Character Structure Research Articles

An end-to-end model for multi-view scene text recognition

Due to the increasing applications of surveillance and monitoring such as person re-identification, vehicle re-identification and sports events tracking, the necessity of text detection and end-to-end recognition is also growing. Although the past deep learning-based models have addressed several challenges such as arbitrary-shaped text, multiple scripts, and variations in the geometric structure of characters, the scope of the models is limited to a single view. This paper presents an end-to-end model for text recognition through refining the multi-views of the same scene, which is called E2EMVSTR (End-to-End Model for Multi-View Scene Text Recognition). Considering the common characteristics shared in multi-view texts, we propose a cycle consistency pairwise similarity-based deep learning model to find texts more efficiently in three input views. Further, the extracted texts are supplied to a Siamese network and semi-supervised attention embedding combinational network for obtaining recognition results. The proposed model combines natural language processing and genetic algorithm models to restore missing character information and correct wrong recognition results. In experiments on our multi-view dataset and several benchmark datasets, the proposed method is proven effective compared to the state-of-the-art methods. The dataset and codes will be made available to the public upon acceptance.

The Cognition of Time Shaped by Linguistic Elements: Alphabetic Language and Ideographic Language

This study investigated the impact of language script on spatial cognition by comparing reaction times of native speakers of alphabetic languages and Chinese in response to horizontally and vertically arranged button groups. It is postulated that the linear, one-dimensional nature of alphabetic scripts may shape cognitive processing differently than the complex, two-dimensional Chinese characters. In the experiment, participants from both linguistic backgrounds were tasked with quickly responding to buttons arranged in both horizontal and vertical configurations. Results indicated that speakers of alphabetic languages exhibited significantly shorter reaction times for the horizontally oriented buttons compared to the Chinese speakers. Conversely, Chinese speakers demonstrated faster reaction times for vertically arranged buttons relative to the alphabetic language speakers. These results suggest that language script structure can influence spatial cognition. The linear, sequential arrangement inherent to alphabetic languages may predispose speakers to be more efficient in processing horizontally sequenced stimuli, while the two-dimensional structure of Chinese characters may confer an advantage in processing vertically presented information. Additionally, cultural factors, such as the traditional vertical writing and reading direction of Chinese script, may contribute to these differences. The findings provide preliminary support for the notion that language script can shape cognitive strategies for processing spatial information, with speakers of alphabetic languages and Chinese employing different strategies for horizontal and vertical spatial processing. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms, as well as the impact of early exposure to a specific script on spatial cognition.

MAKNA BENTUK VISUALISASI KEINDAHAN TOPENG PANJI DAN KLANA

Abstract: Indonesia has many diverse cultures, one of which is masks. The mask is a cultural and spiritual cultural heritage that functions as a face covering. This study aims to describe the ocular meaning of the character structure of the masks of Panji Asmarabangun and Klana Sewandana which includes the appearance of the two masks as objects. This research will focus more on the visualization meaning of Panji and Klana masks through discursive symbols. The approach used is a structuralism approach and a symbolic interpretation of culture. The method in this study used a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected through observational techniques and analyzed by Miles and Huberman's interactive theory from three stages, one of which was data reduction. Data reduction can be used by summarizing, then identifying the data that is the subject of discussion in the researcher. After that, the researcher presents the data, and draws conclusions until the data is completely saturated. The results of this study indicate that the Panji Asmarabangun mask has a good character embodiment in terms of aesthetics and meaning in the shape of the mask. Meanwhile, the Klana Sewandana mask has the embodiment of an evil character, full of anger through the interpretation of the aesthetic form of the mask.

Generating Structurally Complete Stylish Chinese Font Based on Semi-Supervised Model

Stylish fonts are widely utilized in social networks, driving research interest in stylish Chinese font generation. Most existing methods for generating Chinese characters rely on GAN-based deep learning approaches. However, persistent issues of mode collapse and missing structure in CycleGAN-generated results make font generation a formidable task. This paper introduces a unique semi-supervised model specifically designed for generating stylish Chinese fonts. By incorporating a small amount of paired data and stroke encoding as information into CycleGAN, our model effectively captures both the global structural features and local characteristics of Chinese characters. Additionally, an attention module has been added and refined to improve the connection between strokes and character structures. To enhance the model’s understanding of the global structure of Chinese characters and stroke encoding reconstruction, two loss functions are included. The integration of these components successfully alleviates mode collapse and structural errors. To assess the effectiveness of our approach, comprehensive visual and quantitative assessments are conducted, comparing our method with benchmark approaches on six diverse datasets. The results clearly demonstrate the superior performance of our method in generating stylish Chinese fonts.

Design of a Dual-Band WiFi Antenna Using the Theory of Characteristic Modes and Nested Chinese Characters

In this paper, a dual-band WiFi antenna and its Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system application is designed, fabricated, and measured based on the Chinese characters “Men” and “Wei”. The antenna uses a 40 × 40 × 1.6 mm3 FR4 substrate to analyze the combinatorial structure of Chinese characters using the theory of characteristic modes, to optimize the antenna dimensions by analyzing the mode current distribution, and to broaden the antenna bandwidth by etching rectangular slots on the ground. The measured and simulated results show that the four-element MIMO antenna covers 5.68–8.01 GHz, the isolation between the antennas is higher than 20 dB in the working band, the envelope correlation coefficient and the channel capacity losses of the simulation are lower than 0.001 and 0.18 bits/s/HZ, respectively. The efficiency of the antenna is higher than 90%, and it can be used for WiFi communication bands (5.8 GHz and 6 GHz).

Bilişsel İnşanın Yetisel Zeminini Oluşturan Kavramların Kur’an Bağlamında Analizi

The subject of this paper is the analysis of several Qurʾānic words related to the faculties through which man performs any action he wishes to do, including cognitive/intellectual construction, such as nafs, quwwa, istiṭāʿat, udhn, samʿ, taswiya, fiqh, waʿy, and ʿaql. The sub-headings of the research will be the concepts through which the faculties that are the means for the emergence of action and the state of possession of these faculties, which can be considered as a state of selfhood, are expressed; the character structure and process of the construction act and the actions performed through the faculties possessed; the concepts through which the structures that emerge as a result of this construction process and which are actually a target product that governs the whole process are expressed. The Qurʾān also contains an important vocabulary about concepts, which constitute the 'first stage' of the process of abstracting this final product through faculties. However, the fact that the culture in which the Qurʾān was born was an oral culture played an important role in the choice of abilities and materials during its construction and determined the character of the Qurʾān. Therefore, the study will focus on the concepts that considered to come to the fore as abilities and materials. We will try to describe how words which were the expression of these abilities and materials, were used in the process of construction, which could be considered as an act of abstraction and in a permeable and double-meaningful character. In the constructing the link between words, the methodological guidance of semantics will be followed. Analyzing these faculties, which are currently studied under cognitive psychology or cognitive sciences, in the Qurʾānic context and revealing the Qurʾān's unique approach to these capacities can provide seminal functions in the investigation of the construction of a new subject as a set of capacities. In conclusion, it has been observed that the analyzed words were used in a permeable character in a way to include an intellectual meaning rather than a pure sensory input; in this range, the sensory input, as the same thing, constructed the intellectual through itself; the Qurʾan, from this point of view, presented itself as an (intellectual) reminder/tadhkira as the place of the 'essence' that transcended perception in the form of sense; the content of the words was semantically changed while preserving their verbal quality. To add, among the findings is that one of the main points of analogy between God and man was realized through the concept of competence, and the Islamic understanding of divinity was built on this concept.

The structure of the novel character In the novel "The Ring of Sand" by the storyteller Fouad Al-Takarli - an applied study

The Flandra Road novel is one of the most famous works of the French writer Claude Simon, who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1985. His novel, which dates back to 1960, is full of indications that show the extent to which the writer was affected by the horrors of war, especially the First and Second World Wars. He is a soldier who escaped from Nazi prisons. In addition to being greatly affected by France's defeats in wars ago. This is what left its influence on the plot of Flandra Road and the linguistic style used in it. The reader of the novel finds himself in front of unfamiliar linguistic methods, the writer's intention to include them in a way that draws attention, as if it is an implicit message that needs to be read between its lines, and this is the goal of the research that sheds light on three themes that were chosen to be studied and analyzed in order to know the motives for their appearance in this text. The writer deliberately fragmented the language in the narrative text. For example, the narrator appears once with the pronoun (I) and again with the pronoun (he), which refers to George, the main character, who is lost with his companions in the forests of Flandra. The second theme of the research deals with the frequent use of the subject's noun and the relationship of this use with the writer's influence on drawing and photography. As for the last axis, it deals with punctuation marks that disappear in some places, such as: comma, period, and quotation marks, especially in direct speech, or those that are repeated, such as parentheses, for example, in many passages within the novel.

The Personality Structure and Defense Mechanism of The Main Character In The Euphoria Series (2019)

Abstract
 The research presented here focuses on Rue Bennett, the protagonist of the film series Euphoria. Using Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory as a guide, the goal of this study is to determine Rue Bennett's personality structure and analyze her protective mechanisms. In this study, qualitative approaches and descriptive analysis are utilized to analyze data through the lens of psychoanalytic theory in relation to personality structure and defensive mechanisms in films. Utilizing these methodologies, this hypothesis is incorporated into the research. The information is gathered from both the script's speech and the film's pictures. Rue Bennett, a 17-year-old adolescent, has developed a drug dependence in order to reduce the overwhelming anxiety she encounters, according to the findings. As a result, Rue's anxiety problem has caused an uneven personality structure as a consequence of the ailment. Her id takes precedence over her superego when it comes to the causes of her anxiety and panic attacks. Even though Rue employs a variety of defensive mechanisms, including denial, projection, and fantasy. These are insufficient to assist her in overcoming her traumatic experiences and anxieties.

Structural organization of epidermis in leaves of extant species of <em>Gnetum</em> L. (Gnetales) and Middle Jurassic Bennettitales

An attempt to assess the identification and evaluation of correlations between the epidermal characters of leaves in Bennettitales and the comparison of the results with the structural organization of leaves of extant plants has been carried out. Epidermis of four species of Gnetum L. and four species of Jurassic Bennettitales (Nilssoniopteris Nathorst and Ptilophyllum Morris) was studied. The coefficients of variation for epidermal characters Gnetum range from 6.4 to 24.0 %, Ptilophyllum — 15.7–63.5 % and Nilssoniopteris — 18.0–39.9 %. In both groups of plants, the sinuosity of the tangential cell walls of the epidermal cells in the upper and lower epidermis is a stable character (Cv ≤ 18.0 %). In the Ptilophyllum and Gnetum, the length of stomata demonstrates a low level of variability (Cv ≤ 16.8 %). A significant range of the coefficients of variation in both Gnetum and Bennettitales show the number of epidermal cells per 1 mm2 of the upper and lower epidermis (17.5 % ≤ Сv ≤ 31.9 %), the area of the epidermal cells in the upper and lower epidermis (21.2 % ≤ Сv ≤ 63.5 %) and the number of stomata per 1 mm2 of epidermis (29.3 % ≤ Сv ≤ 39.9 %). Similarities in the correlation structure of the epidermal characters are revealed in correlations between sinuosity of the tangential cell walls of the epidermis, the number of stomata per 1 mm2 and their size; the length of stomata and the number of epidermal cells; stomatal index and the number of epidermal cells of the epidermis. In Gnetum, the number of differentiated stomata correlates with the number of aborted stomata. In N. angustifolia and P. caucasicum, the number of stomata correlates with the number of papillae per 1 mm2. Similarities in correlational structure of epidermis in Nilssoniopteris, Ptilophyllum, and Gnetum could be ecological adaptations or ontogenetic characters, such as the development of stomata that has been described by other researchers.

Experimental-computational approach to investigate elastic properties of struvite.

The research presented in the paper concerns the elastic properties of struvite. The article combines theoretical and experimental research. Experimental studies were carried out on struvite single crystals grown in sodium metasilicate gel by single diffusion. This unique method leads to obtaining crystals of sufficiently large size to conduct, for the first time, experimental measurement of elastic properties of monocrystalline struvite. Using the nanoindentation method, the Ez = 29.1 ± 0.7GPa value of the component of Young's modulus was determined for a struvite single crystal. In addition, the elastic constants C11, C22, and C33 were determined using micro-Brillouin spectroscopy. Theoretical calculations of the abovementioned properties have been carried out by employing density functional theory methods. Scaling of the theoretical elastic constants leads to obtaining good agreement with the experimental values. Values of the Ex and Ey components of the Young's modulus, not available from the experimental nanoindentation technique, have been determined theoretically as 23GPa and 27GPa, respectively. Differences in the values of elastic components and Young's modulus components are related to the layered crystal structure of struvite and directional character of the hydrogen-bonding pattern.

Visual analysis of inscriptions in the Tang Dynasty: a case study on the calligraphy style of Wang Xizhi

The art of inscriptions is one of the most important components of the glorious ancient culture in China. It is an essential method not only for ancients to record history and disseminate culture but also to provide original written and pictorial records for subsequent generations to learn about ancient Chinese culture. However, the art of inscriptions and calligraphy is currently not widely available because of its professional chirography, style and composition. Moreover, traditional calligraphy exhibitions cannot provide the public with an interactive and intuitive way to present the features of Chinese characters, such as stroke thickness. Therefore, in this paper, we present an interactive visual system to support the public in understanding and appreciating the calligraphic style of the inscriptions of the Tang Dynasty and the evolutionary path of the calligraphic style of Wang Xizhi. We first employ image processing technology to extract calligraphy features. Then, we help users explore the development of calligraphy from the spatial-temporal dimension and analyze the similarity between the works at two granularity levels: Chinese character structure and the works’ style. Furthermore, the system also provides a metaphorical visualization method to enhance the concretization of calligraphic appreciation. Case studies and comprehensive evaluation demonstrate the usability of our proposed visual analysis system of the calligraphic style of the inscriptions in the Tang Dynasty.

<최고운전> 독서교육 방법 연구

This study is to propose the oriented value and activity method of reading education of <ChoiGoWoonCheon> based on the class goal of 'reading and writing' specified in the <2022 Revised Korean Language Curriculum> announced by the Ministry of Education. Choi Chiwon in <ChoiGoWoonCheon> overcomes a national crisis with not the forces but the power of culture. Therefore reading education should be to discover the oriented values of cultural heroes. The method of expression activities was designed to include the ‘visioning the narratives’ as reading of the text in detail, ‘virtual casting’ to integrally recognize the character of the main character, 'tracking the journey of search' to organize the exploration structure of the main character, and 'media production' as a creative expression activity.

素荃 孫在馨 <李忠武公碧波津戰捷碑文>의 조형 특징 연구

Sojeon Son Jaehyeong(素荃 孫在馨) is a representative calligrapher in the modern and contemporary Korean calligraphy field in the 20th century, as well as an educator, politician, collector, connoisseur, art administrator, etc. The contents of the <Inscription of the Monument for Lee Chungmugong’s Victory at Byeokpajin Battle> was composed on August 29, 1956, by Nosan Lee Eunsang in Hangeul mixed with classical Chinese characters, and Son Jaehyeong inscribed it with a brush. Son Jaehyeong's creativity in Hangeul calligraphy lies in applying the formativeness and calligraphic method of seal script, clerical script, regular script of the Tang Dynasty, and the school of learning from the stela of the Qing Dynasty to Hangeul calligraphy works. Son Jaehyeong searched for a creative way to apply the classical Chinese calligraphy style to the Hangeul calligraphy style, and his contribution to the history of modern and contemporary Korean calligraphy lies in that he opened up his world of calligraphy creation by breaking away from the level of imitating the old blindly. The character structure and disposition of the <Inscription of the Monument for Lee Chungmugong’s Victory at Byeokpajin Battle> are the best examples of this. It is a work that shows creativity that goes beyond conventional forms in the history of modern and contemporary Korean calligraphy. It also contains the beauty of Son Jaehyeong's unique modern formative sense, which he achieved through research on the traditional Hangeul calligraphy and obsession with the ancient methods of classical Chinese calligraphy. This beauty emerges concretely in terms of the formative features of taking the abnormality as the rightness(以奇爲正) and making the whole harmonious through the response of front and back strokes(救應圓融). The formative characteristics of taking the abnormality as the rightness developed into the aesthetics of seal script, clerical script, and regular script expressed in the character structure and disposition, and the features of making the whole harmonious through the response of before and after strokes transformed the formativeness and strokes of the ancient Hangeul calligraphic style into work with his individuality. In conclusion, I found that Son Jaehyeong's <Inscription of the Monument for Lee Chungmugong’s Victory at Byeokpajin Battle> contains the spirit of calligraphy aimed at creative fusion based on the aesthetic view of fusing various calligraphic styles.

Schistonchus pumilae n. sp. isolated from syconia of a creeper fig, Ficus pumila L. from the Japanese warm temperate zone

Summary A Schistonchus species was isolated from the syconia of the creeping fig, Ficus pumila, collected from Miyazaki, Japan. The nematode was considered an undescribed species based on its typological characters, molecular profiles (near full length of small subunit and D3 expansion segment of large subunit of RNA) and phylogenetic status inferred from these two loci. The new species is characterised by the presence of flagellate sperm, spicule possessing small condylus, triangular rostrum with bluntly pointed tip and clear dorsal and ventral limbs, structure and arrangement of male caudal papillae, i.e., presence of papilliform P3 and P3a and small and gland opening-like P4 (glandpapillae), relatively short post-uterine sac and female tail forming elongate conoid. It is phylogenetically close to S. hirtus. However, the new species is distinguished from other nominal Schistonchus species by its female tail shape forming elongate conoid, the structure and arrangement of male caudal papillae and several other typological characters. In addition, the host fig of the nematode, F. pumila, is a creeper fig species belonging to subgenus Synoecia (section Rhizocladus; subsection Plagiostigma), from which no fig-associated nematode has been reported so far, i.e., the present study is the first report of Schistonchus (and other syconia-inhabiting nematodes) from the Ficus subgenus Synoecia.

PSIKOLOGI TOKOH UTAMA DALAM NASKAH DRAMA KERETA KENCANA KARYA EUGENE ICONESCO TERJEMAHAN WS RENDRA

This research was conducted with the aim of describing the psychology of the main character in the drama script "Kereta Kencana" by W.S Rendra such as aspects and structure of his personality. The data in this study is qualitative data based on data narration and description, so that qualitative research is more dominant using interpretative exposure rather than using numbers. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. Qualitative research is a method that pays attention to scientific data, data in relation to the context of its existence. The personality structure of the main characters, namely Grandpa and Grandmother, consists of the id, ego, and superego.

Defensive Style in Bioenergetic Therapy

The concept of defensive style provides a rich addition to the understanding of our clients and the factors which inhibit their joy in life and satisfaction in relationships. Defensive style differs from character structure. But, like character structure, it can be viewed through observations of a client’s body in addition to memories of childhood relational experiences. This paper explores the lens of defensive style, explains how it differs from character structure, and includes bioenergetic methods to observe defensive style in a client. It includes the work of Len Carlino along with a diagnostic tool by Schroeter and Thomson. Case examples of using this understanding to help clients are sprinkled throughout. The paper ends with a tribute to Len Carlino, Ph.D, IIBA International Trainer, for his valuable reminder that working through defensive style and character structure require a life long commitment.

البنية الشخصية في رواية "أم سعد" لغسان كنفاني

The study discusses the forms of personal character structure in the novel "Umm Saad" by Ghassan Kanafani, due to the behavior of colors and the specifications of their internal elements. The approach in it is a descriptive and analytical approach, namely describing the novel and analyzing it with the inclusion of Sigmund Freud's literary psychology. The results obtained by the author are id quotes one, ego quotes four, and superego quotes one and that is the actual psychological reality, because the id is the inner world or human subjectivity, and there is no direct contact with the objective world. And the inner aspect contains things that are born from birth. Ego is the aspect of personality that is responsible for dealing with reality. As for id, it is a single quote because it is the inner world or human subjectivity, and has no direct relationship with the purpose of the world. The inner aspect contains biological elements of instinct and is also a "warehouse" of psychic energy that drives the ego and superego. And the ego is an empathetic quote to see that Umm Saad's ego position can overcome the nature of her identity. Superego quote one is actually very worried and wants to bring the kids home but he realizes that the kids are fighting for their country

Meta-linguistic awareness skills in Chinese-speaking children with hyperlexia: A single-case study.

The aim of the study is to examine the meta-linguistic awareness skills contributing to reading aloud in a Chinese-speaking child with hyperlexia. Case study approach was used with one case of hyperlexia (TYH) and two control groups: typically developing (TD) children matched for chronological age (CA) and TD children matched for mental ability (MA). A battery of phonological, morphological, and orthographic awareness skill tests were administered. Results from the modified t-test found that the hyperlexic child did not demonstrate advanced meta-linguistic awareness skills in comparison with the two control groups. On the contrary, TYH's morphological awareness skills were even lower than the CA control group. Also, in the orthographic awareness test, TYH demonstrated weaker knowledge of character structure and components than the two control groups although his ability in the recognition of real words is intact. In addition, the predictability of orthographic awareness skill was comparable to the CA group with predicted score showed no difference to his obtained score, while TYH achieved a significantly higher reading score than what his morphological awareness skills should predict with reference to TD children of similar age; as well as what his phonological awareness skill predict with reference to the MA group. The findings suggest that TYH can achieve advanced reading ability with comparable phonological and orthographic awareness skill, despite his weakness in morphological awareness. It is concluded that the hyperlexic reading in Chinese might be achieved through the direct mapping between the whole character and the sound.

W świecie pozorów: kino sensacyjne Patryka Vegi

The article discusses the cinematic works of Patryk Vega, with particular emphasis on his action movies. By analyzing the action elements in his films, their plot and narrative structures, the structure of characters and the relations between them, the author seeks to answer the question what exactly is the ideological message the artist serves to his viewers. The director refers to his conviction about the conspiratorial ordering of the world, smuggles a grim and pessimistic worldview into his films and rarely gives the viewer even a glimmer of hope for a way out of the snare. Faith in God is presented as a kind of salvation. However, it turns out to be a false chance for redemption in a world without God.

Research on the Formation of Chinese Characters

Alphabetical writing systems use letters that are closely related to speech to record speech. However, the glyphs of Chinese characters do not directly express sounds, and the ideographic mechanism between the glyphs and their meanings is not transparent. We analysed the relationship between the glyphs and meanings of nine thousand Chinese characters and found that the combination of elements in the glyph constructs certain imagery, and this imagery is a psychological representation of the experience informing the concept of the character, so the meaning and glyph of the characters are ideographically connected. In other words, the formation of Chinese characters is to use a small number of basic components with images to combine with each other to construct different imageries, so that the imagery can metaphor the meaning of the Chinese characters, including polysemy. In order to search for these imageries scientifically we propose four necessary conditions that the imageries sought must meet. We use the many related meanings derived from the configuration to infer the imagery of the configuration, so that this imagery can explain the meanings of the characters. In the end, we found out the imagery and structure these nine thousand Chinese characters, summarized the five combination modes of Chinese characters, and extended these combination modes to multi-character words combining characters and characters. These results reveal the ideographic mechanism of the hierarchical combination of the internal structure of Chinese characters and their imagery, unearth the interpretable imagery and knowledge that directly represent the meaning of Chinese characters, and help propose a guiding theory for character word formation in the Chinese writing system.