Information Transmission Channel Research Articles

Development of a method for synthesizing an information-analytical system for assessing the level of information transmission channels protection

The object of the study is the process of ensuring security during data transmission through information channels. To ensure high-quality indicators of information transmission channels protection, it is necessary to periodically monitor and, when detected, close possible data leakage channels. The effectiveness of measures to protect transmission channels depends on the quality of checking the presence of possible, valid or hidden, data leakage channels. A significant number of signs of information leakage complicates the control process and leads to additional economic costs for the use of control equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method of synthesis of an information-analytical system for assessing the level of transmission channels protection. It is proposed to develop such a method on the basis of determining the dependence between control signs of the presence of information leakage channels. The proposed method allows to ensure the necessary level of security. The basis of the method for synthesis of the information-analytical system for assessing the level of information transmission channels protection is the equation of the associative connection between the control features. The presence of a connection between control signs indicates the presence of information leakage channels. This is due to the loss of characteristics (for example, voltage or signal strength) of the useful information flow due to the redistribution of data during transmission. The benefit from the application of the obtained results depends on the number of discovered and, accordingly, closed channels of information leakage. Implementation of the proposed method allows to automate the process of finding a data leak in transmission channels. The given research results can be useful in the development of software for expert decision-making systems based on the formation of knowledge bases about the relationship between control features. Implementation of the obtained results will increase the reliability and security of information transmission channels

Signaling with Private Monitoring

Abstract We study dynamic signaling when the sender does not see the signals that her actions generate. The sender then uses her past play to forecast what a receiver believes, in turn forcing the receiver to forecast the previous forecast, and so forth. We identify a class of linear-quadratic-Gaussian games where this endogenous higher-order uncertainty can be handled. The sender's second-order belief is key: it is a private state that she controls, and it creates a new channel for information transmission. We examine the role of higher-order uncertainty and this new signaling channel in applications to macroeconomics, reputation, and trading: inflationary biases under discretion can be larger; career-concerned agents may benefit from not knowing their reputations; and informed trades can carry more price impact. We also introduce an existence method for boundary value problems that can be used in other dynamic games.

Evaporator with horizontal water plane stabilization

Evaporation plays an important role in maintaining water balance and managing water resources in reservoirs. This problem is relevant in hot regions with a lack of fresh water. In addition, reliable operation of evaporators plays an important role in preventing overheating and ensuring safe cooling of reactors which is critical to maintaining nuclear safety. The complete control and accurate measurement of the evaporation process provided by the developed device enables efficient water management ensuring the stability of nuclear power plants and minimising environmental risks. Evaporators are used to control the evaporation process in reservoirs. Based on the analysis of existing evaporators and their shortcomings, an evaporator with horizontal plane stabilization in the pan is developed. Due to this function the developed device allows to control the evaporation process with higher accuracy by reducing fluctuations in the water level in the evaporator. The developed device contains an autonomous power supply that uses energy-saving technology based on a solar battery which ensures operation without additional sources. The use of such a power supply increases the evaporator reliability. One of the important advantages of this device is the use of a cellular-based information transmission channel to the control center which allows to transmit the results of evaporation quickly monitoring and make water management decisions accordingly. In addition, the use of a GPS navigation system allows to set or determine the coordinates of the evaporator installation in the reservoir accurately. The developed device can be included in an intelligent energy resource management system; its use will significantly improve the safety and sustainability of nuclear power plants by improving evaporation process control. It will also optimize the nuclear power plants operation, promote efficient management of water resources and ensure safety in the nuclear energy field.

Leading to Common Prosperity: Does Digital Transformation Help Promote Corporate Philanthropy?

ABSTRACT This study investigates whether digital transformation promotes corporate philanthropy in the Chinese context. We find that corporate digital transformation enhances philanthropic giving and internal pay gap negatively moderates the effect. In addition, we validate the potential channels of decision-making and information transmission that digital transformation affects corporate philanthropy. Further testing shows that digital transformation has more positive effects on corporate philanthropy in high-level digitalized or social-trusted regions than in low-level counterparts. This study enriches our understanding of the impact mechanism of digital transformation on corporate philanthropic giving and provides a new theoretical perspective on the process of corporate philanthropy decision-making in the digital era.

ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА ВИКОРИСТАННЯ БЕЗПРОВІДНИХ СЕНСОРНИХ МЕРЕЖ У ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ЦІЛЯХ

The article analyzes wireless sensor networks and identifies their advantages and disadvantages when used for military purposes. It is proposed to consider the architecture of the network based on a four-level model, which consists of the level of sensors, data channels, data processing and applications for creating various types of services. This creates a versatile and effective set of instruments for solving various tasks of special purpose for military purposes. The structure of a wireless sensor network for military use is considered in detail, taking into account the variety of sensors and their purpose. It also emphasizes the importance of compact and efficient sensors for military purposes, which contain means of digital information processing, receiver and transmitter, including measurements of electromagnetic waves, light, pressure, sound. The possibility of creating sensor fields based on unmanned aerial vehicles and their use for security and information gathering is noted. Data link parameters are detailed, including signal strength and signal level at the receiving end. The importance of space scanning radars for ensuring the safety of unmanned aerial vehicles in the conditions of wind speed and obstacles is noted. The article points out the problems of energy and computing resources when using sensors, in particular, the limitation of energy consumption and the length of the information transmission channel. Methods of rationalizing energy consumption by aggregating data and using clustering protocols are proposed. The main idea of the article is that the use of wireless sensor networks for military purposes requires attention to architectural details, sensor selection and power consumption optimization to ensure effective and reliable use of this system for its intended purpose, which will lead to the successful completion of the task by the unit. Therefore, the main advantages include the simplicity and flexibility of deploying sensor fields and the prompt receipt of information directly from the contact line, which is the key to a quick response to the enemy's actions.

Construction of an acoustic information transmission system of a horizontal directional drilling device

Currently, the constant growth in the volume of the horizontal directional drilling procedure dictates the improvement of the drilling technology and the technical requirements. One of the important technical requirements for the horizontal directional drilling device is the transmission of information about drilling parameters to the operator (depth, rotation angle, inclination angle). The solution to this problem is possible with the help of measuring systems installed inside the drilling head. Traditionally, in real drilling conditions, three communication channels are distinguished: electrically conductive, hydraulic and electromagnetic, each of which has some advantages and disadvantages. The use of acoustic waves excited in the internal space of the drilling head and propagating in the material of the drilling column to the receiver allows to eliminate the disadvantages of the listed communication channels and ensure the highest quality horizontal directional drilling procedure. The paper investigates the acoustic method of information transmission in a horizontal directional drilling device. An acoustic system for positioning a drilling tool has been developed, which provides the transmission of information about the coordinates of the drilling head. The acoustic channel of information transmission has been studied in terms of constructing its structural components: the design of the probe-transmitter (electromechanical transducer) has been developed, as well as the hardware of the system. In order to determine the requirements for the modulator-demodulator of signals of an acoustic information transmission channel, the propagation of an information package was simulated taking into account the resonant properties of the converter using the Multisim circuit simulation program. Thus, the use of an acoustic system for monitoring and transmitting information about the positioning of the drilling head makes it possible to abandon expensive contact methods for determining the position of the drilling head, which give point information and require a lot of time. The proposed acoustic information transmission channel allows for tight acoustic contact between the protective container and the drilling column to eliminate power losses, increases the efficiency of the device and reduces the loss of a useful signal during its propagation and also simplifies the operation of the device. As a result, the developed acoustic system provides an opportunity to perform the highest-quality horizontal directional drilling procedure with the necessary requirements for the volume of transmitted information and stability of operation in complex noise-signal conditions, which eliminates the disadvantages of previously used methods.

The Contribution of Social Networks to Marketing Strategies

It has existed since ancient times, and sociology has conducted in-depth research on it. Sociology believes that society is not composed of individuals but of networks, which contain nodes and their relationships. It can also be understood that our social relationships are intertwined, forming a complex social network. In recent decades, social network analysis has been widely concerned and applied in academic research and practical applications. By analyzing and measuring network graph, it reveals key nodes in social networks, information transmission channels and community structures in networks. Since social networks have a significant impact on the operation and efficiency of the market, this tool is gradually being applied to market research. This paper will focus on three types of contributions of the network to marketing from the perspective of sellers. This paper will show different network diagrams, and describe and analyze these diagrams to reach the corresponding conclusion, that is, the contribution of the network to marketing.

ПІДХІД ДО ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ КОМПЛЕКСНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ОХОРОНИ

Protection and protection of human health, life, habitat, material and intellectual property is an important task at the current stage of society's development. Security and protection systems based on legal, organizational, moral and ethical, hardware and software methods and tools are used to solve this problem. They must meet the legal norms and requirements that are put forward for each category of protection objects. One of the important hardware and software means of protection are elements and devices of electronic equipment, including sensor devices. Their functioning is based on the achievements of solid-state physics, optics, electro-optics, electro-acoustics, etc. Modern electronic technologies make it possible to create effective microelectronic sensor devices for security and protection systems, the functioning of which consists in the use of optical, mechanical, magnetic, piezoelectric, strainometric, capacitive and other types of signal transducers. In the process of building modern safety and security systems, it is necessary, on the one hand, to have information about the capabilities and peculiarities of the functioning of individual components that ensure the fulfillment of the task of protecting the object. On the other hand, it is necessary to have an assessment of the effectiveness of the developed system, which should include both reliability indicators of all elements and channels of information transmission, as well as indicators of the performance of the functional task. The developed mathematical model of the efficiency of the application of the protection system will provide an opportunity to make the correct choice of the constituent elements of the system, the parameters of which most fully ensure the performance of the protection task. This approach ensures the organization of the interaction of security alarm systems, fire alarm systems, access control systems, video surveillance systems and centralized security consoles. Keywords: complex of technical means; security system sensor; centralized security control panel; security system efficiency.

Does the Design of Investor Relations Section Affect Enterprise Performance?

With the development of the major e-commerce platforms in recent years, China's logistics enterprises have entered a stage of rapid development. A large number of logistics enterprises have resorted to external capital to seek development. Related research about website investor relations management arises at the historic moment. Based on the analysis of website content of listed logistics enterprises, this paper constructed an evaluation index of the website investor relationship management. The index includes motivating information factor, health information factor, and information transmission channels factor. Then the authors analyze and test the value effect of the website investor relations management of the listed logistics companies. The results show that health information factor has a positive impact on the current performance of enterprises, and this effect presents inverted u-shaped characteristics. The influence of incentive information on performance is characterized by u font. Information transmission channel factors have no significant impact on company performance.

EQUIPPING THE RANGE WITH EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING TOOLS FOR THE TRAINING OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT OPERATORS

It is substantiated that the loss of a control signal or a GPS navigation signal led more often to the loss of an unmanned aerial vehicle (drone). Therefore, when training drone operators, it is suggested to simulate the situation of loss of GPS navigation control signals. At the same time, the use of the Wi-Fi FPV video information transmission channel is proposed. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the proposals for technical equipping of the test site with educational and training facilities for the training of operators of unmanned aerial vehicles. Advantages and disadvantages of drone control systems with the help of an operator (using streaming video in real time) and GPS navigation equipment are considered. It is shown that computer technologies are the basis of educational and training tools and systems of a modern training ground, which make it possible to significantly increase the effectiveness of combat training of both an individual soldier and the coherence of the actions of entire units. With their help, on the basis of appropriate mathematical procedures, the environment is simulated with fairly high accuracy and a realistic picture of combat operations is reproduced. Further integration of modern software products into training equipment allows to expand their functional capabilities in the direction of increasing the quality characteristics of training while simultaneously minimizing material, resource and time costs. This will make it possible to combine separate types of weapons and military equipment, simulators of control devices, into a single training and modeling system for tactical personnel training in a single training complex. Keywords: abstract virtual models, algorithms, combat training, reproduction of environmental conditions, information processing tools, computer and information technologies, mathematical procedures, educational and training tools, tactical and technical requirements, artificial intelligence, machine learning, programs.

Цифровые технологии пропуска по перегонам и станциям — основа организации движения на Московских центральных диаметрах

train separation, automatic block system, ABTC-MSh system, moving block, interlocking, automatic cab signalling, train control system The article discusses the development of automatic block systems, which form the basis of separation systems. It also highlights the key factors limiting the capacity on open lines, and ways to solve them. A brief overview of the foreign experience of the organization of train separation using automatic block system based on track circuits is given. The article shows the capabilities and role of the computerbased automatic block signalling system with a centralized placement of equipment, audio frequency track circuits and duplicating information transmission channels as an important element of the train traffic management at the sections of Moscow Central Diameters. The significance of the implemented non-stop passage of trains along the main station tracks providing substantial section capacity increase is demonstrated. The necessity of building a digital system for train spacing is shown, which makes it possible to implement the moving block technology with-in the station ensuring the movement of trains on open lines and at stations with the same headway. The advantages of a new type of the computer-based automatic block signalling system as a basic element of a promising Russian train traffic control system and the positive effects of its implementation on the Russian railway network are indicated. The direction of development of train separation systems is outlined within the framework of further digitalization.

Performance of polar codes with low complexity cyclic redundancy check aided bit‐flipping for successive cancellation list decoding over power line channels

SummaryPower lines have complex transmission characteristics and noise interference when used as information transmission channel, thus limiting their data‐carrying rate and reliability. Impulsive noise is the most dominant factor degrading the performance of communication systems over power lines. To combat the impulsive noise, polar codes are introduced into the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)‐based power line communication (PLC) system. Because the successive cancelation list bit‐flip (SCLF) decoding algorithm of polar codes has high decoding complexity, a low complexity segmented cyclic redundancy check (CRC)‐aided SCLF decoding is proposed to improve the decoding performance. The decoding process can be terminated early with segmented CRC, which can reduce the bit‐flip decoding complexity significantly with short and medium block lengths. Experimental results demonstrate that for various configurations, the proposed decoder outperforms the traditional CRC‐aided SCL decoder in terms of decoding performance and complexity, and the suggested polar codes‐based OFDM‐based PLC system can reduce the bit error rate of the system in the presence of impulsive noise.

Model and solution to prevent misinformation on social networks

Social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook have become the primary sources of information dissemination and transmission channels of marketing information. However, in addition to the advantages of Vietnam, online social networks have also been used to spread false information, which can lead to unexpected consequences for the state, the people, and social congress; for example, spreading panic among the public due to the false information spread of swine flu on Twitter in 2009. Therefore, early detection and prevention of misleading information in composite social networks is an urgent need.

Application Research of Vlog in the Field of News Media

Under the background of the rapid development of information technology, various media show a trend of mutual integration, and diversified information transmission channels effectively meet people's needs. Under the trend of media convergence, news communication business faces challenges as well as development opportunities. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the current business situation, accelerate the application of news communication business, show its vitality again, give play to the role of news communication, and meet the public's demand for news information.

SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF ENCODERS OF INTERFERENCE-RESISTANT CASCADE CODES FOR DYNAMIC SYSTEMS

For various channels of information transmission that can be used in local control systems of a wide range of processes, affordable, scalable, and inexpensive transmission methods are needed that allow the necessary information to be transmitted reliably without errors. Errors that occur in discrete, continuous communication channels are the main obstacle to the reliability of transmitted data. The main causes of errors are signal attenuation, noise and various interferences. As a result of the analysis of error statistics in discrete data transmission channels, it was concluded that single and double errors occur in the absolute majority of cases. It is proposed to combat errors by using tamper-resistant coding. Among the interference-resistant codes, redundant block-separated systematic codes are highlighted, among which is the Hamming code. The basis of the interference-resistant coding model is proposed to be the use of a systematic Hamming code followed by cascade coding by adding a parity check bit. The used model made it possible to deal with all the most likely cases of errors. Since this coding model must be flexibly used in different systems, a necessary criterion of the model is its universality. Therefore, the model was tested on a sample with code combinations of different numbers of bits. The purpose of this article is to analyze the dependence of the coding procedure execution time for encoders of different levels: a separate first-stage encoder, as well as a first-stage encoder with the addition of a second-stage encoder. Experiments were conducted with a large sample, which were subsequently analyzed and interpreted. Since the model proved to be flexible, simple, stable and effective as a result of experiments, and the process of combating interference by using cascade codes has proven itself well in world practice, it is recommended for use in various information management systems. The implementation of the coder for interference-resistant data transmission is given.

Robust Data Transfer Paradigm Based on VLC Technologies

Methods for improving the system quality of VLC systems design and operation are considered. VLC technologies represent a system that consists of functions and software The main function of the VLC system is data transmission based on LED technologies. According to ISO/IEC 17025-2000, ISO 5725-2002-the main importance is given to metrological support. VLC systems are particularly critical to the stability of operating modes, they are demanding to control modes and operating conditions, to choose the technical parameters of the component base during design. Robustness can be considered an integral indicator of the overall quality of the VLC system. Taking this into account, as a robust paradigm, we study its functional part, in the scope of structural modeling, using the example of an optoelectronic channel for VLC information transmission, including some technical solutions, and the quality of control and measuring processes as a metrological component of robust system support. As a quantitative assessment of functional robustness, it is proposed to use control risks and the correlation function of the connection between «input» and «output», which evaluates the quality of the data transmission channel. Mathematical and simulation models, as well as application software, were developed to assess and predict control risks.

Research on Channel Characteristics and Electrode Electrical Performance of Earth Current Field Information Transmission Technology.

Starting from the need for emergency rescue information transmission in tunnel engineering accidents, this article focuses on researching and solving the technical problems of information transmission between rescue personnel and trapped personnel after tunnel engineering collapse accidents, before and during the rescue process. The research objects are the information transmission channel and grounding electrode in the earth current field information transmission technology, and the electromagnetic characteristics of the earth medium and the electrical performance of the grounding electrode are studied and analyzed using the electromagnetic simulation software Maxwell based on finite element algorithm, establish a three-dimensional model based on the transmission of current field information of the ground electrode, analyze the effects of the electrode array, electrode depth, and radius on impedance. Research has shown that the impedance of the earth is related to the resistivity of the medium and is not a human-controllable factor. To reduce the contact impedance of an electric dipole antenna, one should start with the contact impedance of the earth electrode. The impedance of the transmitting end is an important factor affecting the efficiency of information transmission; parallel connection of multiple grounding electrodes, increasing the depth of grounding electrode penetration into the soil layer, and increasing the radius between grounding electrode pairs are all effective methods to reduce the contact impedance of electric dipole antennas, thereby improving information transmission capacity. To achieve wireless information transmission through the stratum, by appropriately selecting the operating frequency of electromagnetic waves, a certain distance of signal transmission can be achieved.

Multiphysical Field Modulated VO2 Device for Information Encryption.

In the information explosion society, information security is highly demanded in the practical application, which raised a surge of interest in designing secure and reliable information transmission channels based on the inherent properties of emerging devices. Here, an innovative strategy to achieve the data encryption and reading during the data confidential transmission based on VO2 device is proposed. Owing to the specific insulator-to-metal transition property of VO2 , the phase transitions between the insulator and metallic states are modulated by the combination of electric field, temperature, and light radiation. These external stimulus-induced phase diagram is directly associated with the defined VO2 device, which are applicable for control the "0" or "1" electrical logic state for the information encryption. A prototype device is fabricated on an epitaxial VO2 film, which displayed a unique data encryption function with excellent stability. The current study not only demonstrated a multiphysical field-modulated VO2 device for information encryption, but also supplied some clues for functional devices applications in other correlated oxide materials.

ANALYSIS OF ACOUSTIC INFORMATION PROTECTION METHODS IN CRITICAL APPLICATIONS

Subject of the study: the process of acoustic information protection in computer systems of critical applications to ensure the required level of system security. The aim of the article is to analyze the methods of acoustic information protection in computer systems of critical application by means of masking to ensure the impossibility of unauthorized access to the system. The article solves the following tasks: to analyze the software and hardware masking of speech; to study the masking of speech messages in order to introduce unrecognizability; to study the features of speech message compression; to investigate methods of covert transmission of acoustic information. The results of the work, which were obtained using mathematical methods of information transformation in computer systems, are potentially possible methods of masking speech messages to ensure the impossibility of unauthorized access to the system. The analysis of the functioning of the presented methods has led to the following conclusions. One of the perspective directions of acoustic information protection in communication channels and dedicated premises can be considered the creation and development of computerized speech masking systems along with or in conjunction with traditional technologies of semantic protection of acoustic information, namely, speech signal classification based on cryptographic algorithms. The main requirements for today's systems that provide protection of acoustic information in critical computer systems are speed and efficiency of various speech signal processing procedures using standard inexpensive technical means of computer telephony, namely: a personal computer, sound card, telephone line interface device and/or modem. These requirements can be met by applying digital methods of dynamic spectral analysis, i.e. synthesis of speech and audio signals. The choice of specific methods and means of speech masking as one of the types of semantic protection of acoustic information will depend on the practical requirements for the speech protection system and the technical characteristics of the acoustic information transmission channel. Further research is desirable to analyze the possible use of methods for synthesizing large ensembles of quasi-orthogonal discrete signals with improved ensemble, structural and correlation properties to ensure higher security indicators of acoustic channels in computer systems of critical applications.

On the Importance of Categories of Social Memory and Cultural Heritage in Their Bibliographic Modelling

The purpose of the article lies in a clearer allocation for bibliographic activities of common and distinct features of social memory and cultural heritage . Both cumulative trends in the development of bibliographic channels of information transmission ( oral , handwritten , printed , electronic-digital ), and features related to the value orientations of information consumers are considered . Conclusions are made about the methodological features of bibliography in the disclosure of model visibility of the development of culture , in forecasting the development of certain documentary and semantic directions and the probability of their entry into nuclear culture . The task is not only to preserve documentary memory and heritage with the help of bibliography , but also to more active socialization ( interiorization ) of this type of activity in society .