Changes In Land Use Structure Research Articles

Modeling the Subpixel Land-Use Dynamics and Its Influence on Urban Heat Islands: Impacts of Factors and Scale, and Population Exposure Risk

Urban heat islands (UHIs) has been proven firmly related to the land use structure. Identifying interactions between UHIs and multiple land use components is a crucial step to obtain human heat welfare information. However, few studies have predicted sub cell scale land use structure dynamics on UHIs due to the lack of subpixel simulation methods. Herein, we present an integrated framework coupling subpixel unmixing and mixed-cell simulation methods to predict fine-scale land-use structural changes. A widely used XGBoost was used to determine the optimal scale for future UHIs prediction. This framework explores how multiscale changes in land use structure will affect future UHIs intensity, taking Wuhan, China as a study area. The results reveal that most influence comes from the scale below the 330-m grid, while the fine-scale land use components of a given position show limited impact on the UHI intensity. Impervious surfaces contribute more than 55% of the importance, while bare soil and water components within the 270-m grid also significantly affect UHIs. We also find that optimizing the structure of land use components can potentially release approximately 599,000 people from high-UHI regions in the study area.

Comparison of comprehensive benefits of land-use systems under multi- and single-element governance

Considering the decline in the ecosystem service value (ESV) caused by rapid urbanization, China has recently conducted large-scale comprehensive ecological governance of “mountain, water, forest, field, lake and grass”; however, theoretical analyses of such systematic governance are lacking. This study compares the effects of multi- and single-element governance from a systematic perspective. This study proposes a hierarchical model integrating land-use simulation and comprehensive benefit evaluation based on remote sensing data of land-use in the Hebei Province, China, between 2000 and 2019. It compares the ESV and subtotal ecological-economic product (SEP), which reflects comprehensive benefits under ten governance scenarios. The results revealed significant urban expansion, amounting to 7516 km2, with significant changes in cultivated land and grassland. The ESV increased from 89.2 to 134.6 billion USD from 2000 to 2019, with regulatory and support services as the primary types of ecosystem services. With single-element governance, the ESV and SEP of water area governance were higher than those of woodland and cultivated land. With multi-element governance, the ESV and SEP of governance focusing on water areas were higher than those focusing on woodland and cultivated land. Moreover, multi-element ecological governance was found to be superior to single-element governance. Ecological governance of water areas and woodland ensured higher comprehensive benefits, while avoiding risks caused by excessive changes in land-use structure. The lower ESV and ESP of other multi- and single-element governance were primarily owing to two types of conversion: 1) grassland to woodland and cultivated land, and 2) water areas to cultivated land. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the core elements of regional ecosystems and implement comprehensive ecological governance, address practical problems of land consolidation and ecological governance, and appropriately introduce market forces to realize the operation and management of the entire process and life cycle. These findings could provide a scientific reference for other regions in China and other developing countries implementing ecological governance practices.

Evolution of ecosystem services under the impact of urbanization using the InVEST model in the xiongan new area, China

Abstract Understanding the impact of land use on ecosystem service functions is crucial for guiding land management and ecological environment protection in Xiongan New Area (XANA), China. This paper employs the InVEST model to assess the temporal and spatial characteristics of water yield, carbon storage, water purification, and soil conservation ecosystem services in XANA from 1980 to 2020, analyzing geographical and spatial variations in ecosystem service capabilities. Through correlation analysis and the grid Moran’s I index, we explored the mechanisms of ecosystem action and the trade-offs and synergies among these services. Our results revealed that urban land use in XANA increased throughout the 1980–2020 period, with the fastest growth occurring from 2010 to 2020, primarily due to cultivated land conversion. Prior to 2010, cultivated land expanded rapidly, consuming significant amounts of water resources. Changes in land use structure drove increases in water yield and nitrogen output in the XANA ecosystem while decreasing carbon storage and soil erosion. Urban land area change was the primary factor influencing water yield and nitrogen output, while reduced water area was the main driver behind decreased carbon storage in the region. Cultivated land was identified as the primary contributor to soil erosion. The synergy between carbon storage and water conservation is closely tied to water area and urban land, while the synergies between carbon storage and water quality purification, soil conservation and water quality purification hinge on water areas and cultivated land areas. To ensure the sustainable development of XANA, it is essential to protect the wetland ecosystem in the Baiyangdian Lake basin, enhance forest and grassland coverage, and monitor temporal and spatial changes in different ecosystem services and their interrelationships closely.

EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION OF THE WATER USE PLAN IN THE BA RIVER BASIN

The Ba River basin has abundant water resources for agriculture and power generation. To respond to the socio-economic development of the basin, the water work system has been planning to improve the efficiency of water resource allocation, serving sustainable development. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of water work plans built on the Ba River basin by assessing their ability to supply water for agriculture, domestic, industries and services. Water balance calculations show that water demand in irrigation areas in the Ba River basin increases significantly corresponding to basin development, especially in the Krong Pa and Nam Bac An Khe regions. With the application of irrigation planning, agricultural development plans and changes in land use structure, water resource allocation in the Ba River basin has been improved in the future. The effectiveness of the planning is obviously shown in the Upper Ayun, Ayun Pa, Upper and Lower Dong Cam where water demand increases sharply and water shortages are controlled, ensuring water supply requirements for irrigation and other sectors of over 85% and over 90%, respectively.

Unevenly distributed CO2 and its impacts on terrestrial carbon uptake under the changing land uses

Changes in land-use structure and pattern can affect both atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the terrestrial carbon budget. To explore the effects of non-uniformly distributed CO2 concentration on terrestrial carbon uptake under land-use changes, this study integrated global CO2 concentrations, Net Primary Productivity (NPP), and land-use data under historical period and SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios from 1850 to 2100. Land-use intensity (LUI) and the CO2 correlation to NPP were calculated using partial correlation analysis by controlling LUI. The results showed that NPP growth over the forest was the highest among the land-use types, reaching 0.54 g C·m2, 2.06 g C·m2 and 4.64 g C·m2, respectively, under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Among all the scenarios, the average correlation levels of atmospheric CO2 and NPP considering the LUI effect and controlling LUI ranged respectively from 0.34 to 0.68 and from 0.32 to 0.61 at a 5 % level of significance. It suggested that sensible land use planning might enhance the CO2 fertilization effect and that rises in CO2 concentrations could stimulate terrestrial carbon absorption. The findings add to the body of knowledge about the effects of atmospheric CO2 on terrestrial carbon uptake and serve as a scientific guide for protecting terrestrial carbon stocks and managing land use.

Mechanisms of Rural Sustainable Development Driven by Land Use Restructuring: A Perspective of “Scale-Space” Interactions

Regional development issues can be reflected in land use and addressed through land use restructuring. It is commonly recognized that strengthening the role of small towns in the coordinated and sustainable development of counties, towns, and villages is effective in solving land use problems. However, relevant studies do not focus on the county space and lack scale extensions to reflect the role and status of small towns. In this paper, an analytical framework is developed and some research hypotheses are proposed from the perspective of “Scale-Space” interaction. Then, a county in central China is used as a case study to reveal the mechanism of rural land use restructuring by comparing the changes in land use structure in different locations in recent years. The study finds that under the constraint of the basic principle of “Requisition-Compensation Balance”, the county has reorganized the spatial and landscape pattern of the countryside through extensive “demolition of the old” and “construction of the new”. Among them, towns that are distant from the county center, while improving their cohesion, give full play to their role as regional sub-centers, and are expected to become an important force driving urbanization in the future.

Spatial and Temporal Evolution Patterns of Habitat Quality under Tea Plantation Expansion and Multi-Scenario Simulation Study: Anxi County as an Example

The expansion of tea plantations has caused changes in land use structure, which, in turn, has affected the regional habitat quality. Exploring the characteristics of changes in land use structure and habitat quality under different development scenarios is important for the formulation of regional land planning policies and the guarantee of ecological security. This study quantified the habitat quality of the study area from 2010 to 2020 based on the InVEST habitat quality module and explored the land use distribution patterns and habitat quality change characteristics under different scenarios in combination with the PLUS model. The results show that, from 2010 to 2020, the area of tea plantations expanded by 153.0126 km2, and the mean value of habitat quality increased from 0.6502 to 0.6919; in different development scenarios, the area of tea plantations was from large to small in the order of scenario 1 (871.2468), scenario 3 (599.4531) and scenario 2 (518.5440), and the mean value of habitat quality was from high to low in the order of scenario 1 (0.7385), scenario 2 (0.7162) and scenario 3 (0.6919). This study mainly explored the structural changes of land use and habitat quality evolution characteristics under different development scenarios in the study area, and the results of the study can provide a reference basis for rational land development and utilization and habitat conservation in the large-scale tea plantation area.

Effects of changes in land use structure on nitrogen input in the Pingzhai Reservoir watershed, a karst mountain region

Optimizing land use composition to control nitrogen input into water bodies is one way to address surface source pollution in karst mountain regions. In this study, changes in land use, N sources, and spatial and temporal changes of N migration in the Pingzhai Reservoir watershed were evaluated from 2015 to 2021, and the relationship between land use composition and N input was elucidated. N was the main pollution in the water of the watershed; NO3− was the dominant form of N, and it did not react during migration. N came from soil, livestock manure or domestic sewage, and atmospheric deposition. Isolating the fractionation effects of source nitrogen is crucial to improve the accuracy of nitrogen and oxygen isotope traceability in the Pingzhai Reservoir. From 2015 to 2021, the grassland area in the Pingzhai Reservoir increased by 5.52%, the woodland area increased by 2.01%, the water area increased by 1.44%, the cropland decreased by 5.8%, unused land decreased by 3.18%, and construction land remained unchanged. Policies and reservoir construction were the main drivers of changes in land-use type in the catchment. Changes in land use structure affected nitrogen input patterns, with unused land having a highly significant positive correlation with inputs of NH3–N, NO2−, and TN, and construction land having a significant positive correlation with the input of NO2−. The inhibitory effect of forest and grassland on nitrogen input in the basin was offset by the promoting effect of cropland and construction land on nitrogen input, with unused land becoming a new focus area for nitrogen emissions due to a lack of environmental management. Modifying the area of different land use types in the watershed can effectively control nitrogen input to the watershed.

Study on the Optimization Measures of Carbon Emissions in Chengdu’s Territorial Space under the Trend of Clean Energy and Energy Structure Adjustment

Clean energy refers to energy that has less impact on the environment and can be used sustainably. With the intensification of global climate change and environmental pollution problems, the development of clean energy has become a common concern for governments and enterprises. In this paper, the scale of carbon emission in Chengdu is measured by analyzing LEAP model, and the carbon sink capacity is measured by the change of land use structure. Based on the trends of carbon sources and sinks, we analyze the countermeasures that Chengdu needs to take to achieve the carbon peak by 2030. Finally, based on the vision of “carbon neutrality”, suggestions are made for the optimization of Chengdu’s territorial spatial planning in terms of building a green and low-carbon territorial spatial development and protection pattern, optimizing the territorial spatial layout and factor allocation, developing clean energy technologies, and increasing the proportion of clean energy use.

The impact of transport development on construction land use efficiency of shrinking cities in China

With the development of China’s urbanization process, vacant land has become a critical issue in shrinking cities. Based on the panel data of 28 shrinking cities in China from 2006 to 2018, the impact of transport development (including transport investment and transport mobility) on construction land use efficiency (CLUE) was analyzed in this study. The results show that transport mobility plays a greater role than transport investment in improving CLUE of shrinking cities. Specifically, the increase of transport investment and transport mobility per unit will increase CLUE of shrinking cities by 0.01 and 0.1, respectively. Then, the shrinking cities are divided into three types, which include resource-based cities, post-industrial cities and less-developed cities. We find that transport development has the most significant impact on CLUE of less-developed cities while having no significant impact on resource-based cities. Finally, the results based on the mediating effect model show that the change of land use structure is the main mediating variable through which transport development affected CLUE of shrinking cities.

GIS-Based Prediction of Dynamic Land Use Change and its Structure in Bengbu City

In this paper, Bengbu City, Anhui Province, China, was selected as the study area, based on three phases of multispectral image data in 2000, 2010 2020, to reflect the dynamic land use change characteristics of Bengbu City in the last decade in detail, used ArcGIS software for data processing, through the transfer matrix, land use dynamic attitude, land use change amplitude, respectively, the land use characteristics in the study area and its overall change trend were quantitatively assessed, and the future land use evolution of Bengbu City was predicted by simulation using Markov model. The results show that the overall change of land use structure in Bengbu City during the 20 years is mainly the decrease of cultivated land and the increase of man-made surface, and although the transfer out of cultivated land is greater than the transfer in, cultivated land is still the most dominant land use type in Bengbu City during the study period, accounting for more than 70% of the total land area, and it is predicted that the overall change of land use in Bengbu City in the future is still mainly the decrease of cultivated land, while the area of man-made surface continues to show an increasing trend year by year. the trend of the increasing year by year.

Do Land Use Structure Changes Impact Regional Carbon Emissions? A Spatial Econometric Study in Sichuan Basin, China.

Human activities are closely related to carbon emissions and the mechanism of land-use structure change on carbon emissions is unclear. In this study, 143 counties in the Sichuan Basin of China were used as sample units, and the land use structure of each sample unit in the Sichuan Basin was measured by applying the information entropy theory, analyzing the spatial and temporal evolutionary characteristics and the influencing relationships of land use structure and carbon emissions in the Sichuan Basin, by spatial econometric analysis of panel data on carbon emissions and information entropy of land use structure over five time periods from 2000 to 2018. The results indicate that: the carbon emission intensity and information entropy of land use in the Sichuan basin are increasing over the years, and the cross-sectional data reflect inconsistent spatial distribution characteristics, with greater changes around large cities; both carbon emissions and land use structure are spatially auto-correlated, the information entropy of land use positively affects carbon emission intensity; carbon emissions have positive spillover effects, and changes in land use structure have no obvious regional impact on surrounding areas; there may be potential threshold areas for the impact of land-use structure change on carbon emissions. This study has certain reference value for land use planning and carbon emission reduction policies.

An integrated modeling approach for ecological risks assessment under multiple scenarios in Guangzhou, China

High-intensity human activities have caused dramatic changes in land-use structure in Guangzhou. It is essential to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use and the induced ecological risks. In this research, a framework was developed for landscape ecological risk (LER) prediction based on a patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model through incorporating analysis of land expansion strategies, CA model based on multi-type random patch seeds and LER assessment model. The results showed: 1) the urbanization process of Guangzhou was obvious in the past 20 years. Proximity to railways, highways, and secondary roads have the primary impact on the expansion of cultivated land, grassland and construction land, respectively, 2) Guangzhou's future urban expansion is inevitable based on the PLUS model prediction, 3) during 2000–2020, the overall LER in Guangzhou was at a relatively low level. The higher ecological risk area was mainly distributed in the southern sea area, and 4) from 2020 to 2040, Guangzhou's higher ecological risk areas are on an overall decreasing trend under three scenarios. This research can provide a reference for the planning of regional ecological environmental protection and sustainable development of land resources, as well as LER prediction.

Contrasting changes in fine-scale land use structure and summertime thermal environment in downtown Shanghai

• Changes in patterns of fine-scale land use structures and intensity of intra-SUHI were analyzed. • The associations between changes in land use structures and intensity of intra-SUHI were analyzed. • Comparison of two regression models quantifies the importance of interactions of the predictors. • PLSR models perform slightly better than RFR models, but their combined usage will perform better . Understanding the associations between fine-scale land use structures and the surface urban heat island effect within the cities (synonymously defined as intra-SUHI) is vital for decision-making on sustainable land development, UHI mitigation, and climate adaptation. Taking downtown Shanghai as a case, this study quantified the associations between the changes in land use structures (indicated by eleven metrics of urban morphology, land use composition, and urban green infrastructure) and the intensity of intra-SUHI (intra-SUHII) at the land parcel level. Two model types, including Type-1 models that merely consider the main effect of the factors, and Type-2 models that consider both the main effect and potential interactions, were employed for analysis. The performance of each model type was parallelly assessed using the partial least square regression (PLSR) and random forest regression (RFR) methods. Our results revealed that Type-2 models exhibited higher interpretation power (PLSR:55.604–55.887% and RFR:53.841–55.739%) than Type-1 models (PLSR:47.531–47.591% and RFR: 47.111–50.300%) for explaining the variance in parcel-level intra-SUHIIs. This finding indicated the non-negligible importance of potential interactions of the factors in determining the models' interpretation power. Our study can be generalizable to many large cities with similar climatological conditions.

Urban spatial expansion and its impacts on ecosystem service value of typical oasis cities around Tarim Basin, northwest China

Under the background of rapid urbanization, the change of urban land use structure has a great impact on ecological environments, and determination of impacts of urban spatial expansion (USE) on the urban ecosystem service value (ESV) is of particular significance to sustainable development in arid regions. To archive a better understanding of the spatio-temporal characteristics of USE, and to quantitatively describe the impact of USE on ESV, five typical oasis cities around the Tarim Basin are selected as research areas. Based on classifying the land use types from LandsatTM/ETM+/OLI imagery data between 1990 and 2015, the urban spatio-temporal dynamic changes are quantitatively analyzed, ESV changes of each land use types and each ecosystem functions were estimated, and USE impacts on ESV is determined. The results are concluded as follows: (1) Over the researched 25 years, the largest USE area occurred in Korla, followed by 63.65 km2, and the smallest is in Artux, followed by 2.91 km2. (2) Farmland and unused land has a great contribution to the USE, and the reduction of farmland in five cities were 2.68 km2 in Korla, 5.13 km2 in Aksu, 0.54 km2 in Artux, 28.42 km2 in Kashgar, and 14.25 km2 in Hotan during the 1990–2015 years. (3) Both of the expansion speed and expansion intensity are maximal in Hotan (followed by 8.38% and 25.89%) and minimal in Artux. (4) There are the highest compactness, the lowest fractal dimension, and the simplest and most stable shape in Artux. In contrast, Korla has the lowest compactness and highest fractal dimension, and is the most complex, disperse and unstable city. (5) The total ESV of the five cities is reduced at 45.36 million CNY with a decrease rate of −21.54%. Among these cities, only Korla shows an increasing trend of ESV (23.72 million CNY), but the other four cities shows a decreasing trend with 20.98 million CNY in Aksu, 0.15 million CNY in Artux, 35.76 million CNY in Kashgar, and 12.20 million CNY in Hotan. (6) USE has a great effect on the ESV changes, and the increasing runoff, temperature and precipitation are impacting the ESV in some positive ways. (7) Waste treatment, water conservation and soil formation functions are the top three ecosystem functions with high service value, and ecosystem function of the five cities belong to a provision function. In light of these findings, this study conveys important strategies for regional sustainable development and plan in the arid ecologically fragile regions.

Change in land-use structure due to urbanisation in China

Evidence on the influence of urbanisation on land-use structure in China can provide a scientific basis for sustainable land-use and ecological protection. However, previous studies have not completely explained the mechanisms of land-use structure change during rapid urbanisation. To address this gap, in the present study, the land-use intensity and information entropy of land-use structure from 1980 to 2020 were measured to represent urbanisation level and land-use structure for the corresponding period using land-use/cover datasets in China. The impact of urbanisation on the information entropy of land-use structure was analysed from multiple perspectives based on a set of panel regression models. The results showed that the land-use intensity in China presented a continuously increasing trend, whereas information entropy of land-use structure exhibited an increasing and then decreasing tendency during the study period. There was a significant spatial dependence between land-use intensity and information entropy of land-use structure in China, as indicated by the inverted U-shaped curve. We found that the higher the economic development level, the greater the threshold values. In addition, a 1% increase in land-use intensity in a region with a better economic development level might lead to a greater increase in the information entropy of land-use structure. The findings of this study indicated that a combination of cross-regional collaborative governance and differentiated management strategies is effective in optimising land-use structure during rapid urbanisation in China and other countries.

A coupled study of ecological security and land use change based on GIS and entropy method-a typical region in Northwest China, Lanzhou.

Due to rapid population growth, industrialization, and urbanization, it is particularly important to address the increasingly serious ecological security issues in the process of urbanization, while it is important to grasp the impact of changes in land use structure on ecological security for scientific planning and to aid decision-making. As a typical valley basin industrialized city in northwest China, Lanzhou has complex geomorphology and climate with distinct regional characteristics, and the relationship between land use and ecological security is complex. In order to understand the current status and influencing factors of ecological security in various regions of Lanzhou, and to explore the intrinsic connection between ecological security and land use, this study constructed an ecological security evaluation index system based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) model with 14 secondary factors including natural, social, and economic factors. Based on the entropy method, GIS was used to analyze the trend of ecological security in each district and to clarify the coupling relationship between ecological security and land use change in Lanzhou City. The results show that the ecological security index (ESI) of Xigu District, a typical heavy industrial area, increased from 0.26 to 0.35, and the ESI of Yuzhong County, an agricultural development area, increased from 0.51 to 0.55 from 2000 to 2017. Low ESI was mainly distributed in areas with developed heavy industry, while high ESI was mainly found in areas with favorable natural conditions and mainly agricultural development. Economic factors were the leading factors affecting the ecological security of Lanzhou. In general, changes in land use structure and ecological security were inextricably linked, and the two influence and interact with each other. These results could provide some reference for the study of ecological security development and land use change in typical river valley cities and also provide a new path for other cities to study ecological security and the conservation of the ecological environment.

Optimization of land use structure to balance economic benefits and ecosystem services under uncertainties: A case study in Wuhan, China

Rapid economic growth and urbanization in China have led to significant changes in land use structure and seriously threatened the sustainability of urban ecosystems. A Fuzzy Multi-Objective Linear Programming (FMLP) model is developed in this paper to determine an optimal land use structure with social, economic and ecological benefits of lands considered comprehensively. Ecosystem service assessment is integrated into the FMLP model for emphasizing the ecological benefits of land use, and the uncertainty in the optimization process have been addressed. Wuhan is selected as a case study. The results indicate that (1) the relative equilibrium between economic and ecological benefits can be achieved by establishing the FMLP model. (2) The optimized land use structure can increase the ecosystem service value (ESV) at a lower cost of economic benefits. (3) The optimal land use allocation can contribute to a growth of ecological benefit by 1.51 billion RMB and economic benefit by 348.6 billion RMB compared to the government's land use planning. (4) The ESVs of 11 types of ecosystem service functions are all increased in varying degrees through land use structure optimization. (5) There are huge differences in economic and ecological benefits between the central and remote urban areas of Wuhan. The economic benefit is 603 folds of the ecological benefit in central urban area while the ESV in remote urban area is 25 folds of that of the central urban area in Wuhan. These findings could provide valuable decision-making support for the sustainable land use planning in Wuhan. The FMLP model is proven to be feasible and applicable for land use planning under uncertain conditions and thus could be applied to other cities with unbalanced land use structure.

Research on Optimization of Sichuan Province National Territory Spatial Planning Based on Carbon Neutrality

The functional structure of territorial space is an important factor affecting the regional carbon cycle. The article explores the interaction mechanism between the functional structure of territorial space and carbon sources and carbon sinks, constructs a model for measuring and calculating territorial spatial carbon sources and carbon sinks, and investigates land changes in Sichuan Province, etc. Based on the data, the spatial carbon emission and absorption of Sichuan from 2010 to 2017 were calculated, and the carbon source carbon aggregate amount, structural composition and intensity change trend were analysed. The results show that changes in the spatial land use structure of Sichuan are closely related to carbon emissions, and the increase in construction land is the main reason for the substantial increase in carbon emissions. Finally, in combination with the vision and goals of "carbon neutrality", relevant optimization suggestions were put forward for the land and space planning of Sichuan Province.

Response of ecological quality to the evolution of land use structure in Taiyuan during 2003 to 2018

The change of regional land use structure has important influence on the stability of ecosystem structure and function. As a typical representative of resource-based cities in central of China, original land use structure was changed because of industrial transformation and upgrading in Taiyuan, which has become a key link in ecological environment construction. Using the Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI), this paper calculates the ecological quality metrics of Taiyuan in the process of industrial transformation and upgrading, and explores the response of ecological quality in Taiyuan to the spatiotemporal evolution of land use structure. The results show that: (1) From 2003 to 2018, the proportion of urban construction land in east and south of Taiyuan continued to increase. (2) The ecological quality of Taiyuan improved generally. The most obvious improvement was achieved in the Fenhe River Valley. Some parts of the valley changed from strongly bad area (RSEI: 0.2–0.4) to strongly good area (RSEI: 0.8–1.0). (3) The ecological quality in Taiyuan was distributed unevenly in space. In 2013, the ecological quality in the south was poorer than that in 2003 and 2008. However, the ecological quality in that region showed a significant rebound in 2018. The research results shed important new light on urban land use structure, ecological quality evaluation, and formulation of ecological protection policies.