend before the PCS implementation was stable with no observable trend. The estimated level change from the last point in the pre-PCS implementation to the first point in the PCS implementation was -20% (P<0.001). There was no change in the trend after PCS implementation. We demonstrated that a prescription audit by hospital pharmacists using the PCS reduced the rate of dosage errors in the target renally excreted drugs in hospitalized patients. Although further studies are needed to confirm whether our results can be generalized to other health facilities, our findings highlight the need for a PCS to prevent the overdose of renally excreted drugs.

Implementation of an Automated Radiation Oncology Prescription Checking System, Revealing a Baseline Prescription Error Rate of at Least 0.2%

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> Radiation dose prescriptions serve as the radiation oncologist's (RO) treatment intent, containing vital information such as treatment technique, total dose, dose per fraction, and number of fractions. Despite serving as a critical communication tool, prescriptions are entered manually and prone to various forms of error. Human systems and traditional safety checks may not catch these, due to assumption of RO intent and deference to ROs. This can lead to significant wasted treatment planning resources and, if not ultimately caught, can lead to misadministration. In response to the potential for erroneous prescription entry, an automated prescription checking system was designed and implemented. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> Rules defining clinically appropriate prescriptions were generated, examining specific types of errors: 1) Approved dose per fraction. This was based on review of 14,487 prescriptions written in 2019-2020, divided into 17 disease sites, and manually curated by disease site experts for approved doses per fraction per site. 2) Dose per fraction too large for non-stereotactic treatment technique. 3) Dose per fraction too low (in dose painting prescriptions). With a goal of catching errors as far upstream as possible to minimize their propagation, a report was created and run every 30 minutes, checking all newly written prescriptions against the above rules. When prescriptions did not fall within the bounds of the rules, an automated email was sent to the prescriber alerting them of the atypical prescription and prompting them to check if it was written as intended. The rules were continuously analyzed in an attempt at balancing error detection against false positive alerts. <h3>Results</h3> From June-December 2021, 9,577 prescriptions were checked, and 70 email alerts were triggered, for an average alert rate of 0.7%. Of the 70 alerts, 60 (85.7%) were unapproved doses per fraction, 8 (11.4%) were doses too large for non-stereotactic treatment technique, and 2 (2.9%) were doses that were too low. The alert rate was 1.1% in June and trended down to 0.6% in December. Of the 70 alerts, 23 (32.9%) prescriptions were subsequently amended suggesting that the rate of erroneous prescription entry was 0.2% (23/9,577). <h3>Conclusion</h3> A baseline error rate of radiation oncology prescription entry has not been previously reported. This data suggests that the rate of erroneous prescription entry is at least 0.2%. Given the significant consequences of erroneous prescription entry, ranging from wasted resources and treatment delays (should these errors be caught prior to treatment), to potentially serious misadministration, there is significant value in implementing automated prescription checking systems in radiation oncology clinics.

The Link between Democratic Institutions and Population Health in the American States.

This project investigates the role of state-level institutions in explaining variation in population health in the American states. Although cross-national research has established the positive effects of democracy on population health, little attention has been given to subnational units. The authors leverage a new data set to understand how political accountability and a system of checks and balances are associated with state population health. The authors estimate error correction models and two-way fixed effects models to estimate how the strength of state-level democratic institutions is associated with infant mortality rates, life expectancy, and midlife mortality. The authors find institutions that promote political accountability are associated with lower infant mortality across the states, while those that promote checks and balances are associated with longer life expectancy. They also find that policy liberalism is associated with better health outcomes. Subnational institutions play an important role in population health outcomes, and more research is needed to understand the link between democracy and health. The authors are the first to explore the link between democratic institutions and population health within the United States, contributing to both the social science literature on the positive effects of democracy and the epidemiological literature on subnational health outcomes.

Correlates of recent overdose among people who inject drugs in the San Diego/Tijuana border region

BackgroundAlong the Mexico-US border, illicitly manufactured fentanyls (fentanyl) have been detected in other illicit drugs, including street opioid formulations known as ‘china white.’ We studied correlates of recent overdose among people who inject drugs (PWID), focusing on the risk of knowlingly or unknowingly using fentanyl in china white. MethodsFrom October 2020 - September, 2021 we surveyed participants in San Diego, California and Tijuana, Mexico and employed Poisson regression to identify correlates of recent overdose. ResultsOf 612 PWID, most were male (74.0 %), Latinx (71.9 %), US residents (67.0 %). Mean age was 43 years. In the last six months, 15.8 % experienced overdose, 31.0 % knowingly used fentanyl and 11.1 % used china white, of whom 77.9 % did not think it contained fentanyl. After controlling for sex and race, factors independently associated with risk of overdose included knowingly using fentanyl, using china white and not believing it contained fentanyl, recent drug rehabilitation, being stopped/arrested by police, and homelessness. Further, PWID who believed china white contained fentanyl were less likely to use it. ConclusionsBoth intentional fentanyl use and unintentional exposure to fentanyl via china white were associated with overdose risk; however, PWID who believed china white contained fentanyl were less likely to use it. These data suggest that advanced drug checking systems should be implemented to empower PWID to avoid dangerous street formulations or to plan their drug use knowing its contents. Other overdose risk factors such as decreased tolerance following drug treatment, police interactions, and homelessness also require urgent intervention.

Legal Firearm Sales at State Level and Rates of Violent Crime, Property Crime, and Homicides

IntroductionThe effects of firearm sales and legislation on crime and violence are intensely debated, with multiple studies yielding differing results. We hypothesized that increased lawful firearm sales would not be associated with the rates of crime and homicide when studied using a robust statistical method. MethodsNational and state rates of crime and homicide during 1999-2015 were obtained from the United States Department of Justice and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Instant Criminal Background Check System background checks were used as a surrogate for lawful firearm sales. A general multiple linear regression model using log event rates was used to assess the effect of firearm sales on crime and homicide rates. Additional modeling was then performed on a state basis using an autoregressive correlation structure with generalized estimating equation estimates for standard errors to adjust for the interdependence of variables year to year within a particular state. ResultsNationally, all crime rates except the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–designated firearm homicides decreased as firearm sales increased over the study period. Using a naive national model, increases in firearm sales were associated with significant decreases in multiple crime categories. However, a more robust analysis using generalized estimating equation estimates on state-level data demonstrated increases in firearms sales were not associated with changes in any crime variables examined. ConclusionsRobust analysis does not identify an association between increased lawful firearm sales and rates of crime or homicide. Based on this, it is unclear if efforts to limit lawful firearm sales would have any effect on rates of crime, homicide, or injuries from violence committed with firearms.

SHARIA-BASED MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING HOUSING SALES IN THE CITY OF TASIKMALAYA

Marketing strategy is an essential component of any business operation. Whether a business is successful depends on whether its marketing strategy is effective for its needs. Therefore, the selection of a marketing strategy requires precise calculations and analysis. According to the title observed, the method used in this study is a qualitative research method that generates descriptive data through observations, interviews, and documentaries. Cordova Living is a housing community that employs a sharia payment system, eliminating the BI checking system so that there are no interest, usury, confiscation, or fines. Based on the fact that Cordova Living was the pioneer of sharia-compliant housing in Tasikmalaya, the sharia marketing strategy is a great fit for marketing its products. As evidenced by the marketing mix, implementing sharia marketing strategies can increase sales figures and the selling value of Cordova Living housing. In terms of price (price) has advantages for consumers to negotiate because of the khiyar rights. In terms of products, transparency from start to finish, detailed explanations, and the freedom to bargain and negotiate can eliminate the element of fraud. The strategic place (location) close to the city center and education center provides added value for Cordova Living. The promotion (promotion) used by Cordova Living is friendly and applies 3S (senyum/smiles, salam/greetings, and sapa/greetings) and friendly service by applying Islamic rules.

AUTOMATED CHECKING SYSTEM FOR MODULAR BIM OBJECTS

With the increasing popularity of modular buildings, many manufacturers have made BIM objects for use by designers. However, these BIM objects must satisfy specific regulations and requirements, and their quality needs to be verified. In this study, the authors propose an automated checking system for modular BIM object quality verification. The system includes three parts, which are modular BIM object guideline, pre-checking module and automated code checking module. The modular BIM object quality verification system is proposed to be applied to government modular product certification site for checking the modular BIM objects. It is expected that the use of this automated checking system will make it possible to connect users and manufacturers to promote the circulation of modular building products, as well as provide designers with standardized modular BIM objects for design purposes.

Reversals of fortune: Shared governance, “democracy,” and reiterated problem-solving

What can the deep past tell us about how “good government” is instituted, replicated, and maintained through time? After a comparative look at late prehistoric political formation in Europe, a case study from Sweden is examined. During the Iron Age, systems of participatory governance developed across Europe, perhaps in response to the autocracies of the previous Bronze Age. Heterarchical structures with systems of checks and balances provided voice for ordinary people, as well as leaders, but there were clear “reversals of fortune,” as autocracy and more egalitarian structures were interspersed through time. The so-called “Long Iron Age” is consequently seen as an extended period of tension between different forms of government, different political ideologies, and the dynamic negotiation of socio-political norms, with repercussions that extend into recent times.

THE DOCTRINE OF «INHERENT POWERS»: CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL CHALLENGES VS. AN INTEGRAL LEGAL TRADITION? (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE US LEGAL SYSTEM)

The principle of separation of powers has always remained and still remains the most important legal mechanism of an effective system of checks and balances between different branches of government. Its main functional purpose is to ensure the independence and autonomy of all branches of state power. In particular, constitutional legislator exclude the possibility of concentration of powers by enshrining a set of constitutional and legal guarantees in governing institutions&amp;apos; legal status. However, in practice, situations often arise when the implementation of certain powers serves as the reason for the serious constitutional and legal conflicts in terms of the implementation by a state body of tasks that are extrinsic for its constitutional nature. Therefore, it is scientifically and practically significant to investigate the experience of the United States in the sphere of control over the constitutionality of normative acts, adopted as a result of the exercise of the so-called inherent powers. The author focused on the analysis of the legal positions of American courts on the implementation of inherent powers, both by Congress as the US legislative body and by the judicial authorities. The main results of the suggested study include the following. The doctrine of the inherent powers of the US Congress is based on three restrictive principles: 1) the means chosen by the government (enshrined in the normative legal act) must directly lead to the achievement of the constitutional goal; 2) when determining the means necessary to achieve the constitutional goal, there must be a requirement of good faith in the choice of such means; 3) the means used must be directly correlated with the goal contained in the text of the constitution itself, that is, be proportional. In the context of the implementation of the inherent powers by the judicial authorities, it is summarized that the investigated doctrine reflects the essence of the procedural competency of the court and should be considered as an important component of its independence, as well as the effective administration of justice in general. As a conclusion, the author argues that the issue of whether the implementation of certain inherent powers is «constitutionally verified», constitutional review body should consider three basic requirements, the essence of which lies in the certain scope of basic law norms, as the latter stipulates the status and functions of a certain public authority. Key words: constitutional doctrine, inherent powers, the US legal system, constitutionality of acts of public authorities, judicial practice.

Cloud computing and IoT integration for health checking system

With the raise of technologies in the fourth industry revolution, Internet of things appeared as an emerging technology, especially, in the healthcare industry. The cloud computing as a main section of IoT structure can be a great integration to get more benefits to provide healthcare for our society. In this paper, researchers more concentrated on individuals and autonomous extension of solitary strategies, with less emphasis on patient monitoring. While the main aim of technology management of healthcare information systems has been accomplished throughout the proposed combination of Internet of Things and Cloud Computing in the context of medical profession. A low-cost, secure, and trusted healthcare tracking system that offers real-time monitoring dashboard for biological indicator has been proposed. The utilization of this integration to track and control health system was applied, thus, a remotely controlled platform based on the cloud computing design paradigm has been developed in the field of health information, while an efficient algorithms in future hospital cloud service and monitoring system implementations have examine and evaluate this design. A CloudSim simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm revealed better results from analogue anneals algorithm and ant colony optimal design with an improvement of 40% in the system efficiency. Therefore, the integrated proposed algorithm is of an importance to be developed and could be applied to non-coordinate system to improve solutions to the optimization and scattering.

Automated Rule Checking for MEP Systems Based on BIM and KBMS

Due to the growing complexity of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) designs and the rules that govern them, performing rule checks manually has become expensive. However, MEP-based rule checking has not received adequate attention compared to automated rule checking in other domains. Based on Knowledge Management and Building Information Modeling (BIM), an automated rule checking system integrated knowledge base management system (KBMS) for model information expansion, information extraction, system integrity checking, and element spacing checking was developed. MEP rules for automated rule checking were collected, optimized, and stored in the MEP knowledge base. The KBMS facilitates the management of MEP rules in the knowledge base. A Revit plug-in of MEP rule checking system was developed including functions of KBMS, Model Integrity Checking, Elements Space Checking, and Locating the non-compliant element in model view. This study integrated both KBMS and BIM technologies to achieve automated rule checking for MEP. This simplifies the process of rule checking of MEP systems in an automated manner.

Web-Based General Affair Information System Using Prototyping Method

Operations are one of the main activities in the company; almost all companies have a General Affairs (GA) section that takes care of all household and operational matters. The bigger the company, the more complex the problems faced. To overcome these problems, the role of technology is needed. In today's digital era, many technologies can be used to assist companies in administrative activities, one of which is a website-based application. Website-based applications have advantages over desktop applications because users only need a browser to access the application. This research will build a web-based general affairs administration system using the prototype method. The prototype is a method that requires the developer's interaction with the client so that it can overcome the incompatibility between the system developer and the client. Tests are carried out using black-box testing techniques focusing on checking system functionality. The results of tests conducted by 26 respondents show that the system built is 100% feasible and meets expectations.

The constitutional reform of the Judicial Council in the Slovak Republic from the European comparative context

This contribution responds to the so-called judicial amendment to the Constitution of the Slovak Republic of 9 December 2020, which was published in the Collection of Law No. 422/2020, which resulted, inter alia, in major changes of the position, composition, and powers of the Judicial Council of the SR; the author points to the evolution of the Slovak Judicial Council since 2001 as well as summarizes the circumstances that led to its establishment, also changes in its constitutional status, composition, presidency, and competencies. The contribution includes concrete details how, according to recent constitutional reform, the system of checks and balances in the composition of the Judicial Council of the Slovak republic was implemented, to eliminate the judicial corporatism and negative consequences of political influence on that matter. The essential part of this document is the comparative analysis of the selected aspects of the composition of judicial councils in the selected European states. Special attention is paid to the issue of the majority of the judges among other members and the influence of the political forces in the process of selecting the members of the judicial councils. All of these used methods of scientific research led the author to formulate and identify the system of checks and balances in the composition of the judicial councils to ensure the independence and effectiveness of the judicial council and even for the whole judiciary in a national and/or European environment.

Legal characteristics of interaction of judiciary bodies and institutions of civil society

The article substantiates the opinion that the process of assessing the judiciary has a special place in the system of interaction between the state and civil society. The state and civil society, constantly interacting, are a kind of system of checks and balances that allows you to find a balance, protect people from the tyranny of power and form the widest possible circle of people for whom lawful behavior is a conscious necessity. And it is the judiciary that plays a key role in this process, as it contributes to the protection or restoration of violated human rights, the interests of the state exclusively within the legal field. However, the activities of the judiciary are subject to some control by the state and civil society, which interact with each other. It is stated that the interaction of society and the state is not only about solving problems, but also the process of their convergence, unification, departure from the perception of the state as a controlling body that sets certain limits, restrictions for society in general and individuals in particular; it brings us closer to understanding the state as an entity that aims to protect people through the harmonization of social relations. Such interaction is necessary to ensure an adequate assessment of the activities and effectiveness of this branch of government, as well as to exercise their rights and responsibilities of the subjects of this interaction. Interaction, as a process of mutual activity of two or more subjects in order to achieve certain consequences, can be structured into the following elements: subjects of interaction, object of interaction, mutual relations between subjects, changes caused by interaction of subjects. It is substantiated that the interaction of the state and civil society in the process of assessing the judiciary can be considered as a system that performs certain functions in order to achieve its goal, characterized by the presence of interconnected elements, clearly defined forms of interaction.

APPLYING AI TECHNOLOGY TO RECOGNIZE BIM OBJECTS AND VISIBLE PROPERTIES FOR ACHIEVING AUTOMATED CODE COMPLIANCE CHECKING

Automated code compliance checking is an effective approach for assessing the quality of building information modeling (BIM) models. Various automated code compliance checking systems have emerged, wherein users need to input all information accurately according to BIM modeling guidelines, in order to ensure the accuracy of checking results. However, as this process involves human inputs, it is difficult to ensure that each input is accurate. In the case of errors or missing inputs, the checking results will be erroneous. Although automated checking systems can be developed accurately, it is difficult to apply these systems practically. Therefore, this paper proposes the application of AI technology to recognize BIM objects and visible properties, in order to improve the operability of automated code compliance checking. The two necessary elements – object names and properties – could be automatically extracted to a certain extent, following the application of the proposed method to the automated code checking process. The error rate of the input could also be reduced, thus making the application of the code checking system more practically feasible. The proposed recognition method for BIM objects and visible properties is also expected to be used widely in BIM-based building e-submission systems and BIM-based forward designs.