Fluid Characteristics Research Articles

Computational analysis of power-law fluids for convective heat transfer in permeable enclosures using Darcy effects

Natural convection is a complex environmental phenomenon that typically occurs in engineering settings in porous structures. Shear thinning or shear thickening fluids are characteristics of power-law fluids, which are non-Newtonian in nature and find wide-ranging uses in various industrial processes. Non-Newtonian fluid flow in porous media is a difficult problem with important consequences for energy systems and heat transfer. In this paper, convective heat transmission in permeable enclosures will be thoroughly examined. The main goal is to comprehend the intricate interaction between the buoyancy-induced convection intensity, the porosity of the casing, and the fluid’s power-law rheology as indicated by the Rayleigh number. The objective is to comprehend the underlying mechanisms and identify the ideal conditions for improving heat transfer processes.The problem’s governing equations for a scientific investigation are predicated on the concepts of heat transport and fluid dynamics. The fluid flow and thermal behavior are represented using the energy equation, the Boussinesq approximation, and the Navier–Stokes equations. The continuity equation in a porous media represents the conservation of mass. Finite Element Analysis is the numerical method that is suggested for this challenging topic since it enables a comprehensive examination of the situation. The results of the investigation support several important conclusions. The power-law index directly impacts heat transmission patterns. A higher Rayleigh number indicates increased buoyancy-induced convection, which increases the heat transfer rates inside the shell. The porosity of the medium significantly affects temperature gradients and flow distribution, and it is most noticeable when permeability is present. The findings show how, in the context of porous media, these parameters have complicated relationships with one another.

Magnetic Characterization of MR Fluid by Means of Neural Networks

Magnetorheological and electrorheological fluids manifest a change in rheological behavior when subjected to a magnetic or electric field, respectively, such that they require electrical and magnetic characterization. In this paper, a simple and accurate mathematical model based on a small number of parameters provides the relative magnetic permeability of magnetorheological fluids as a function of the applied magnetic field. Furthermore, for the testing and magnetic characterization of magnetorheological fluids, a new metering equipment setup is implemented. Starting with the achieved experimental data, the mathematical relation μr=f(B) is represented by means of a radial basis function neural network, with neurons having a Gaussian activation function; by means of post-training pruning procedures, the trained neural network is applied using the proposed data. Therefore, the obtained mathematical relation μr=f(B) is in good agreement with the experimental data, with an approximate error of 8%.

CAVITATION PROCESSES IN THE MULTIPORT BALL VALVE SYSTEMS

Valves are essential components of a fluid management system, and their proper functioning is critical to ensuring the system's efficiency and durability. Multiport ball valves are versatile and commonly used in various industries to control fluid flows. These valves have multiple ports or outlets, allowing for different flow paths and configurations. One of the key considerations when using multiport ball valves is the flow characteristics within the valve itself. The flow within multiport ball valves is governed by several factors, including the design of the valve and the pressure drop across it. Understanding the flow behavior in multiport ball valves is crucial for optimizing their performance and ensuring efficient fluid handling. Different flow paths and configurations in multiport ball valves result in varying flow characteristics. For example, in a three-way multiport ball valve, there are typically two inlet ports and one outlet port. The flow can be diverted from one inlet to the outlet, or it can be split between the two outlets. This flow behavior is influenced by the presence of a constant throttling channel in the valve design.The constant throttling channel helps regulate the flow rate through the valve, and its size and shape can impact the flow characteristics. Additionally, the flow behavior in multiport ball valves can be further influenced by factors such as the material properties of the valve and the flow conditions. Furthermore, the overall flow behavior in multiport ball valves can have an impact on mass transfer and chemical reactions in the system. Different flow patterns and configurations within multiport ball valves can affect the mass transfer and transport characteristics in a system. For example, if the flow is not well-distributed or if there are areas of stagnant flow, it can lead to uneven mixing and reaction rates. Keywords: Multiport ball valve, cavitation, fluid characteristics, control of cavitation processes.

Application of ultra-fine particles of potato as eco-friendly green additives for drilling a borehole: A filtration, rheological and morphological evaluation

Drilling fluid is crucial for oil and gas well drilling operations, serving key functions such as facilitating the removal of drill cuttings, maintaining borehole stability and controlling formation pressures. When the drilling fluid is lost into formations, it can alter the formation's integrity, contaminate groundwater and cause permeability damage. In addition, environmental concerns arise from the waste produced during drilling activities, particularly when discarded drilling fluids contain hazardous substances like heavy metals. This study explores the potential of integrating ultrafine potato powder (PP) into water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs) as environmentally friendly additives. Several analytical techniques including X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to comprehensively characterize the prepared PPs. The study included API and HPHT filtration test, permeability plugging test and rheological evaluations of drilling fluids, assessing parameters such as filter loss, filter cake, apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, yield point and gel strength under varied conditions of different particle sizes of PP, concentrations of PP, and temperature and pressure measurements. The obtaining results emphasize PP's potential to enhance the wellbore stability and reduce the fluid loss, the filtration of water or oil into the permeable formation, achieving 43% reduction in the filtration rate and 70% reduction in the filter cake thickness. Adding 0.5 wt% ultrafine PP improved the maximum gel strength to 32.2 lb/100 ft2, while the same concentration and particle size raised the plastic viscosity from 3 to 6.8 cP, which subsequently dropped to 6 cP in high temperature conditions. PP performed better compared with the reference fluid in improving the thinning behavior of the drilling fluids. Moreover, permeability plugging tests confirm that adding PP effectively lowered the filtration rate, with higher concentrations achieving greater reductions over time. These findings suggest that PP holds promise as an effective additive for drilling fluids, contributing to enhanced drilling efficiency, improved wellbore stability and a reduced likelihood of instability and lost circulation. The characterization and rheological analysis of PP biodegradable drilling fluids provide valuable insights for optimizing fluid formulations, tailoring them to specific operational conditions, and achieving a balance between fluidity, wellbore stability, and cuttings transport. This research highlights the potential of PP as a sustainable and efficient solution in the realm of drilling fluid additives.

Effect of pore structure characteristics on gas-water seepage behaviour in deep carbonate gas reservoirs

The study of gas-water two-phase flow behavior has always been a focus and a difficult problem in the field of oil and gas seepage, and it is related to the formulation of reasonable development plans for oil and gas reservoirs. Deep carbonate gas reservoirs (depth>4500m) develop cross-scale porous media, which have extremely strong heterogeneity and very complex seepage characteristics. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no systematic study on the two-phase flow patterns of gas and water in deep carbonate gas reservoirs. This paper uses cast thin sections, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to study the influence of carbonate rock pore structure characteristics on gas storage and seepage capabilities. The results show that the existence of cavities enhances the gas storage capacity of the reservoir and improves the seepage capacity of pore-throat space near the cavity. Fractures can effectively communicate with isolated cavities, enhance reservoir connectivity, and thereby significantly improve the overall seepage capacity of the reservoir. The centrifugal technique was combined with NMR to study the movable fluid characteristics of carbonate reservoirs. The critical flow throat radius and movable fluid saturation of the reservoir reveal that the degree of development of cavities and fractures determines the mobility of the fluid in the reservoir. The fluid mobility in the fracture-cavity-type reservoir is the strongest, while the fluid mobility in the pore-type reservoir is the weakest. Analysis of the normalized curve of gas-water relative permeability under high temperature and pressure reveals that formation water preferentially enters connected pores with low seepage resistance, and the strong storage capacity of cavities can effectively delay the non-uniform intrusion of formation water. The results of water invasion simulation experiments show that the water invasion phenomenon can improve the gas production rate and recovery rate of pore-type reservoirs. However, the formation water flow and channeling phenomena caused by reservoir heterogeneity will cause a large amount of gas to be sealed in the pore space of cavity-type and fracture-cavity-type reservoirs, reducing the recovery rate and economic benefits of these reservoirs. These findings further provide solid fundamentals for efficient and effective exploitation of deep carbonate gas reservoirs.

Pore Structure Characteristics and Reservoir Classification of Tight Sandstones within the Upper Permian Longtan Formation in the Laoshan Uplift, South Yellow Sea Basin: Implications for Hydrocarbon Exploration

The Upper Permian Longtan Formation in the Laoshan Uplift of the South Yellow Sea Basin hosts thick and distinctive tight sandstones. However, a comprehensive understanding of its pore structure and reservoir classification remains lacking. This study investigates the fully cored well, CSDP-2, utilizing thin section analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrum analysis, X-ray diffraction, high-pressure mercury intrusion, and nuclear magnetic resonance to characterize its petrophysical properties, pore space, and movable fluid characteristics. Additionally, fractal principles are further employed to examine reservoir heterogeneity and conduct a quantitative assessment, considering the complexity of tight sandstone pore structures. The findings reveal that the sandstones predominantly comprise feldspathic litharenites, with an average porosity of 1.567% and permeability of 0.099 mD, primarily containing intragranular pores. Two distinct sets of pores with significantly different sizes (r < 2 μm; r > 6 μm) were identified, displaying relatively high fractal dimensions and discrete distribution. Movable fluids primarily occupy pores with radii > 0.019 μm, reflecting pronounced overall heterogeneity. The reservoir was classified into three categories utilizing permeability, median radius, and movable fluid saturation as key evaluation parameters, with Class I representing a relatively high-quality reservoir. These findings advance our understanding of the pore development mechanism of tight sandstone reservoirs and provide geological evidence for further hydrocarbon exploration in this study area.

Evaluation of nanoparticle effect on heavy and light wellbore cement slurries

Cementing around the casing in oil and gas wellbores provides multiple benefits such as proper zonal isolation, casing support, and prevention of fluid migration. Wellbore cement is an important part of the completion and abandonment process. However, wellbore cement has some drawbacks such as micro-annuli formation or loss of zonal isolation. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to improve the characteristics of wellbore drilling fluids but have not been used extensively in cement. The objective of this paper is to show the effect of NPs’ concentration on wellbore cement characteristics such as thickening time, viscosity, and fluid loss properties. Nanoparticle barite and magnetite were added to heavy cement and bentonite was added to light cement in intervals of 1, 3, and 5 % by weight of cement to test the resulting cement characteristics. The results showed that the thickening time increased for all concentrations of nanoparticles, except for the 5 % magnetite. The resulting yield stress of both cement mixtures increased for all concentrations of nanoparticles. The viscosity for all concentrations of nanoparticles in the heavy cement was greater than the control case, while no change in viscosity was seen with the light cement. Fluid loss generally decreased by increasing nanoparticle concentrations for both heavy and light cement. The results of this work in combination with results from the literature show that the addition of barite, magnetite, or bentonite nanoparticles can enhance wellbore cement without diminishing the pumpability and curing time.

Pore throat distributions and movable fluid occurrences in different diagenetic facies of tight sandstone reservoirs in the Triassic Chang 6 reservoirs, Wuqi Area, Ordos Basin, China

The 6th member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, hereafter referred to as Chang 6 reservoir, in the Wuqi area of the Ordos Basin presents formidable obstacles for efficient tight oil development. This reservoir is known for its tight lithology, strong heterogeneity, inadequate oil saturation, and abnormally low reservoir pressure, which collectively contribute to the highly differentiated mobility of tight oil within the formation. To overcome these challenges, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing oil mobility is essential. This study investigates the occurrence characteristics of movable fluids in different diagenetic facies and the corresponding influential factors by employing various microscopic experiments, including high-pressure mercury intrusion, constant-rate mercury intrusion, nuclear magnetic resonance test, scanning electron microscopy, pore-casted thin section analysis, and X-ray diffraction measurement. There is a weaker correlation between the pore-throat radius ratio and the movable fluid saturation in reservoirs of various diagenetic facies (R2 = 0.6104), whereas there is a stronger correlation between movable fluid saturation and throat radius (R2 = 0.9415). Among the seven types of diagenetic facies, chlorite membrane cementation-intergranular pore facies (Facies I) and chlorite and illite membrane cementation-intergranular pore facies (Facies II) have the best-developed throats and the highest coordination number. Illite cementation-intergranular pore facies (Facies III) and illite and chlorite membrane cementation-dissolution facies (Facies IV) demonstrate smaller pore-throat radii and moderate to poor reservoir connectivity. The other three facies, namely illite cementation-dissolution facies (Facies V), illite cementation facies (Facies VI), and carbonate tight cementation facies (Facies VII) exhibit underdeveloped pore structures and lower recovery rates. Pore-throat radius emerges as the principal factor influencing reservoir permeability and storage capacity. The distribution of favorable diagenetic facies is influenced by depositional environments, diagenetic processes, and microscopic pore-throat characteristics. This study significantly enhances our understanding of the differential occurrence characteristics of fluids in different diagenetic facies in the Chang 6 reservoir, providing valuable insights for future exploration and production endeavors aimed at optimizing oil recovery in tight sandstone reservoirs.

Investigating the Impact of Flow Profile on Heat Transfer in Nanofluid Flow: A Numerical Study

Assessing the profitability of an energy system requires careful consideration of various factors, including fluid characteristics, geometry shape, and operating conditions. This study investigates the influence of sinusoidal rib shapes, with different space ratios (e/b) ranging from 0 to 1, on heat transfer in nanofluid flow. The channel's upper surface is subjected to a uniform heat flux, employing Al2O3 nanofluid as the working fluid and varying Reynolds numbers from 5000 to 20000. Additionally, the effect of aluminum nanoparticle volume fraction, ranging from 0 to 6%, is analyzed. Simulation results indicate that the performance of the corrugated surface in the channel is significantly influenced by rib shapes and their geometrical parameters. The highest Performance Evaluation Criteria (PEC) index is achieved for ribs with a space ratio (e/b) of 0 at Reynolds number of 5000 and a volume fraction of 6% nanoparticles. Furthermore, the average Nusselt number shows an increasing trend with higher particle volume fraction and Reynolds numbers.

A mass transfer-based LES modelling methodology for analyzing the movement of submarine sediment flows with extensive shear behavior

This study employs the large-eddy simulation (LES) method to investigate the interaction of submarine sediment flows with extensive shear behavior and ambient water. This method is validated with good accuracy by simulating the head velocity and evolution geometries of a submarine mud flow with non-Newtonian fluid characteristics and a submarine turbidity current with Newtonian fluid characteristics in inclined and regular lock-exchange flume experiments. This study finds that the violent mass transfer at the interface of the submarine sediment flow and seawater is caused by numerous eddies, which significantly alter the submarine sediment flow's geometry, resulting in varying degrees of undulation, including the deposition pattern of the submarine sediment flow tail. The acceleration zone, where the velocity of the submarine sediment flow increases significantly at this undulation, propels the sediment flow forward, supporting its long-distance transport. Furthermore, the turbulence and mass transport characteristics of submarine turbidity currents with low dynamic viscosity Newtonian fluid characteristics are stronger than those of submarine mud flows with high dynamic viscosity non-Newtonian fluid characteristics. Therefore, when submarine landslides develop into later stages, such as submarine turbidity currents with high velocity, large volume, and long run-out distance characteristics, more attention must be given to the mass transport process.

Clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid changes, and prognosis in Chinese patients with autoimmune encephalitis.

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a rare, treatable disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by an antibody-related immune response. This study is to investigate the correlation of clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) characteristics, and prognosis in patients with AE. A total of 71 patients diagnosed with antibody-positive AE were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups: anti-NMDAR group, anti-LGI1 group, and other types. Clinical data were collected to analyze clinical features and CSF results, and prognosis was determined by modified Rankin Scale (mRS). There was statistical difference in the incidences of decreased consciousness level (P < 0.001), memory loss (P = 0.017), speech disorders (P = 0.035), and dyskinesia (P = 0.001) in different antibodies groups. Younger age (P = 0.018), elevated CSF chloride content (P = 0.006), and white blood cells > 50/mm3 (P = 0.026) were highly correlated with ICU admission. Anti-LGI1 encephalitis had a relatively small risk for ICU admission (P = 0.034), and a lower risk of poor functional recovery (P = 0.048) and recurrence (P = 0.041). Patients with first-line treatment failure (P = 0.021) had an increased risk of poor functional recovery. Delayed treatment (P = 0.011) would increase the risk of recurrence. There are differences in age, gender, clinical characteristics, and CSF results in different subtypes of AE. First-line therapy failure would have poor functional recovery, and delayed therapy would increase the risk of relapse. Chloride ion content and white blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid are positively correlated with the patient's exacerbation and admission to ICU. These indicators have certain clinical value for the prognosis of AE patients.

Rheological study of methane gas hydrates in the presence of micron-sized sand particles

Natural gas hydrates, intricate crystalline structures formed by water molecules and small gas molecules, have emerged as a significant and globally impactful clean energy resource. However, their commercial exploitation faces challenges, particularly operational disruptions caused by sand-related blockages. Understanding the rheological properties of hydrate slurry, especially in the presence of micron-sized sand particles, is imperative for ensuring the flow assurance of subsea hydrate exploitation. This study extensively investigates the rheological properties of sand-containing hydrate slurries. The findings reveal that these slurries exhibit non-Newtonian fluid characteristics, including yield stress, thixotropy, and shear-thinning behavior. Solid-like elastic features are observed in sand-containing hydrate slurries before yielding, transitioning to viscous behavior after yielding. Even with a minimal amount of sand, both static yield stress and yield strain experience substantial changes, correlating with the increase in sand concentration. The research conclusively establishes the thixotropic nature of sand–hydrate slurries, where the viscosity decay rate is directly influenced by the shear rate. These insights aim to contribute comprehensively to the development of effective flow assurance strategies, ensuring the safe and stable operation of subsea hydrate exploitation.

Effect of inoculating the Awassi rumen fluid with its counterpart from Iraqi buffaloes on in vitro digestibility coefficient of barley straw and some characteristics of the rumen fluid

The study was conducted at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad for the period from 3-30-2022 to 4-10-2022 with the aim of determining the extent of improvement or change in the rumen fluid of Awassi lambs after inoculation with Iraqi buffalo rumen fluid. 5 ratios of Iraqi buffalo rumen fluid were used. Which was collected immediately after slaughter and (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) represented the treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5) were added to the rumen fluid of Awassi lambs in in vitro digestion tubes to estimate the in vitro digestibility coefficient of the dry and organic matter of barley straw, pH, and total number of microorganisms in rumen fluid. The results showed a highly significant improvement (P&lt;0.01) for the treatments (T3, T4, and T5) in the in vitro digestibility coefficient of organic matter and dry matter compared to the two treatments (T1 and T2). The results also indicated a highly significant (P&lt;0.01) superiority in the pH value of the two treatments (T2 and T4) with buffalo rumen fluid compared to the other treatments depending on the timing during which the pH was measured. In the same context, the treatments (T3, T4, and T5) outperformed the total number of microorganisms, and the results showed highly significant differences (P&lt;0.01) for the two treatments (T3 and T4) in the total number of microorganisms compared to the treatments (T1, T2, and T5).From the results achieved above, we conclude that the two treatments (T3 and T4) for inoculation with buffalo rumen fluid were significantly superior in improving the in vitro digestibility coefficient of dry and organic matter and improving the characteristics of the rumen fluid in light of the results achieved above. This study is one of the first studies to improve the rumen environment in Awassi lambs through inoculation with different proportions of rumen fluid taken from Iraqi buffaloes after slaughter.

Impact of Inoculation of rumen fluid of Awassi lambs with ruminal fluid of Iraqi buffalo on in vitro digestion of Iraqi wild Reeds and some ruminal fluid characteristics

The study was conducted at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad for the period from 3-30-2022 until 4-10-2022 to determine the extent of improvement or change in the rumen fluid of Awassi lambs after inoculation with Iraqi buffalo rumen fluid, and 5 different percentages of Iraqi buffalo rumen fluid were used. Which was collected immediately after slaughter and (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) represented the parameters (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5). It was added to the rumen fluid of Awassi lambs in in vitro digestion tubes to estimate the in vitro digestibility coefficient for the dry and organic matter of the Iraqi wild Reeds, pH, and total number of microorganisms in rumen fluid. The results showed a highly significant increase (P&lt;0.01) for the two treatments (T4 and T5) in the in vitro digestibility coefficient of organic matter and dry matter compared to the treatments (T1, T2, and T3). While the digestibility coefficient of organic matter improved significantly compared to dry matter. The pH values recorded a highly significant increase (P&lt;0.01) after 9 and 12 hours for all treatments compared to their values after 6 hours of in vitro digestion. The results showed a highly significant (P&lt;0.01) superiority of the two treatments (T2 and T4) with buffalo rumen fluid in the pH values compared. With parameters (T1, T3, and T5) with different times during which the pH was measured. The treatments (T3, T4, and T5) were highly significantly (P&lt;0.01) superior in terms of the total number of microorganisms compared to the two inoculation treatments with buffalo rumen fluid (T1 and T2), while the two inoculation treatments (T3 and T5) recorded a highly significant (P&lt;0.01) superiority in The total number of microorganisms in rumen fluid compared to other treatments. From the results achieved above, we conclude that the treatments (T3, T4, and T5) are considered the best rates for inoculation with buffalo rumen fluid, and the T4 treatment is considered the best compared to other inoculation treatments.

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulations of integral multi-mode and fractional viscoelastic models

To capture specific characteristics of non-Newtonian fluids, during the past years fractional constitutive models have become increasingly popular. These models are able to capture, in a simple and compact way, the complex behaviour of viscoelastic materials, such as the change in power-law relaxation pattern during the relaxation process of some materials. Using the Lagrangian Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method we can easily track particle history; this allows us to solve integral constitutive models in a novel way, without relying on complex tasks.Hence, we develop here a SPH integral viscoelastic method which is first validated for simple Maxwell or Oldroyd-B models under Small Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (SAOS) and start-up channel flows. By exploiting the structure of the integral method, a multi-mode Maxwell model is then implemented. Finally, the method is extended to include fractional constitutive models, validating the approach by comparing results with theory.

Effect of Femtosecond‐Laser‐Induced Surface Textures on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg/Ti Dissimilar Alloys Laser Lap Welds: A Numerical and Experimental Study

The strength of the joints in the Mg/Ti laser welding is difficult to meet the requirement because of the metallurgical incompatibility. This study investigates the influence of microgroove width on the diffusion of molten Mg and the mechanical properties of joints by laser welding Ti6Al4V and AZ31B, employing femtosecond lasers to fabricate microgrooves on the surface of Ti alloys. The optimal contact angle of 56.4° is achieved at the microgroove width of 100 μm because the leading and trailing edges of the microgroove texture can stimulate the formation of the microriveted structure, facilitating the fluidity of the liquid AZ31B. The joint's tensile–shear capability is increased to 2449.9 N, which is 2.8 times stronger compared to joints without microgroove textures, when using a microgroove width of 100 μm and a laser power of 52%. The numerical simulation of the laser welding process was implemented to analyze the temperature field and the fluid characteristics within the melt pool. In the results, it is shown that the microgroove enhanced the material exchange at the interface and accelerated the interfacial reaction, which stimulates the formation of Ti–Al and Mg–Al intermetallic compounds at the central interface of the joint and enhances the Mg/Ti metallurgical bonding.

Radiation absorption effect on MHD natural convective flow past an impulsively started infinite vertical plate with chemical reaction and thermal radiation

AbstractThe current work is interested on investigating the impacts of thermal radiation, chemical reaction, and absorption radiation of a hydromagnetic convection‐free mass and heat transfer flow in case of an electrically conducting fluid that passes through a vertical plate moving impulsively. The analytical solutions of the governing momentum, energy, and species concentration equations with the initial and boundary conditions are obtained by the Laplace transformation technique. Graphs for fluid characteristics are used to analyze the impact of changing parametric quantities such as M, N, Sc, Kc, Q, Gr, Gm, and t on the temperature, velocity, concentration, and Sherwood number. We derive the engineering curiosity expressions for the Nusselt number and stress, and at the end, we tabulate and discuss the consequences of new parameters. The magnetic field effect and the chemical reaction are seen to diminish the fluid velocity and concentration, respectively, but in contrast, the absorption radiation effect is seen to accelerate both velocity and temperature. It is closely studied that the Nusselt number and skin friction values for hydrogen consistently exceed those for carbon monoxide.

A novel oscillating wave surge converter by hollowing out the flap bottom: Numerical studies using smoothed particle hydrodynamics

Oscillating wave surge converters (OWSCs) have been extensively investigated. However, previous studies have mainly optimized their structural parameters, and the OWSC cost has seldomly been considered. The optimized OWSC may be uneconomical. Therefore, this study proposes an improved method by examining the fluid characteristics near the OWSC flap and by hollowing out the flap bottom. Such a design can not only enhance the OWSC, but can also save material making it economical. Furthermore, the capture factor (CF) per flap height (CFH) was proposed to evaluate the OWSC. The CFH considers a material cost that is positively correlated with flap height. The Sobol sensitivity analysis results show that only the wave period, water depth, power take-off system damping, flap hollow top height, and flap top height must be considered when optimizing the OWSC. This reduces half of the parameter dimensions to be optimized, further reducing the calculation cost and time. When optimizing the improved OWSC and the original OWSC to maximize the CFH, the CFH of the former one is 2.22 times larger than that of the latter, which indicates a significant improvement in OWSC economy. This implies that improved OWSC and CFH should be adopted in practical engineering applications.

Reservoir fluid characterization of the Sokor1 Formation, Fana tectonic unit, Termit Basin, southeastern Niger Republic

Reservoir fluid characterization of the Sokor1 Formation, Fana tectonic unit, Termit Basin, southeastern Niger Republic

Numerical heat featuring in radiative convective ternary nanofluid under induced magnetic field and heat generating source

The study of nanoliquid characteristics and their heat performance have attracted the interest of engineers. These engineered fluids have high thermal conductivity due to which such liquids are reliable for different engineering applications including heating/cooling of buildings, thermal and mechanical engineering, etc. Therefore, the current research design provides a new ternary nanoliquid model for the heat transport process under induced magnetic field effects, mixed convection, heating source and thermal radiations. The modeling has been done by implementing the ternary fluid characteristics and supportive transformations and then for results simulation; bvp4c is coded successfully. It is scrutinized that a higher inductive magnetic field (0.1–0.4) and nanoparticles amount (0.01–0.07) are better to resist the movement while the wedge parameter ([Formula: see text] promotes it. By promoting the heating source, Eckert and [Formula: see text], the heat transfer process is observed rapidly while the mixed convective number [Formula: see text] controls it. Further, the particular used ternary nanoliquid is examined and found to be good for cooling purposes.