Changeover System Research Articles

Micro in situ 3He Polarizer for Dimensional Extreme Magnetic Neutron Diffractometer at the High Flux Isotope Reactor

A new micro in situ polarized 3He neutron spin filter has been custom built for use as a neutron polarizer on the Dimensional Extreme Magnetic Neutron Diffractometer (DEMAND) at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). The 3He is polarized via spin-exchange optical pumping with a high-power fiber-coupled laser. The 3He neutron spin filter polarizer is designed to be compact in size with the length along the neutron beam only 30 cm because of the limited space available on the beamline. The polarizer is used for the shorter wavelength neutrons (1.005 Å and 1.546 Å) at DEMAND. A 3 bar 3He cell was filled to provide enough opacity so that good neutron polarization can be attained. At DEMAND the polarizer is mounted on an Automated Polarizer Changeover system (APCS) enabling quick switching between polarized and unpolarized neutron diffraction.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЛОГІСТИЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ ПРИ ВИРОБНИЦТВІ ТЕХНІЧНО-СКЛАДНОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ

Automation of production processes, which is widely used at foreign enterprises and largely reduces the labor intensity of products, is of particular relevance. In addition, in some cases, the installation of more productive equipment leads to a reduction in its quantity and allows you to partially free up production space. Technical re-equipment should concern, first of all, those workshops and production areas where cost reduction will be of greatest importance.The reasons for the need for technical re-equipment of small machining enterprises can be grouped in the following areas:- increasing the technological stability of production;- reduction of production cycles of parts and assembly units, acceleration of the turnover of investments;- reduction of terms and cost of preparation of production;- reduction of labor intensity, reduction of production costs;- reduction of rejects and costs for the restoration of defective products;- reducing the cost of upgrading and repairing equipment.The success of the enterprise, its competitiveness in market conditions, largely depends on how the issue of managing costs in the process of production and sale of products is resolved. It is especially important to re-solve this issue in the case of a diversified nature of production. The research methodology in this work will be the use of the SMED equipment changeover system to save time in the production of multi-product parts. If the changeover process takes very little time, it can be carried out as often as required. This, in turn, means that if we manufacture products in small batches, we can get many advantages: flexibility, fast delivery, productivity, high quality.The enterprise can meet the changing needs of customers without the overhead of stockpiling. Manufacturing in small batches will reduce the time spent preparing the order for shipment, as well as the time the customer waits for the required product. Accordingly, the likelihood of damage to products is reduced, since their stor-age time is reduced. The volume of production rejects is also reduced due to fewer errors during setup and trial runs of equipment.

Constant and wireless controlled DC-to-AC based boost differential converter with a sensor-less changeover system

Constant and wireless controlled DC-to-AC based boost differential converter with a sensor-less changeover system

Uninterruptible DC-powered boost differential inverter with a Sensorless Changeover System

This paper presents the design and implementation of an Uninterruptible DC-powered boost differential inverter with a sensor-less Changeover system. The systems design was developed using solar panels, bidirectional converter current linked battery banks, and a single-staged DC/AC Converter. The system was designed, modeled, and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software before its implementation. The properties exhibited by the system include: Single stage input voltage transformation and amplification without a power transformer, lightweight sensor-less and relay-less automatic changeover, and a simplified feedback system. The simulation results show that the system gives a pure sine voltage and current waveforms, total harmonic distortion (THD) of 1.25%, efficiency of 94.4%, relatively fast dynamic response and 1 kilowatt power rating. The specific target areas of applications are: in medical paraphernalia where pure sine waveforms are needed, homes, and medium scale industries.

Design, Development and Simulation of a Microcontroller Based Automatic Electrical Mains Changeover System

Design, Development and Simulation of a Microcontroller Based Automatic Electrical Mains Changeover System

Application of a microcontroller in automatic electrical domestic changeover system

The design, development, and simulation of an automatic Electrical Mains Changeover System (EMCS) using a PIC microcontroller (μC) has been presented in this study. The system consists of an 18-pin DIP package enhanced flash microcontroller PIC16F84A with a 4 MHz crystal used as the main processor, two switching transistors, two relays, and a Low Voltage Power Supply (LVPS). The electrical mains control signal output at RB0 and RB2 of PortB actuate two switching transistors which drive two relays to operate the loads depending on the availability of mains or backup power source. An assembly language program based on MPLAB IDE has been developed to control the operation of the system. The design and verification of the PIC μC based EMCS in the Proteus 8 simulation platform have been completed successfully.

Lean Production on Chili Pepper Supply Chain Using Value Stream Mapping

In the globalization economic development, most of industries have been developing strategies to improve efficiency in their production processes. Meanwhile, chili pepper supply chain is still not aware about efficiency and effectiveness in its management. Most actors in chili pepper supply chain face several obstacles, i.e. losses, waste products, and inefficiency in delivery time. This research is focused on the development of chili pepper supply chain performance using Value Stream Mapping (VSM) analysis and aims to create a new key system to develop efficiency and effectiveness. VSM is used as an instrument to enhance comparative advantage in wildly industries. VSM in chili pepper involves operation system such as 6S, Volkswagen production system, visual workplace, quick changeover system, and Hiejunka Kanban system. Those techniques are applied to reduce waste in chili pepper supply chain. The research result shows that chilli pepper supply chain should explore the implementation of VSM.

Change-over natural and mechanical ventilation system energy consumption in single-family buildings

The parameters of the outside air in Poland cause that in winter it is reasonable to use a mechanical ventilation equipped with a heat recovery exchanger. The time of spring, autumn, summer evenings and nights are often characterized by the parameters of the air, which allow for a natural ventilation and reduce the electricity consumption. The article presents the possibilities of energy consumption reduction for three energy standards of buildings located in Poland, ventilated by a change–over hybrid system. The analysis was prepared on the assumption that the air–to–water heat pump is the heat source for the buildings.

The Design of Fault Tolerant Dual System and Real Time Fault Detection for Countdown Time Generating System

In this paper, we propose a real-time fault monitoring and dual system design of the countdown time-generating system, which is the main component of the mission control system. The countdown time-generating system produces a countdown signal that is distributed to mission control system devices. The stability of the countdown signal is essential for the main launch-related devices because they perform reserved functions based on the countdown time information received from the countdown time-generating system. Therefore, a reliable and fault-tolerant design is required for the countdown time-generating system. To ensure system reliability, component devices should be redundant and faults should be monitored in real time to manage the device changeover from Active mode to Standby mode upon fault detection. In addition, designing different methods for mode changeover based on fault classification is necessary for appropriate changeover. This study presents a real-time fault monitoring and changeover system, which is based on the dual system design of countdown time-generating devices, as well as experiment on real-time fault monitoring and changeover based on fault inputs.

船舶でのインターネット接続環境の構築と評価－定額制モバイルデータ通信の効率的な利用－

Recently, communications speed of several tens Mbps and flat-rate service have been available as radio links. Although, it is especially difficult to maintain the connected state from ships by using them. The purpose of the paper is that the authors construct the stable Internet connection by efficiently utilizing them for ship to shore. There has been literature on aspects of data collection system to understand marine traffic data from ship and shore. We examined by a simulation built at Toba Maritime College and applied the results to Training Ship TAISEIMARU (Length 125m, 5,887 Gross tons). The following are the results obtained: By limiting of number of NAT (Network Address Translation) descriptor, it reduced the occupancy rate of the line to approximately one-seventh, so that a median of Round Trip Time improved approximately 100ms. Moreover, we established the unattended network connection automatic changeover system by using Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol for ship and shore.

Children's toothbrush contamination in day-care centers: how to solve this problem?

To evaluate the contamination level of toothbrushes by mutans streptococci (MS) and the efficacy of antimicrobial solutions: cetylpyridinium chloride 0.05 % (CPC; Cepacol™) and chlorhexidine 0.12 % (CHX; Periogard™), to disinfect toothbrushes of preschool-aged children in day-care centers. Fifty-two children were randomly divided into three groups, and a three-stage changeover system was used with a 1-week interval between each stage. Solutions were used by a different group of children in each stage. Children were submitted to a 1 minute brushing without dentifrice, performed by a professional calibrated, followed by random spraying over the bristles of brushes. Process and microbiological analysis were realized, and four brushes of each group were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Friedman's test at 5 % significance level revealed difference between the antimicrobial solutions (p < 0.01). MS were detected in 100 % cases of toothbrushes sprayed with sterile tap water (control) and in 66.7 % after spraying with CPC, but it was not detected formation of colonies/biofilms after spraying with CHX. The data were confirmed by SEM. The toothbrushes were contaminated with MS after a single brushing. Although CPC has shown good results in comparison with the control, CHX showed greater efficacy in disinfection bristles of toothbrushes.

双方向DC/DC変喚器を用いた高輝度LED排熱回収・冷却切替システム

双方向DC/DC変喚器を用いた高輝度LED排熱回収・冷却切替システム

절연구간 자동통과 열차검지시스템 개발 및 성능시험

A neutral section is installed around feeding substation(SS) and sectioning post(SP) that M phase and T phase are isolated in AC feeding system. Electric Train under Notch-OFF is operated by inertia within the neutral section. It causes disturbing the operation of electric trains for speed drop and driver`s mistakes. A automatic changeover system with thyristor recently have taken under development. In the paper, it is introduced the configuration of train detection system and performance testing on automatic changeover system..

Efficacy of guaco mouthwashes (Mikania glomerata and Mikania laevigata) on the disinfection of toothbrushes

Guaco Mikania glomerata Spreng. and M. laevigata Sch. Bip. ex Baker, Asteraceae, has antimicrobial activity and may be helpful in reducing the incidence of oral diseases. This double-blinded randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of guaco mouthwashes on the disinfection of toothbrushes used by preschool children, tested positive for mutans streptococci (MS), as well as the quantification of its coumarin contents by high performance liquid chromatography. Ethanol extracts were obtained by percolation. The mouthwashes were prepared with 2.5% g/mL M. glomerata and M. laevigata ethanol extracts, standardized for their coumarin content (% mg/mg). Antimicrobial effect of the mouthwashes and extracts were assessed in vitro against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175TM), using 2.4 to 500 µg/mL to calculate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). For the in vivo study, 24 patients were randomly assigned to a 4-stage changeover system with a one-week interval between each stage. All solutions were used in all stages by a different group of children. After brushing without toothpaste, toothbrushes (n=96) were sprayed with water and solutions of M. glomerata (2.5%), M. laevigata (2.5%) and chlorhexidine (0.12%). Microbiological analysis was carried out after 4 h and 30 days, respectively. MIC values were 400, 125 and 14 µg/mL, respectively, for both crude ethanol extracts, mouthwashes of M. glomerata and M. laevigata. Statistical analysis showed that all solutions decreased contamination of toothbrushes by mutans streptococci (chlorhexidine 50.7±17.7%; M. glomerata 37.3±23.7% and M. laevigata 28.7±25.1% of inhibition). Treatment with chlorhexidine and M. glomerata were statistically similar (p>0.05). M. glomerata mouthwash could be useful in herbal strategy programs against mutans streptococci and the marker coumarin may be not related to the activity observed.

Smart Phase Change-over system with AT89C52 Microcontroller

This project is designed to check the availability of any live phase, and the load will be connected to the live phase only. This feat is achieved with AT89C52 MCU. This controller continuosly checks for live condition of all the phases connected to it, and the controller connects the load the load to the active phase Relay, live phase, controller, rectifier, using a relay. The relay is driven with a transistor. If two or three phases are live, the phase will be connected to the phase that is ON only and automatically transferred to the phase that is ON in the event of a main outage or from generator back to main when restored. An LCD is provided to display the status of the phase condition. Conrast control preset is given for LCD contrast control.. Furthermore the project uses a regulated 12V, 500mA power supply. Bridge type full-wave rectifier was used to rectify the a.c output of the secondary 230/12V step -down transformer.

Evaluation of home disinfection protocols for acrylic baseplates of removable orthodontic appliances: A randomized clinical investigation

In this randomized clinical trial, we investigated, using the microbial culture technique and scanning electron microscopy, the contamination of acrylic baseplates of removable orthodontic appliances by mutans streptococci (MS) and evaluated the efficacy of different home disinfection protocols with a 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate spray (Periogard, Colgate-Palmolive, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil). Fifteen dental students were randomly enrolled in a 3-stage changeover system with a 1-week interval between each stage. The acrylic baseplates were worn full time except at meals to simulate the routine use of removable appliances under clinical conditions. Three 1-week home disinfection protocols were tested in all stages by a different group of students: protocol I, toothbrushing+ baseplate brushing+ sterile tap water spraying once a day; protocol II, toothbrushing+ baseplate brushing+ Periogard spraying on the seventh day after appliance placement; and protocol III, toothbrushing+ baseplate brushing+ Periogard spraying on the fourth and seventh days after appliance placement. After the first week, the volunteers received new baseplates, toothbrushes, and dentifrices, and the regimens were repeated 2 more times. At the end of each week, the baseplates had a randomized disinfection protocol and were sent for microbiologic analysis. A scanning electron microscope was used to examine 3 acrylic baseplates representing each home protocol. The Friedman test (α= 0.05) compared the home protocols for the formation of MS colonies or biofilms on the acrylic surfaces. MS colonies or biofilms were found on all acrylic baseplates after protocol I. Protocols II and III reduced significantly (P<0.05) the number of MS colonies and biofilms on the acrylic surfaces. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed between protocols II and III. The scanning electron microscope analysis confirmed the results of the microbiologic cultures. Disinfection of baseplates of removable orthodontic appliances by using 0.12% chlorhexidine spray once or twice a week reduced the contamination by MS on the acrylic surface invivo.

Reconfigurable Control Structure for Robots in Assembly

The increased use of changeable characteristics in modern manufacturing and robotic systems and applications call for improved system control design that offers some degree of reconfigurability. The need for control reconfiguration of robotic systems arises due to some inherent characteristics of the robotic system, variations of robot parameters due to environmental changes, major task changes typical in production changeover or manufacturing system reconfiguration, or geometry changes due to the reconfiguration of modular manipulators. In this paper, a reconfigurable controller, the Supervisory Control Switching System (SCSS), is proposed to meet the new on-line demands for changeability in robotic systems. The SCSS is capable of selecting the most suitable controller for a particular task or situation, from separate controllers designed a priori. The applicability and effectiveness of the developed switching control scheme have been illustrated through computer simulations of an AdeptOne SCARA manipulators carrying out assembly tasks.

In-vivo evaluation of the bacterial contamination and disinfection of acrylic baseplates of removable orthodontic appliances

This randomized clinical trial assessed, by using microbial culture and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the contamination by mutans streptococci (MS) colonies/biofilms on acrylic baseplates of removable orthodontic appliances and evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial sprays (Periogard [Colgate-Palmolive Ind. Brasileira, Osasco, SP, Brazil], Cepacol [Merrell Lepetit Farmacêutica e Industrial Ltda, Santo Amaro, SP, Brazil], and sterile tap water [control]) on their disinfection. Seventeen children were randomly enrolled in a 3-stage changeover system with a 1-week interval between each stage. All solutions were used in all stages by a different group of children. The acrylic baseplates were worn full time except at meals. At the end of each week of the trial, the baseplates were submitted to a randomized disinfection protocol and were sent for microbiologic analysis. New baseplates were constructed, and the same sequence of procedures was repeated 2 more times. Acrylic baseplates representing each test solution were examined by SEM. The Friedman test assessed differences at the 5% significance level among the solutions for MS biofilm formation on acrylic surface. Cepacol and Periogard reduced the formation of MS colonies/biofilms, and both solutions differed statistically from sterile tap water (P <.001). However, Periogard was significantly more effective against MS than Cepacol (P <.001). When MS colonies/biofilms were detected on acrylic surfaces under stereomicroscopy, this was confirmed with SEM. Acrylic baseplates of removable orthodontic appliances worn by children were contaminated by MS colonies/biofilms in all cases after 1 week. Although Cepacol had better results than sterile tap water, spraying with Periogard showed significantly greater efficacy in reducing MS colonies/biofilms on acrylic surfaces.

Improved helium exchange gas cryostat and sample tube designs for automated gas sampling and cryopumping

In order to eliminate the use of liquid helium for the extraction of atmospheric gases from polar ice cores, two units of a redesigned top load helium exchange gas cryostat were built and tested. The cryostats feature the shortest and largest diameter sample wells built to date, a base temperature below 7 Kelvin, and a sample well without baffles. The cryostats allowed shortening the length and thus increasing the gas pressure inside our sample tubes by 58% and increasing the amount of sample ending up in the mass spectrometer by 4.4%. The cryostats can either be used as mobile stand‐alone units for manual gas processing lines or integrated into a fully automated vacuum extraction and gas analysis line. For the latter application the cryostat was equipped with a custom‐designed automated changeover system.

A novel laboratory fermentation equipment allowing to obtain gas exchanges and doubling time for the study of yeast metabolism

This equipment is composed of a commercially available fermenter and a set of home-made devices. Successively are described: 1) a very simple and inexpensive interface in order to use the not galvanically isolated output voltages of the regulation block; 2) an electric modification of a nephelometer in order to obtain a range automatic changeover system; 3) an original method with three turbine flow-rate meters combined with an oxygen trap to obtain gas exchanges; 4) another original method of gas calibration with effervescent tablets. A culture of a wild type strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is shown, as an example, with the calculated culture parameters and their standard deviations.