Pend-nâme-i Attâr’ın Türkçe Şerhlerinde Kadına Bakış Açısı ve Eril Dilin Tespiti

Abstract

One of the mirrors that best reflects the definition, meaning, feeling, course, change, and transformation of the image of women, which is hidden and censored in the subconscious of social memory, is literary literature. In pend-nāmas, one of the genres that show the view of classical Turkish literature on things, women, and society, the ideal society is imagined, and what the individual should do for this is explained in a simple and understandable style. This study aims to determine the perspective of the poet, the commentator, and thus the society on women, to try to read the place of women in society and to identify the masculine language used in these texts based on the commentaries made by the commentators of the classical Turkish literature period on Pend-nāme-i Attâr, one of the essential works of Persian literature. Although feminist research and gender studies have developed since the 1970s-1980s, it is possible to trace women in texts written in much earlier periods, considering that women are the mothers of society and the generation begins with her. Thus, it will be easier to follow the development of the centuries-long story of women and the changing perspective over time. In this study, in which the document analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used, the largest Pend-nāme-i Attâr commentaries written in the 18th and 19th centuries in Turkish literature were preferred. The commentaries of the commentators on the source couplets in which women are in question were determined, and the intention was read. As a result, based on these commentaries, it was understood that it was not "women" but "women with bad morals" who were criticized. It has been concluded that the view that women with bad morals are beings who cause men to fall into heedlessness and, therefore, should be avoided has gained weight. The reason for the heavy criticism is that women have a high transformative and transformative effect on men and, thus, on society. In short, a woman is a man's weakness, and resisting her requires a strong will. Being aware of this, the masculine mentality actually appeals to its own ego by giving her advice. This emphasizes the fact that men and women are complementary beings and that the degradation of one inevitably leads to the degradation of the other. It is scientifically unsatisfactory to draw general conclusions from a few texts. For this reason, other texts of classical Turkish literature, which has a wide range of genres, should be analyzed one by one, and different perspectives, if any, should be identified. Subsequently, the reasons for the exclusion of women, their being regarded as half-witted, and their being regarded as passive being who must be constantly taken care of and managed will be explained with more concrete and realistic justifications.