Chaotic Situation Research Articles

Analysis of Personality Conflicts of The Characters in The Novel Az-Zayni Barakat by Jamal Al-Ghithanii (A Study of Sigmund Freud's Literary Psychoanalysis)

Personality conflict using a literary psychology approach is a way to study the behavior of characters in a literary work. With psychological science, readers will explore the mental state of the characters in the literary work. This novel tells the story of Zayni Barakat, a prominent Egyptian muhtasib who also served as governor of Cairo at the end of the Mamluk dynasty. In the Mamluk era, a muhtasib was not only authorized to control the market situation, but also to monitor the behavior and morals of the people. And as governor, in the midst of a chaotic political and security situation, he controlled the corrupt city through a network of spies and whistleblowers. Zayni Barakat was a pious and praiseworthy leader, honest and just, wise and with integrity, strong and decisive, disciplined and effective. He was much loved by his people. His partiality to the people is evident from his indiscriminate attitude towards the rich and the poor as well as the strong and the weak; he is also not reluctant to communicate directly with the small people, something that was impossible for any leader to do before. The descriptive method of analysis is carried out by describing the facts which are then followed by analysis. Etymologically descriptive analysis means describing based on Sigmund Freud's personality theory, it can be grouped into three parts, namely the conflict between id and ego, id and superego, and ego and superego. the conflict between id and ego is a conflict that occurs between the desires of an individual with rationality, the existing reality. The characters who experience conflict between id and ego are Vizcounti Gianti, Zayni Barakat, Attar, Zakariyya bin Radi and Amr bin al-Adawi.

Theistic Democracy Studies Hadith Analysis Deliberations in Contemporary Islamic Political Ethics

Islam is a religion that exists as a religion today, where many universal questions are discussed, one of the main topics of today's big questions is democracy in politics. Although Islam talks about democracy, ironically, Islam itself does not specifically mention the ideal form of a political system. In this context, the discussion about the ideal political formula becomes clearly important among Muslims in modern times, especially against the backdrop of Western civilization which can be said to have destroyed Muslims with its culture. In the midst of this chaotic situation, contemporary Muslim intellectuals present as Muslim thinkers who seek to present the "ideal" concept of modern Islamic politics. In this study, the author tries to emphasize that the substantive principles of Islam must be applied in the country's political system, in this case theistic democracy exists as a legacy from the problematic modern state. Democracy, or deliberation in Islamic nomenclature, is one of the ethical values ​​of constitutional politics in current political life.

The Second Treaty of Erzurum and the Ottoman-Qajar border problem and their influence on Blbas (1847-1880)

Blbas was a tribal union and consisted of Mamash, Mangur, Piran, San, Ramk, Hormzyar and Gowrk tribes in the nineteenth century. They mostly lived a semi-nomadic life in Garmian and the deserted areas caused not comply with the regulations and restrictions of the Ottoman and Qajar states. As their long-standing tradition with the drop in temperatures and getting cold, they were heading to the hot areas of the Ottoman State (South of Kurdistan), and with the rise in temperatures and decrease in the pasture, they were moving to the highlands of Qajar state (East of Kurdistan). The migration and movement of the Blbas tribes began to cross the border and violated the provisions of the peace treaties between them, so the two countries accused the Blbas tribes of being the source of instability and crossing borders. In their treaty and border protocols, both countries have consistently referred directly or indirectly to the Blbas, they planned to oblige the tribes to take orders from the central governments and be inhabited in a specific area. The Ottoman and Qajar states used different techniques to abide the Blbas tribes such as; joint military attacks, tricks and deceptions, and creating conflicts among them. All this reveals the fact that the tribes of Blbas never gave up while they have been located in an important geopolitical position. Their courage and lack of surrender to the continuous ambitions of both states, they have always lived in an unstable and chaotic situation. They have become the major issue of the treaties and documents of the time when the Ottoman and Qajar states had a decisive impact on the history of the events in the region.

Post – Partition Chaos in Mohan Rakesh’s "The Claim"

This paper attempts to analyze the representation of the Indo-Pak partition violence and the chaos aftermath in fictional works especially focusing on Mohan Rakesh's short story "The claim" using the critical insights of trauma theory. An effort is made to show how Rakesh is different from general fictional writers who just write from single perspective and never try to be realistic in the act of representation. Such writers either use the language of otherness or martyrdom. It means, they either glorify or villainies Hindus or Muslims. In contrast, the writer is nearer to reality in presenting the suffering related to partition violence. This research work reveals how Rakesh does not blame any side but artistically shows the real trauma caused by the event of partition to simple people. He presents all four main characters as victims of the partition event and attempts to expose the chaotic situation in post- partition India. It shows how Rakesh blames the bureaucracy of India for making the situation more traumatic by delaying the task of providing compensation for the victims of the partition. Analyzing the data from the primary text using the critical ideas of trauma theorists especially Gyanendra Pandey about the violence, trauma and representation, this paper discusses about the literary representation of the cultural trauma. It tries to reveal how realistically Rakesh presents the continuity of the chaotic situation in India even after the partition event.

Literature and Social Entrepreneurship: Shadrach Ambanasom’s Artistic Vision of Dudum in Son of the Native Soil

This paper investigates the intersection between literature and social entrepreneurship in Shadrach Ambanasom’s Son of the Native Soil. His work has been interpreted from different perspectives by scholars and researchers and the intention of this paper is not to duplicate those interpretations of meanings but to demonstrate how Ambanasom uses the above mentioned-text to lay bare his artistic vision as a social entrepreneur and identify the causes of the general human suffering in order to carve a path for the future. Through a careful reading of the text, this paper demonstrates that the problem leading to the chaotic situation in Ambanasom’s society is the lack of appropriate human resources especially at the level of those who hold major positions in the society and not just political, historical and geographical issues as many have pointed out. Through a new historicist lens, the findings revealed that the inability of some people in cardinal positions to consult their consciences and exercise justice is the main cause of the unresolved conflict in the imaginary society of Dudum. The conclusion here is that the main problem faced by this society is strictly moral. The study assumes that the leaders in key positions should act in conformity to the social normative charter to encourage development and peace.

Regional Anaesthesia with Non Invasive Ventilation and Conscious Sedation: An Alternative to General Anaesthesia in Morbidly Obese Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery

Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) is a syndrome characterized by obstruction in the upper airway during sleep. OSA patients undergoing procedures under GA are at increased risk for hypoxemia, pneumonia, difficult intubation, atelactasis, myocardial infarction making it a challenge for anesthesiologist. Retrograde intrarenal surgery(RIRS) is normally performed under GA to prevent respiratory embaracement. There are very few studies focusing on Regional anesthesia in RIRS procedure. A Sixty-three-year-old male known case of morbid obesity (BMI- 35 kg/meter square), OSA (on CPAP support at night) presented with left renal pelvis calculus, STOP BANG score (=5) therefore making it a case of difficult airway. Respiratory discomfort improved at 30-35-degree head up due to existing OSA considering the severe OSA and anticipated difficult airway, the surgery was planned under Lumbar subarachnoid block with preparation for management of difficult airway if conversion to GA required. 3 ml of 0.5 percent Bupivacaine heavy and 25 mcg fentanyl injected into subarachnoid space. T6 level block acheived after 3 minutes. The patient was put on his home CPAP machine with 5cm H2O PEEP. The patient was maintained on sponatneous ventilation and monitored using Etco2 at aliquot of 1mg midazolam given to mimic natural sleep pattern. The surgery was uneventful and the risk of induction of GA and difficult intubation was succesfully avoided. Patient with regional anaesthesia who are prone to converted to GA due to multiple risk factors, i.e., OSA with anticipated difficult airway can create a chaotic situation. So as a preliminary step NIV can be used, and along with it, mild sedation can be supplemented to improve acceptance and to avoid asynchrony. In this case NIV was used as a preemptive ventilation strategy even before actual requirement of BiPAP by mimicing the natural sleep pattern and make patient comfortable while a smooth conductance of the procedure.

Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan’s (TTP) Threat Spectrum: Assessing Pakistan’s Counter-Terrorism Policy in Post-US Withdrawal Era

The Afghan Taliban administration has precipitated a substantial shift in regional politics due to the power vacuum left in the wake of the US withdrawal. After the Taliban takeover, Afghanistan has witnessed immense economic challenges, political crises, and security challenges in Afghanistan. Consequently, the chaotic situation in Kabul generated a substantial threat to Pakistan’s security. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) threat spectrum for Pakistan and its Counter-Terrorism Policy in the post-US withdrawal era. This study adopted a purely qualitative method and collected primary data from the relevant experts through semi-structured interviews. Moreover, it comprehensively discusses and analyses Pakistan’s rising security concerns due to the reactivation of TTP in the post-US withdrawal period. The results expose that Pakistan faces various security challenges from Afghan soil in the post-US withdrawal. Unstable Afghanistan and TTP’s reactive mod on the Taliban conquering return some indispensable challenges for Pakistan’s security and stability. Finally, the findings of the study suggest that fostering cordial relations with the Afghan Taliban administration and proactive countering terrorism policies are crucial for Islamabad to preserve its security interests, particularly countering TTP’s threat. Afghanistan and Pakistan should adopt a collaborative approach and prioritize cooperation and mutual trust for eliminating the transborder terrorism to achieve. These practical measures will not only contribute to reducing radicalism, terrorism, and sectarianism but also achieve peace and prosperity on both sides.

The first mitogenomic phylogenetic framework of Dorcus sensu lato (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), with an emphasis on generic taxonomy in Eastern Asia

BackgroundDorcus stag beetles in broad sense are one of the most diverse group in Lucanidae and important saproxylic insects playing a crucial role in nutrient recycling and forest biomonitoring. However, the dazzling morphological differentiations have caused numerous systematic confusion within the big genus, especially the puzzlingly generic taxonomy. So far, there is lack of molecular phylogenetic study to address the chaotic situation. In this study, we undertook mitochondrial genome sequencing of 42 representative species including 18 newly-sequenced ones from Eastern Asia and reconstructed the phylogenetic framework of stag beetles in Dorcus sensu lato for the first time.ResultsThe mitogenome datasets of Dorcus species have indicated the variable mitogenomic lengths ranged from 15,785 to 19,813 bp. Each mitogenome contained 13 PCGs, 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and a control region, and all PCGs were under strong purifying selection (Ka/Ks < 1). Notably, we have identified the presence of a substantial intergenic spacer (IGS) between the trnAser (UCN) and NAD1 genes, with varying lengths ranging from 129 bp (in D. hansi) to 158 bp (in D. tityus). The mitogenomic phylogenetic analysis of 42 species showed that Eastern Asia Dorcus was monophyletic, and divided into eight clades with significant genetic distance. Four of them, Clade VIII, VII, VI and I are clustered by the representative species of Serrognathus Motschulsky, Kirchnerius Schenk, Falcicornis Séguy and Dorcus s.s. respectively, which supported their fully generic positions as the previous morphological study presented. The topology also showed the remaining clades were distinctly separated from the species of Dorcus sensu lato, which implied that each of them might demonstrate independent generic status. The Linnaeus nomenclatures were suggested as Eurydorcus Didier stat. res., Eurytrachellelus Didier stat. res., Hemisodorcus Thomson stat. res. and Velutinodorcus Maes stat. res. For Clade V, IV, III and II respectively.ConclusionThis study recognized the monophyly of Dorcus stag beetles and provided a framework for the molecular phylogeny of this group for the first time. The newly generated mitogenomic data serves as a valuable resource for future investigations on lucanid beetles. The generic relationship would facilitate the systematics of Dorcus stag beetles and thus be useful for exploring their evolutionary, ecological, and conservation aspects.

Learnings from Shri Adi Shankara’s Life: A Management Perspective

Religion, philosophy, science, and management cannot work in isolation in the long run. These need to be harmonized and synchronized for the success of a society. It is also needed to live, feel and practice a balanced and ideal life and is imperative for a successful and great leader. Shri Adi Shankara is one of the greatest philosophers the world has ever seen. He was not only a Tattva Jnani (man of wisdom), but also a great expert in managing worldly affairs. During the 8th century, a chaotic situation prevailed in the Hindu society of Bharata Desha (India) with its very existence in jeopardy and its values, culture, and traditions in peril, on the verge of vanishing. Shri Adi Shankara strode across the country debating with scholars and propounding his philosophy of Advaita (Non-duality) and unifying people of differing viewpoints. Without him, Hindu religion would not have been in subsistence. Keeping this in view, an attempt is made in this paper to discuss the management perspectives that emerge from the life, works, and teachings of Jagadguru Shri Adi Shankara Bhagavatpaada. It looks at his leadership qualities and the effort he made at integrating India into one unified whole. Keywords: Adi Shankara, Philosophy, Hinduism, Management Learnings

발해 역사 속의 變革의 순간들

This study analyzed the changes in the history of Balhae in terms of the migration of the capital and the position of the royal family, focusing on the literary history and the newly discovered ancient knowledge. In the early 2000s, the tombs of two Balhae kings were discovered at Mt.Yongdu(龍頭山), and Balhae's hometown and capital were roughly narrowed down to the area of Yanbian County, Jilin Province, China, and Ningan, Heilongjiang Province. The ‘old country(舊國)’ is Balhae in the old Goguryeo region, and the ‘new country(新國)’ that was moved can be said to be the new Balhae in Sanggyeong(上京). The transfer of the capital from Donggyeong(東京) to Sanggyeong was clearly a changeable event in the history of Balhae in that it was a departure from the ‘old country.’ A transformative event in the royal family of Balhae was the death of King Wen(文王) and the ascension of Daewonui(大元義), King Kang(康王) Daesungrin(大嵩璘), and King Seonwang(宣王) Daeinsu(大仁秀). occurred during the process. The elements of coup d'état seen in Daesungrin's accession to the throne can be seen in the fact that he went through quite a few hardships before ascending to the throne, and that Daesungrin only received the title of honor held by King Wen after requesting it from the Tang Dynasty. In a common space called 'Jinneungdae(珍陵臺)', where the tombs of Princess Jeonghyo(貞孝) are located, along with Empress Sunmok (順穆皇后), the queen of King Gan(簡王), and Empress Hyoeui(孝懿皇后), the queen of King Mun(文王), it is also nearby. The fact that they are buried reveals that they have a close and friendly relationship with each other. Dae Insu's accession to the throne was the most important moment of change in the history of Balhae in that it brought about a change in the royal lineage from the Daejoyeong(大祚榮) lineage to the Daeyabal(大野勃) lineage. The fact that Daeinsu was in charge of Balhae government affairs after the death of King Gan, and that the death of King Gan and his queen, Empress Sunmok, was a chaotic situation may have served as the background for his accession to the throne. Daeinsu expressed his will to ‘establish’ Balhae, a new new country, not the old country.

Role of Libraries in the Simultaneous Threats of the COVID 19 Pandemic and Flood in Kamrup Metro District of Assam

Corona virus disease or COVID-19 is a contagious disease caused by a virus named corona which is said to be originated from China. In the year 2021 the virus has got spread all the over the world which has resulted many deaths of the people. Also the physical library services were stopped to minimize the COVID cases. In the pandemic situation the information exchange plays a very vital role. Accurate information is the key to handle the chaotic situation. Exchange of false information seems to be on the rise. It has created a situation of ‘infodemic’ as stated by the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO). This has not only affected research work severely but has also created chaos among the laypeople. Flood event of the Brahmaputra River in the Indian north-eastern state of Assam coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic. Kamrup Metro district of Assam being in the bank of river Brahmaputra faces a severe flood problem. Due to the poor drainage system the people living in the district suffers from the problem of flood. Diseases such as Dengue, Malaria and Japanese Encephalitis are likely to increase in stagnant water left by receding floods. Treatment of these diseases have been hindered by fear of the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions have hampered the efforts to destroy mosquito breeding sites and awareness-raising among at-risk populations.

Arming the Yemen Conflict: Examining the Nexus of the US-Saudi Arms Deal, Modern Capitalism, and the Prolonged Warfare

With the massive flow of globalization, the last two centuries have seen the rise of the private defence industry, which offers a range of services and equipment needed in the military domain. These industries have had a significant influence in shaping the international political- economic order and in the context of global capitalism in the contemporary era. The private defence industry further benefits from the conflict, as was the case in the Yemen Civil War. The arms exports carried out by the US to Saudi and its coalition has been responsible for continuing the most severe humanitarian crisis in the world today. Seeing the chaotic situation, the US did not stop the arms deal with the Saudis but instead strengthened relations and multiplied the value of the arms deal. This paper uses qualitative research methods. With the conceptions of the Military-Industrial Complex (MIC) and the Defence Iron Triangle (DIT), the results indicate that the rise of the private defence industry has succeeded in creating opportunities for modern capitalism and a network of interest groups that have benefited from the Yemen Civil War. Thus, defence contractors, legislators, and executive bodies are trying to perpetuate arms deals, regardless of the never-ending war that becomes the consequence.

木齋 洪汝河의 和次韻詩 연구

Mokjae(木齋) Hong, Yeo-ha(洪汝河) was a writer who led the Toegye School(退溪學派) in the Yeongnam(嶺南) region amid the chaotic situation after the Imbyeong-yangnan(壬丙兩亂) in the middle of the Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮). His literary collection 『Mokjaejib(木齋集)』 contains quite a few Chinese poems on 258題 and 391首. Among them, the origin of his thoughts and values can be confirmed in his the Echoing and Rhyme- borrowing poems(和次韻詩). This is because the Echoing and Rhyme- borrowing poems(和次韻詩) is a form of giving affection to others in a deep and intimate relationship, and it is possible to confirm how a character had a close relationship with a character and how the consciousness was reflected and created in the work when communicating. In addition, in the Echoing and Rhyme-borrowing poems(和次韻詩), we can look not only at the values, emotions, and thoughts that a character was influenced by a person who communicated and exchanged during the contemporary(당대), but also at the influence of a previous generation(선대) person.&#x0D; Therefore, this paper examined the aspects of the Echoing and Rhyme- borrowing poems(和次韻詩) contained in the 『Mokjaejib(木齋集)』 as one of the processes of studying the world of Mokjae(木齋) poetry, and then reviewed the adjournment and consciousness orientation in the teaching of the Echoing and Rhyme-borrowing poems(和次韻詩) with writers from the previous generation(선대) and contemporary(당대). The most important consciousness orientation seen in the Echoing and Rhyme-borrowing poems(和次韻詩) of Mokjae(木齋) first, it was to express one's admiration for ancient sages(先賢), second, emotional communication was achieved through the Echoing and Rhyme-borrowing poems(和次韻詩), and third, it was possible to confirm and inspire the mission of the Taoist man of virtue(君子)'s life, and fourth, it was characterized by trying to show off one's poetic talent and relieve the desire to achieve a Make a poem(詩作).

Derive transmoderne in Spagna. Dalla crisi alla rigenerazione, nella poesia verbale e visiva del XXI secolo

The article opens with a short reflection on the chaotic and fragmented situation to which late twentieth-century Post-modernity had led us, exemplified through three visual po-ems by Antonio Orihuela, Gustavo Vega and Ana Rossetti. Subsequently, we will summarise some of the artistic and literary repercussions of the transition to Transmodernity, as coined in 1989 by the philosopher Rosa María Rodríguez Mag-da and theorized within her 2004 volume Transmodernidad. Her conceptual framework will provide us with the method-ological foundations for the analysis of some regenerative proposals that embrace the current need for reharmonization and overcoming of the postmodern crisis.Many Spanish authors who were already well-known during the 1980s and 1990s seem to adopt the new epistemological paradigm in the 21st century, sometimes unconsciously, al-lowing it to reflect in their visual and verbal creative products. Illustrative instances include works by the aforementioned Antonio Orihuela and Ana Rossetti, as well as those produced by the artist Rafael de Cózar and the writer Rafael Ballesteros.

A Critical Study of the Myths, Classical References and Allusions in the T. S. Eliot's' the Waste Land

Abstract:- The present paper sought to analyze myths, allusions and classical references used by T. S. Eliot in his magnus opus poem ‘The Waste Land’. A poem contains symbolic representation of myths, classical references and allusions. The study concentrates on the poet’s attitude towards the contemporary society. He justifies his uneasiness by giving the passing references from classical literatures. A study pinpoints the cultural and social decadences depicted by the poet by presenting the major classical personas and the symbolic events from the great classics. A poem depicts the spiritual deadness and barreness on the glorious land of England. To express his views on the spiritual deadness of the land; he gives classical references and allusions to depict the contemporary situation of the land. Every reference stand symbolic. It presents the loss of spiritual aspects of the glorious land. He uses farfetched classical references and biblical allusions to depict the contemporary perturbance. It is critical commentary on the chaotic situation of the contemporary society. The classical references and allusions used here are very apt and convincing. Eliot has brought it poignantly. The present study is confined with only critical study of allusions, references and symbolic perspectives used by Eliot in his poem, ‘The Waste Land’.

A Semiotic Study of Contemporary Middle Eastern Internal Dilemmas in Arab News Cartoons

Many parts of the Middle Eastern region have a history of persistent and long-term crises. The media, and particularly the news media, endeavors to highlight these issues in various forms. One established format among them is caricatures, or cartoonish representations, which retain a visually captivating quality for the intended audience. Undeniably, cartoons depict the bitter realities in candid yet convincing forms. In this regard, the present study aims to analyze the Arab News cartoons that depict the internal predicaments faced by the selected Middle Eastern countries. The primary objective of this study is to examine the intricate relationship between semiotics and socio-political intricacies in the selected regions. This study employs Barthes’ semiotic lens theory to investigate the methods employed by the cartoonist in conveying messages, creating narratives, and interacting with the socio-political environment. The results reveal that the caricatured representations effectually depict several underlying causes and conflicts that fuel the internal chaotic situation inside the region, using signs, symbols, and pictorial rhetoric. These findings help in understanding the essence of the challenges faced by the chosen Middle Eastern nations quite meritoriously. At the same time, the results endorse cartoons as an authentic medium for discussing such harsh realities.

Contestation of Online Transportation Actors in Public Spaces

This article discusses the contestation that occurs between online motorcycle taxis and on-the-go taxis (locally known as ojek pangkalan) in gig economy situations in public spaces. Different from previous studies that emphasize aspects of factors, competitive strategies, and ways of adaptation, this paper explains more about their contestation in the public space arena and online media. This paper analyzed it using the concept of Social Network Analysis from Neil Fleigstein (2012), which identifies actor resources and collaborative networks that exist after a contestation situation. Data was collected through mixed methods utilizing digital data using the NVivo, Wordij, and Gephi applications, complemented by in-depth interviews and field observations supplemented by similar literature. Overall, the results show that online motorcycle uses their social skill to develop a strategy for maintaining the resources and access to the market. The resolution of the contestation between social actors operating in the transportation sector in public space produces a dominant group which can control the chaotic situation to win customers.

Statelessness and (il)legitimacy in Al Bassam’s Petrol Station and Shakespeare’s King Lear

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how Kuwaiti British playwright Sulayman Al Bassam’s Petrol Station (2017) draws on themes, tropes, and motifs from Shakespeare’s King Lear (1606) to dramatize the plight of stateless people worldwide. Al Bassam’s use of King Lear hinges on the fact that it is a play that depicts fraught family bonds against the backdrop of national concerns, a question that Petrol Station vividly dramatizes. First, both plays open with an old patriarch making an important decision. Although the two patriarchs propose that their decisions will ensure justice and integrity, ironically, the decision taken by each patriarch wreaks havoc, augments sibling rivalry, and eventually creates a chaotic situation that exacerbates divisions and frictions. Second, in both plays a patriarch has a legitimate son and an illegitimate one whose relationships are marred by continual conflicts and clashes. However, while in Shakespeare’s play, the illegitimate son is Machiavellian and malevolent, in Al Bassam’s play, the illegitimate son is helpless and even naïve. Furthermore, some characters in Al Bassam’s play can be viewed to have traces of Shakespeare’s characters, particularly the Fool, who critically comments on the course of actions. Finally, both plays end tragically with people committing suicide or being killed and carried to the stage. Overall, Al Bassam’s play draws our attention to the harsh conditions that stateless people, represented by the illegitimate son of the petrol station’s owner, endure daily. In this sense, Al Bassam’s play draws on Shakespeare’s representation of violence to depict how stateless people are subdued and oppressed.

Designing a sustainable vaccine supply chain by considering demand substitution and value-added function during a pandemic outbreak

The severe social, economic, and health detriments caused by pandemics (such as COVID-19) lead governments toward exploring survivability challenges. In this regard, some countries produce national vaccines along with receiving global medical supplies, which necessitates the design of a sustainable vaccine supply chain and the evaluation of value-added gained by each vaccine application. Given each vaccine possesses specific efficacy and expiration time, this study addresses products’ brand-based efficacy and perishability derived from existing literature. Additionally, shortages are inevitable in a chaotic pandemic situation as a consequence of limitations in the procurement, distribution, and storage networks of vaccines. Therefore, we investigate the effect of demand substitution based on vaccine efficacy to reduce the unsatisfied demand and combat the prevalence of infection. Moreover, this study implements mobile vaccination centers as well as permanent centers (for instance hospitals and clinics) to relax the personal and geographical constraints of different segments of society and expedite the vaccination. To optimize the multi-objective mathematical model, the augmented ε-constraint method has been utilized, and a real case study is provided to assess the application of the proposed model. The numerical results and sensitivity analysis show the proper utilization of vaccination centers’ combination in our proposed model, also 60% of shortages are compensated by substitutable products, which leads to expeditious immunization.

Midnight’s Children: Rushdie’s Mosaic of Post-colonial Politics, War and Liberation

Tracing the causes behind major socio-political changes in India and the circumstances that led a nation towards civil war and division, Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children is the saga of migration, colonial legacy, power, identity and chaotic situation of country left behind by the Britishers. Rushdie’s narration becomes the allegory of nation when Saleem, the protagonist of the novel, gets a letter from Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru. Pt. Nehru greets the midnight’s child and considers his growth and downfall, the growth and downfall of the nation. Through his magical power of telepathy, he arranges a midnight conference where all the children, who were born in the midnight of Independence Day, participate to discuss the situation of India. Saleem is an archetypal of Homi K. Bhabha’s theory of hybridity who seems omnipresent in entire country. At one time he was a landlord in Uttar Pradesh and on another he was starving to death in Orissa. Finally, the book depicts the Emergency Period and the gruesome steps taken by Indira Gandhi to save her throne of premiership.