Checking System Research Articles

ОБСТАВИНИ УКЛАДЕННЯ ТА ПОЛОЖЕННЯ ДОГОВОРУ 568 р. ПОМІЖ ЛАНГОБАРДАМИ ТА АВАРАМИ

As of the early 550s, the diplomatic sphere of the Eastern Roman Empire on the Danube Limes was in a state of relative consolidation. In many ways, this was facilitated by the system of checks and balances between barbarian political associations on the northern border of the Empire. The autocrator Justinian the Great (527–565), professing the goal of political neutralisation of his neighbours, had been engaging the political associations of the Hepidians, Lombards and Antes in alliance relations since the 530s. These associations were fully or partially involved in the cohort of allies and federations of Constantinople, repelling the barbarian attacks of the Empire’s opponents in the region. At the same time, the internal contradictions that were brewing among the rulers of the barbarian associations could not provide the political system of Constantinople on the eastern bank of the Danube with promising development. One of the main reasons for the instability of relations between Justinian’s federates was the involvement of the Kingdom of the Hepidians in the Empire. In the second half of the 6th cent., the latter occupied the Danube and Tisza valleys, bordering the Roman provinces of Pannonia II of the Diocese of Dacia and Moesia I of the Diocese of Thrace. In 526, the Lombards became the Hepidians’ neighbours to the west. Being in a state of protracted conflict since then, both sides could not ensure victory without the participation of third parties. At the same time, the imperator Justinian and his predecessor, Justin I (518–527), were not interested in providing military assistance to their allies. The nature of the confrontation between the Lombards and the Hepidians changed with the arrival of the Avars in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. Having become federates of Constantinople in 557, the Nomads were interested in obtaining the provinces of Pannonia II and Illyric for settlement. A dispute over these territories with Emperor Justin II (565–578) led to the actual breakdown of the nomads’ treaty with the Empire. King of the Lombards Alboin (566–572) proposed to grant the Avars these territories for settlement. At the suggestion of the barbarian monarch, the nomads received the desired lands in exchange for military assistance to the Lombards during the conflict with the Hepids. As a result of the negotiations between Alboin and the Avar Khan Bayan (562–602), an agreement was concluded, the postulates of which formed the basis of relations between the proto-state of the nomads and the newly formed Kingdom of the Lombards until the beginning of the 7th cent.

Separation of Powers and System of Checks and Balances: A Debate on theFunctionalist and Formalist Theories in the Context of Pakistan

Separation of Powers and System of Checks and Balances: A Debate on theFunctionalist and Formalist Theories in the Context of Pakistan

Police-Community Relations in Baguio City: A Path Towards Accountability

Positive police-community relations are the cornerstone of a just and effective law enforcement system. They create a virtuous cycle of trust, collaboration, and accountability, leading to a safer and more equitable community. This qualitative descriptive study delves into the factors that promote positive police-community relations in Baguio City, Philippines. It further examines how improved relations impact accountability among officers of the Baguio City Police Office (BCPO). Focusing on firsthand experiences, the research interviewed key informants. These included three active members of BCPO’s Police Community Affairs and Development Group (PCADG) with at least two years of experience and a barangay official from Barangay Abanao-Zandueta-Chugum-Kayang-Otek (AZCKO). An interview guide explored their subjective experiences and perspectives on police-community relations. The study identified strong support from the local government, community cooperation and commitment, and efficient communication as key factors contributing to positive police-community relations. These improved relations led to increased community involvement as an oversight body of the organization, a shift towards responsive and proactive problem-solving, and a reduction in negative perceptions of police officers. Notably, active community participation creates a system of checks and balances, holding police accountable for their actions and promoting transparency in their operations. In essence, this study highlights the importance of investing in initiatives that nurture positive police-community relations. By breeding trust, collaboration, and accountability, such efforts can contribute to a safer and more just community for all residents of Baguio City.

Separation of Powers Principle tn the States of XXI Century: Constitutional Approach

The relevance of the topic of this study comes from the constant search by legal theorists for the formula of an ideal state and the determination of the scope of power and functions of a particular branch of government. That is because the different balance and strengthening of one of the three branches of government leads to the formation of one or another political system within the state, and also determines the dynamism of the country’s development. In different states, this balance and system of checks and balances are formed differently, which gives rise to their political characteristics, thus creating political challenges. The subject of this work is the principle of separation of powers, according to which democracy is realized in the modern world. The purpose of the work is to explore the theory of separation of powers, its current position in countries with Presidential and Parliamentary forms of government and how compliance with certain criteria can help maintain the effectiveness of government in the modern era. The topic of this study is relatively up-to-date due to the small number of legal works devoted to the issues which are taken into consideration. Most researchers focus on the topic of the classical theory of separation of powers, rightfully positioning it as the dominant and generally accepted principle of organization of power in a state. Thus, based on a certain distribution of power, they give their preferences to one or another form of government. At the same time, the smaller number of works are devoted to alternative positions associated with the branches of government. This article, in its essence, is a study that starts discussion on the topic of the constitutional branch of government. The research methods used in this work are typical for a legal research (analysis, synthesis, etc.). Through a comparative analysis of the separation of powers in the countries of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, the United States and Indonesia, this study attempts to shed light on the need to establish a balance between the three branches of government. This study outlines the position of why the principle of separation of powers is so important for modern states of the world. And how does this principle ensure stability, security and democracy in a state. Based on the analyzed theoretical and real provisions in countries, the author proposes the position of adding a new branch of government to the existing one - the classical system of checks and balances. The constitutional branch of power is a guarantee of stability and balance of a certain state. The findings of this study contribute to the debate on the distribution of power and responsibilities between branches of government and compliance with checks and balances. This reflects the eternal search for balance between branches of power in the theory of law. This study also proposes to supplement three branches of government with a fourth component - the Constitutional branch of government. The author suggests that the inclusion of a new branch of government will help make government systems and their forms of governance more democratic, efficient, and capable of meeting the requirements of modern time.

Prescription audit of renally excreted drugs and vancomycin dosing for older patients with reduced kidney function

Japan has the largest aging population in the world, and kidney function declines with age. Therefore, when administering renally excreted drugs to older patients, the dosage should be adjusted according to the kidney function. This study addresses the appropriate use of renally excreted drugs in older patients in two topics. The first topic is concerned with the author’s experience with cibenzoline overdose, which led the author to conduct a survey of renally excreted drugs and establish an in-hospital prescription checking system for these drugs. The second topic clarifies the usefulness of serum creatinine-based kidney function estimation equations for predicting the area under the concentration-time curve of vancomycin in bedridden older patients. Based on these findings, the importance of pharmaceutical interventions by pharmacists in the pharmacotherapy of older patients with reduced kidney function is discussed

Enhancing Individual Worker Risk Awareness: A Location-Based Safety Check System for Real-Time Hazard Warnings in Work-Zones

This study focuses on improving pre-emptive risk recognition and safety checks to prevent workplace accidents. It underscores improvements by addressing existing research issues, suggesting potential enhancements through system development. Work approval procedures and workers’ prior risk awareness, through the confirmation of work safety standards in physically separated work areas, are fundamental methods of preventing serious accidents and creating a safe work environment. A key factor concerning worker safety is recognizing the potential accident risk factors (or hazards) in advance through practical job hazard analysis and consequently take risk-reduction measures in case the safety standards are not met. Despite the crucial significance of pre-awareness of work risks at the majority of construction sites, tools to enhance this awareness are currently limited. Furthermore, real-time detection of work risks and the implementation of risk reduction measures are contingent upon a monitoring environment and a robust safety culture. This study proposed construction worker location-tracking technology that recognizes personal identification (ID). A safety check system based on location tracking combining personal quick response code (QR code) recognition and computer vision technology to automatically identify workers’ personal identities and track their physical location was proposed. A real-time safety check system was implemented to classify automatically whether workers have confirmed hazards and to approve a work process in high-risk workplaces by supervisors. Location-tracking technology with ID recognition performed the following two safety management functions. First, if a construction worker does not pre-check the work risk information before entering the work zone, the geofencing technology automatically classifies workers as those who are not aware of job hazards. Secondly, the safety manager or supervisor entering the on-site work zone possesses the authority to halt work if the work environment fails to meet safety standards and can issue warnings regarding risky situations. Essential functions were validated through a case study involving preliminary testing within the development system. To assess the practical application of the system, virtual simulations were conducted using recorded videos from a construction site to replicate the two essential functions of the system. The system was constructed using an Apache server and Python code, and for testing purposes, the names of the workers were randomized.

Persepsi Simetode Mengajar Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam pada Siswa SMPN 3 Tanjung Medan

This test expects to figure out understudies' perspectives on PAI teachers' presentation methods for understudies at SMPN 3 Tanjung Medan. This investigation method utilizes a realistic quantitative procedure. The populace in this study was 81 Muslim understudies at SMPN 3 Tanjung Medan. The assessment technique utilizes a full scale assessment, so the populace and test takers have similar number, to be specific 81 understudies. Data was gathered utilizing an open survey and a proportion of understudies' impressions of the teacher's exhibition procedure assessed utilizing a Likert scale. The data checking system utilized is realistic examination. Based on the consequences of data testing, the query items show that understudy appraisals are named 39.5% satisfied, 23.5% extremely fulfilled, 21% frustrated, and 16% exceptionally disheartened. Hence, one might say that the most predominant gathering of understudies' comprehension was satisfied at 39.5% and the gathering with the least understanding was exceptionally disheartened at 16%.

An Automated, Dynamic Radiation Oncology Prescription Checking System

Despite serving as a critical communication tool, radiation oncology prescriptions are entered manually and prone to error. An automated prescription checking system was developed and implemented to help address this problem. Rules defining clinically appropriate prescriptions were generated, examining specific types of errors: (1) unapproved dose per fraction for a given disease site; (2) dose per fraction too large for nonstereotactic treatment technique; and (3) dose per fraction too low. With a goal of catching errors as upstream as possible to minimize their propagation, a report was created and ran every 30 minutes to check all newly written or approved prescriptions against the 3 rules. When a prescription violated these rules, an automated email was immediately sent to the prescriber alerting them of the potential error. System performance was continuously monitored and the criteria triggering an alert adjusted to balance error detection against false positives. Alerts leading to prescription amendment were considered true errors. From June 2021 to November 2022, the system checked 24,047 prescriptions. A total of 241 email alerts were triggered, for an average alert rate of 1%. Of the 241 alerts, 198 (82.2%) were unapproved doses per fraction for the disease site, 14 (5.8%) were doses per fraction that were too low, and 29 (12%) were doses too large for nonstereotactic treatment technique. Thirty-one percent of alerts led to a change of prescription, suggesting they were true errors. The baseline rate of erroneous prescription entry was 0.3%. A regression model showed that trainee prescription entry and dose per fraction <150 cGy were significantly associated with true errors. Given the significant consequences of erroneous prescription entry, which ranged from wasted resources and treatment delays to potentially serious misadministration, there is significant value in implementing automated prescription checking systems in radiation oncology clinics.

Analisis Sistem Biaya Pemeliharaan (Mu’nah) dalam Pembiayaan Amanah (Studi Kasus Pegadaian Syariah Unit Bone)

This research discusses the Analysis of Maintenance Cost System (Mu'nah) in Amanah Financing at Pegadaian Sharia Unit Bone. The study aims to determine how the maintenance cost system (Mu'nah) works in Amanah financing at Pegadaian Sharia Unit Bone, the mechanism of Amanah financing products at Pegadaian Sharia Unit Bone, and the advantages and disadvantages of maintenance costs (Mu'nah) in Amanah financing at Pegadaian Sharia Unit Bone. The research employed a field research design with a qualitative approach. Primary and secondary data sources were utilized. The results of the research indicate that (1) the maintenance cost system (Mu'nah) in Amanah financing at Pegadaian Sharia Unit Bone is a maintenance cost (1%) multiplied by the vehicle price, with the vehicle's BPKB serving as collateral, as per the Fatwa DSN-MUI Number 688/DSN-MUI/III/2008. (2) The mechanism of Amanah financing products at Pegadaian Sharia Unit Bone involves document completion, analysis stages (survey and BI Checking system checks), signing and delivery of the DP, disbursement, payment to the dealer, delivery of the vehicle to prospective customers, and collateral goods to murtahīn, while still paying attention to elements of trust, agreement, duration, and risk to avoid undesirable situations. (3) The advantages and disadvantages of maintenance costs (Mu'nah) in Amanah financing at Pegadaian Sharia Unit Bone include delayed payments, inventory at the dealer, and surveys.

ACTIVE PARTICIPATION OF OLDER ADULTS AT POLITICAL RALLIES AS A SOURCE OF RESILIENCE: THE CASE OF THE ISRAELI PROTEST

Abstract The governing Israeli coalition suggested on Dec 2022 a reform plan that would fundamentally alter the system of checks and balances within Israeli society. According to law experts, the plan would effectively end liberal democracy in Israel. This turn of events sparked the largest protest movement in the 75year history of Israel. The current situation is unparalleled, and the mental health costs appear to be significant. However, the toll on older adults has not been directly examined yet. The breadth of the protest movement is remarkable. A July 2023 poll conducted by the Israel Democracy Institute estimated that almost a quarter of Israeli citizens had participated at a protest action at least once. It was primarily through participation at large rallies held weekly across the country - one of the main symbols of the protest movement. Interestingly, the survey reported a 37% participation rate among older adults, the highesy participation rate among all tested age groups. Since older Israelis are members of the founding generation of the state, their participation is not surprising. They feel threatened as their way of life and heritage are at risk. In the current study, we conducted a survey that examined mental health indices among older Israelis. Specifically, we wanted to test whether active participation at the protest could serve as a source for resilience in older age. Unfortunately, political turmoil is not unique to Israel. Thus, we hope that our findings could assist practitioners globally.

Implementation of Apriori Algorithm for Determining Spare Parts Product Recommendation Packages

The aim of this research is to determine recommended product packages for spare parts from an automotive parts supplier. Shop owners have faced challenges in meeting customer demands over the past few months, experiencing frequent stockouts of spare parts due to a manual transaction recording system and a manual checking system for spare parts storage. This inefficiency and lack of accuracy in managing in-demand spare parts prompted the application of the apriori algorithm, a data mining method. Data was collected from the total sales over the past three months, subsequently cleaned and transformed for manual and Python-based apriori calculations. The results, obtained through both manual and Python implementations of apriori, indicate that the two frequently occurring item sets are oil filters with a confidence value of 68% and air filters with a confidence value of 63%. Based on these findings, the study recommends spare parts stores to maintain higher stock levels of oil filters and air filters compared to other spare parts.

Implementation of the principle of people's power as a way of participation in the administration of justice

The publication examines the doctrinal principles on the forms of direct democracy and the existing problems regarding the exercise of power by the people. Based on the historical perspective of the analysis of European legislation in this area, ways of improving the Basic Law of Ukraine are proposed.&#x0D; It was established that, despite the insignificant and contradictory support of the thinkers of the ancient world and the Middle Ages regarding the need to recognize the right of the people to cancel the legislative acts of the representative bodies of the state, this idea received significant development precisely in the era of the New Age, when the proclamation of people's rule was accompanied by the establishment of parliamentarism, the authority and trust of which is constantly fell among the common people. It has been proven that the essence of such judgments was that modern democracy is based on the idea of popular sovereignty, that is, on the need to create such a system of state-legal relations that would ensure the primacy of law in all spheres of social relations and enable the people to exercise their right to be the source and basis state power precisely because of various forms of political participation in the state management of the country, one of which is participation in the exercise of judicial power.&#x0D; It has been determined that the views of thinkers in support of forms of people's power boil down to the fact that the right to limit state power is recognized as an inalienable, natural human right that belongs to them from birth. Therefore, people's power itself is one of the means related to the system of checks and balances, and therefore helps not only the normal functioning of state authorities by exercising control over the actions of their representatives, but also the direct exercise of power by the people, which thereby helps to ensure the principle of popular sovereignty.&#x0D; It has been established that today the practice of applying forms of direct democracy is significantly ahead of theoretical developments in this area. This very issue is voluminous, and at the same time there are a large number of gaps and contradictions in the possibility of constitutional consolidation of new forms of people's rule.

State Reporting Requirements for Involuntary Holds, Court-Ordered Guardianship, and the US National Firearm Background Check System

Firearm violence is a leading cause of death in the US. There is broad public agreement that individuals at high risk of perpetrating violence should not be allowed to purchase or possess firearms. The National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) is a national system intended to stop firearm purchases or possession by prohibited persons, but there is heterogeneity in how states interact with and report data to NICS. To examine variability in state requirements for NICS reporting for mental health prohibitions. This cross-sectional study in the US reviewed current statutes for all 50 states and the District of Columbia (enacted through the 2021 legislative session) regarding reporting mental health prohibitions to NICS or state systems. Data were analyzed from October 2022 to April 2023. For each state, the following were recorded: reliance on Federal Bureau of Investigation vs state point of contact for NICS checks; regulation requiring or allowing reporting to NICS for 3 hypothetical cases; and details on reporting responsibility and time frame. The number of NICS listings for adjudicated mental health reasons was obtained, and state rates per 1000 population were calculated. To compare states, we developed 3 hypothetical cases of individuals with risk of firearm violence, whether possibly temporary (involuntary commitment for decompensated psychosis, or involuntary short-term psychiatric hold for suicidal ideation) or chronic and progressive (court-appointed guardianship for dementia). A total of 39 states required and 5 allowed reporting to NICS for court-ordered, involuntary psychiatric hospitalization. Thirteen states required and 5 allowed reporting to NICS when a court determines an individual is mentally incompetent to manage their affairs (with or without guardianship). Two states required NICS reporting for short-term emergency psychiatric holds. Five states and the District of Columbia had no legislation explicitly requiring or allowing NICS reporting in the 3 scenarios. In this cross-sectional study of state laws, there was substantial heterogeneity in NICS reporting requirements and lack of clarity around processes. This raises questions about the ability of NICS to be used to block firearm purchases or possession by individuals with court-identified high risk of perpetrating violence toward themselves or others.

Regional Autonomy Inconsistency in Indonesia Post Amendment to the 1945 Constitution

Background: Since 1980 by the Pro-democracy circles, and only reached its peak in 1998. These changes strengthen the system of checks and balances in the life of the nation and state. One of the fundamental changes is the restructuring of the implementation of regional autonomy through articles 18, 18A and 18B concerning Regional Government in Indonesia. These articles are expected to improve the governance of Regional Autonomy in Indonesia, in line with the demands of the Reform, namely, to make Indonesia a democratic country based on the Rule of Law. This is also summarized in the TAP MPR. No. XV/MPR/1998 concerning the Implementation of Regional Autonomy, Regulation, Distribution and Utilization of Equitable National Resources, as well as Budget Balance between Central and Regional Governments within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Objective: The aim of this research is to analysis the inconsistencies in the implementation of Regional Autonomy in Indonesia after the amendment to the 1945 Constitution. Theoretical framework: This article will discuss and analysis the dilemma of Centralization or Decentralization, discusses and examines two things: first, looks at the paradigm between centralization and decentralization which is fundamental in regional autonomy policies. Second, the impact of regional autonomy is the emergence of political elite groups and oligarchs, as previously flourished under the New Order Regime. This literature is different from the discussion and analysis in this study. They both choose the word inconsistency, however, in their discussion and analysis they are different. Method: This research uses normative legal methods or often referred to as doctrinal legal research in its discussion and analysis. To ensure that this method can be used effectively, the researcher conducted a comparison of construction between the 1945 Constitution and regulations on Regional Autonomy implementation.

Regulating police use of facial recognition technology in the Netherlands: The complex interplay between criminal procedural law and data protection law

In this contribution, we provide insight into the complex interplay between criminal procedure law and data protection law when it comes to regulating police use of facial recognition technology. By analysing the Dutch ‘Police Deployment Framework for Facial Recognition Technology’, we show that data protection law and criminal procedure do not interact with each other to a sufficient degree in relation to facial recognition technology. We identify several barriers standing in the way of their cooperation, resulting in notable gaps in the system of checks and balances: (1) a different underlying mindset (maximum versus minimum use of data); (2) a different assessment of the required legal basis (proportionality versus strict necessity); and (3) an ineffective web of supervision. We suggest several ideas for filling these gaps and bridging the disconnection: following the approach in existing Dutch law used for the processing of ANPR and DNA data, encoding the less ‘muddy’ rules of data protection law into digital technology itself, and further research on the feasibility of effective supervision by the Dutch Data Protection Authority. Our contribution shows that in order to properly regulate facial recognition technology, scholars need to look beyond the edges of their own fields of law.

The political economy of political corruption in 21st century Africa: Perspectives from Cameroon and South Africa

AAFrom ancient to modern times, corruption has plagued human civilisation. Its existence confirms that it has been integrated into the social fabric of global society and become a vice of governance. Corruption has dual implications: the direct financial benefit for the perpetrators due to the misuse of entrusted power, which raises the issue of accountability; and the deprivation to society of the allocation of resources. Political corruption results in large amounts of public funds being systematically siphoned off at the expense of society, and against the dictates of the constitutional values of transparency and accountability. For South Africa and Cameroon, political corruption continues to impede growth and development, despite the prevalence of anti-corruption mechanisms in these countries. From a comparative perspective, we investigate the scale and consequence of political corruption in South Africa and Cameroon to analyse the existing anti-corruption mechanisms, strategies and regimes in the two countries in combatting political corruption. We further analyse how and to what extent courts, particularly the Special Crime Court in Cameroon, have been able to address the issue. Furthermore, we demonstrate the similarities between high-level abuse of power in South Africa and Cameroon, notwithstanding existing anticorruption mechanisms. We conclude that a proactive system of checks and balances is urgently required to quench the growing cancerous phenomenon of political corruption in Africa, specifically in Cameroon and South Africa.

Asas Proporsional dan Asas Itikad Baik dalam Perjanjian Waralaba

The purpose of the study to determine and analyze the urgency of the principle of proportionality and the principle of good faith in the franchise agreement, legal protection and minimization of problems. The problem of how the urgency of the proportional principle and the principle of good faith in the franchise agreement, then the proportional principle and the principle of good faith in the franchise agreement can be a solution in minimizing the problems posed by the franchise agreement and legal protection of the parties.the method used in this study is juridical normative. This research is based on treaty theory, justice theory, proportional principle in Treaty, legal protection. Legal issues the occurrence of ambiguity of norms, that based on Government Regulation No. 42 of 2007 on franchise has contained rules regarding clauses in the agreement clearly as many as 11 clauses that must exist but in the implementation of the standard agreement is an agreement made by one of the parties, causing problems in the future. the results showed that (1) the principle of proportionality and good faith is a unity in a system of checks and balances whose task is to encourage the creation of legal relations in a proportional contract.(2) the principle of good faith and the principle of proportionality in making a franchise agreement, can prevent losses that will be experienced by other parties and is able to minimize the problems that will be caused before the agreement,at the time of the agreement,and after the agreement.

Judicial Reform or Abusive Constitutionalism in Israel

AbstractHow should the constitutional reform in Israel be assessed in comparative terms? Comparative constitutional understandings point to the centrality of three key sets of norms as part of the ‘democratic minimum core’: (i) commitments to free and fair, regular multi-party elections; (ii) political rights and freedoms; and (iii) a system of institutional checks and balances necessary to maintain (i) and (ii). Any change in judicial power and independence must be assessed against the benchmark of the democratic minimum core, and by reference to its cumulative practical effect on a system of institutional checks and balances.We claim that recent changes in Israel may already threaten these institutional checks, and have the potential to do more damage in the future, if given broad effect and if combined with further changes in the power and independence of the Supreme Court. On this basis, we suggest, the relevant changes should be viewed as either ‘abusive’ or ‘proto-abusive’ in nature. By threatening to undermine both the power and independence of the Supreme Court of Israel, they directly threaten the health of the constitutional checks and balances system and, hence, the ‘democratic minimum core’ in Israel.

Variations in State Laws on Mental Health–Related Firearm Prohibition

This quality improvement study assesses heterogeneity in state rules regarding reporting of mental health conditions to the National Instant Criminal Background Check System when individuals seek to acquire firearms.

Text duplication of papers in four medical related fields

Abstract Purpose To reveal the typical features of text duplication in papers from four medical fields: basic medicine, health management, pharmacology and pharmacy, and public health and preventive medicine. To analyze the reasons for duplication and provide suggestions for the management of medical academic misconduct. Design/methodology/approach In total, 2,469 representative Chinese journal papers were included in our research, which were submitted by researchers in 2020 and 2021. A plagiarism check was carried out using the Academic Misconduct Literature Check System (AMLC). We generated a corrected similarity index based on the AMLC general similarity index for further analysis. We compared the similarity indices of papers in four medical fields and revealed their trends over time; differences in similarity index between review and research articles were also analyzed according to the different fields. Further analysis of 143 papers suspected of plagiarism was also performed from the perspective of sections containing duplication and according to the field of research. Findings Papers in the field of pharmacology and pharmacy had the highest similarity index (8.67 ± 5.92%), which was significantly higher than that in other fields, except health management. The similarity index of review articles (9.77 ± 10.28%) was significantly higher than that of research articles (7.41 ± 6.26%). In total, 143 papers were suspected of plagiarism (5.80%) with similarity indices ≥ 15%; most were papers on health management (78, 54.55%), followed by public health and preventive medicine (38, 26.58%); 90.21% of the 143 papers had duplication in multiple sections, while only 9.79% had duplication in a single section. The distribution of sections with duplication varied among different fields; papers in pharmacology and pharmacy were more likely to have duplication in the data/methods and introduction/background sections, however, papers in health management were more likely to contain duplication in the introduction/background or results/discussion sections. Different structures for papers in different fields may have caused these differences. Research limitations There were three limitations to our research. Firstly, we observed that a small number of papers have been checked early. It is unknown who conducted the plagiarism check as this can be included in other evaluations, such as applications for Science and technology projects or awards. If the authors carried out the check, text with high similarity indices may have been excluded before submission, meaning the similarity index in our research may have been lower than the original value. Secondly, there were only four medical fields included in our research. Additional analysis on a wider scale is required in the future. Thirdly, only a general similarity index was calculated in our study; other similarity indices were not tested. Practical implications A comprehensive analysis of similarity indices in four medical fields was performed. We made several recommendations for the supervision of medical academic misconduct and the formation of criteria for defining suspected plagiarism for medical papers, as well as for the improved accuracy of text duplication checks. Originality/value We quantified the differences between the AMLC general similarity index and the corrected index, described the situation around text duplication and plagiarism in papers from four medical fields, and revealed differences in similarity indices between different article types. We also revealed differences in the sections containing duplication for papers with suspected plagiarism among different fields.