Bilişsel İnşanın Yetisel Zeminini Oluşturan Kavramların Kur’an Bağlamında Analizi

Abstract

The subject of this paper is the analysis of several Qurʾānic words related to the faculties through which man performs any action he wishes to do, including cognitive/intellectual construction, such as nafs, quwwa, istiṭāʿat, udhn, samʿ, taswiya, fiqh, waʿy, and ʿaql. The sub-headings of the research will be the concepts through which the faculties that are the means for the emergence of action and the state of possession of these faculties, which can be considered as a state of selfhood, are expressed; the character structure and process of the construction act and the actions performed through the faculties possessed; the concepts through which the structures that emerge as a result of this construction process and which are actually a target product that governs the whole process are expressed. The Qurʾān also contains an important vocabulary about concepts, which constitute the 'first stage' of the process of abstracting this final product through faculties. However, the fact that the culture in which the Qurʾān was born was an oral culture played an important role in the choice of abilities and materials during its construction and determined the character of the Qurʾān. Therefore, the study will focus on the concepts that considered to come to the fore as abilities and materials. We will try to describe how words which were the expression of these abilities and materials, were used in the process of construction, which could be considered as an act of abstraction and in a permeable and double-meaningful character. In the constructing the link between words, the methodological guidance of semantics will be followed. Analyzing these faculties, which are currently studied under cognitive psychology or cognitive sciences, in the Qurʾānic context and revealing the Qurʾān's unique approach to these capacities can provide seminal functions in the investigation of the construction of a new subject as a set of capacities. In conclusion, it has been observed that the analyzed words were used in a permeable character in a way to include an intellectual meaning rather than a pure sensory input; in this range, the sensory input, as the same thing, constructed the intellectual through itself; the Qurʾan, from this point of view, presented itself as an (intellectual) reminder/tadhkira as the place of the 'essence' that transcended perception in the form of sense; the content of the words was semantically changed while preserving their verbal quality. To add, among the findings is that one of the main points of analogy between God and man was realized through the concept of competence, and the Islamic understanding of divinity was built on this concept.