Change Requests Research Articles

Blending agile methodologies to support automotive SPICE compliance

AbstractCurrently, agile methodologies are widely used as a light‐weight development process model based on short development cycles, which can satisfy frequent change requests from customers and stakeholders, and reach an efficient product delivery. On the other hand, most suppliers in the automotive industry are currently facing a challenge to comply to automotive SPICE (ASPICE) standard, which is a domain‐specific model of ISO/IEC 15504. Moreover, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have increasingly requested ASPICE compliance from their suppliers to accurately assess their process quality capability. This paper analyzes to what extent the ASPICE process areas were covered by agile and aims to propose a model based on integrating agile methodologies, as well as customize some agile practices so that it can fit in the Automotive SPICE process model and support automotive suppliers to achieve the required ASPICE rating. MAN.03, which is the process area for project management, was selected from the process reference model (PRM). Then, each base practice (BP) was mapped to the suitable agile methodology. Moreover, MAN.03 consists of 10 BPs, and each BP rating was measured to be N, P, L, or F. For Level 1, we applied Kanban on BP.4 and Scrum on the remaining BPs. For Level 2, we applied Scrum on all generic practices. We presented our results after deploying Kanban, and a restructured version of Scrum, which makes it in compliance with the automotive industry. The approach taken in this study could be applied in other process areas in the PRM afterwards.

Optimization of the High Order Correctors for HL-LHC Toward the Series Production

INFN is developing at the LASA lab (Milano, Italy) the High Order (HO) corrector magnets for the High Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC) project, which will equip the interaction regions. Five prototypes, from skew quadrupole to dodecapole, have been designed and tested at LASA. All the HO correctors are based on a superferric design, which allows a relatively simple, modular, and easy to construct magnet. This modularity has been exploited for an engineering change request. The tradeoff between safe handling, force management during cooldown, powering and protection of the magnet is explained in detail. The design of the coils and the mechanical assembly have been improved to increase the efficiency of the series production. Most of the optimizations are aimed to guarantee both a good integration in the LHC framework (i.e., radiation hardness, easiness of installation, safe operation over years), and compatibility with the series production (i.e., standardization of procedures and components for different magnets, reduction of the number of components, standardization of the quality control systems and acceptance tests). All of the produced magnets will be tested at LASA and then delivered to CERN. The design of the test-bed and the optimization of cryogenic and testing procedures is also described in this paper. Following the completion of the prototyping phase, we report in detail the solutions chosen for the HO correctors and we give a perspective of the series construction in industry and acceptance tests at LASA.

MBSE delivers significant return on investment in evolutionary development of complex SoS

AbstractThe Submarine Warfare Federated Tactical Systems (SWFTS) is a rapidly evolving combat system of systems (SoS) product family. Managing the annual baseline updates requires processing thousands of baseline change requests, then coordinating and verifying their implementation. The complexity of this effort, which involves well over ten million source‐lines‐of‐code (SLOC) as well as Commercial‐Off‐the‐Shelf (COTS) and military‐unique hardware, is compounded by being deployed in ten variants.After a feasibility study in 2010 the SWFTS systems engineering and integration program started a transition from traditional requirements database and document‐centric systems engineering (DCSE) to a model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) process. At that time there was little solid evidence in the literature for a positive Return on Investment (ROI) for moving from DCSE to MBSE.Applying MBSE to this program has resulted in measurable monetary and operational benefits. We 1) summarize the DCSE to MBSE transition, 2) describe the accomplishments and observations to date, 3) define the metrics collected, and 4) quantify the achieved ROI. Background on the systems engineering and integration (SE&I) process and an apples‐to‐apples comparison of SE quality and efficiency are provided. The raw SE&I efficiencies of the DCSE and MBSE approaches are documented, along with conclusions showing that the MBSE approach delivers a positive ROI through higher quality SE products at significantly less cost‐per‐change, enables managing more baselines and SoS complexity using constant resources, and reduces the cost of the downstream integration effort.

Proposed Design Improvement In Process Flow and Form Of Process Change Request at PT. ABC

PT. ABC is a corporation in the automotive manufacturing industry. In corporation's production, PT. ABC supplies goods from several suppliers. Quality management of suppliers and supply goods is needed by PT. ABC to obtain supplies according to the standards set by PT. ABC. The Process Change Request (PCR) is a requisite process for the standard change of supply items covering 4M (man, machine, method, and material). The process flow and form of Process Change Request have been standardized and listed on the Supplier Quality Assurance Manual (SQAM). The Supplier Quality Assurance Manual (SQAM) is the requirement document as a guide to the quality of parts and components, a corporation's internal quality assurance, and a policy for suppliers. In the process flow and form of PCR has been found a problem of inconsistency between the ideal time and the actual time of the PCR's approval phase which hampered the supply of PT. ABC caused by waste. In this study, the researcher proposed the improvement design to the process flow and form of PCR by applying the kaizen concept approach (continuous improvement) using the plan step of The PDCA cycle method (plan-do-action) and the fishbone diagram.

The Kajian Sosiopragmatik Strategi Tindak Tutur Kritik Karakter Antagonis Ibu Jawa; Bu Tejo dalam Film Tilik


 Abstract
 The sociopragmatic study is one that can explore the reflection of local wisdom that can be learned by the Javanese and even nationally. This research data is working from the Short Film - Tilik (2018) by focusing on the main character who is also the antagonist, Bu Tejo. Performed with an image of cynical Javanese mothers, it is good to see how the strategy is used and what are the motivations rely upon behind the utterances. Analysis of the study of speech act of criticism strategies can be used to hone of forms this characters often use. To conduct this research, the method used is transcribing all dialogues that are focused on only Bu Tejo's dialogue. There were 81 strategies of critical speech acts classified based on the form of direct criticism speech acts and indirect criticism speech acts. Direct speech acts criticism includes negative evaluation strategies, disapproval, expressions of disagreement, identify of problems, statements of difficulty and consequences. Meanwhile, the strategy of indirect speech acts criticism are corrections, identifying standards, demanding for change, request for change, suggestions of change, expressions of certainty and asking/presupposing. In examining the narrative using these strategies, it is also discovered the social motive implied by the main character of this antagonist through his critical utterances.
 Keywords: Speech act of criticism, sociopragmatics, film

Socio-Economic Status of the Actors of the Request for Change

The article analyzes the socio-economic situation of supporters of change and adherents of stability in the statics (according to 2019) and dynamics (during 1997–2019). The analysis confirms the concept that the importance of the absolute socio-economic situation (level of income) has no significant connection with the presence/absence of protest requests. The study of subjective satisfaction with the socio-economic situation was found to be more productive. At the same time, the point of view that the main supporters of change in post-Soviet Russia are Russians who feel they are poorer should be strongly rejected. The analysis showed that supporters of change in Russia are, as a rule, people with average financial status. At the same time, compared to previous years, by the end of the 2010s actors for change are gaining new features: being more satisfied with their backround, they demonstrate dissatisfaction with the aspects of their lives that determine their future (material situation, access to quality medical care and, especially, the ability to express their political views). Social and political factors, in contrast to the first post-Soviet decade, come to the fore. In general, the main social and economic differences in recent years between supporters of change and supporters of stability can be described as follows: those who want to change are more acutely affected by the problems of financial standing and maintaining health, but even more acutely by the decline in political opportunities in society.

The Deming management method and digital partnering in a construction procurement contract

In this case study of a research and development facility construction project at a large biopharmaceutical organization, we explored how digital investments must be accompanied by a partnership approach and a transformation of the cultural values of an organization tied to operational principles. The project faced considerable challenges, including a highly constrained market environment, time and cost constraints, and a multiyear organization transformation with a diverse mix of stakeholder objectives. Despite these challenges, the project was brought in under budget and on schedule, achieving other objectives that often seem at odds with each other (best-in-class sustainability ratings, quality scores from customers, and with a remarkably low number of change requests). We found that significant stakeholder engagement early in the architect and contractor selection process leads to the right contract management process and ultimately successful outcomes. A key insight from this case involves the need for differentiated supplier relationship management for procurement-project team integration.

GIS PROJECT AS AN UNIFIED SPACE FOR WORKING WITH GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL DATA

The article described the role of GIS projects when working with geological and geophysical data in the production process of oil and gas enterprises. The sequence of the formation of GIS project content in the process of geological exploration is highlighted. Practical examples of using of accumulated geodata are given. They used for assessing the quality of initial geophysical data, for studying the geological structure of the area of interest, for preparing cartographic materials of various degrees of significance. The approbation was carried out within the cartographic support for geological exploration works at sites in various regions of the Russian Federation and other world countries. The universality of GIS projects using has been determined: as a tool for working with geodata, an instrument for creating cartographic products, a single point of access to the accumulated information, a data warehouse. The general patterns of consumers' requests for digital cartographic information frequency changes during the main stages of geophysical work have been identified.

Investigation of the Software Code Vulnerabilities' Impact on the Popularity of Open Source Software Projects

This paper has statically investigated the source code of open source software (OSS) projects to uncover the presence of vulnerabilities in the code. The conducted research emphasizes that the presence of vulnerabilities has adverse effects on the overall software quality. The authors found the increasing trends in the vulnerabilities as the lines of code (LOC) increases during the software evolution. This signifies the fact that the addition of new features or change requests into the OSS project may cause an increase in vulnerability. Further, the relation between software vulnerabilities and popularity is also examined. This research does not find the existence of any relationship among software vulnerabilities and popularity. This research will provide significant implications to the developers and project managers to better understand the present state of the software.

UI Test case prioritization on an industrial setting: A search for the best criteria

This work was developed in an industrial setting towards UI regression testing, where we do not have access to source code and the majority of test cases are manually executed (and only part of the regression-based test cases can be executed due to limited resources). Test case prioritization (TCP) is indicated for such a scenario. But characteristic of many TCP techniques is that they rely on source code coverage information, whereas we just have access to test cases, change requests, and their features. Thus, our goal is to investigate which criteria is the most relevant for prioritization. Thus, according to the literature we create an optimization model based on historical data. This model is embedded in a constraint solver designed for optimization. Our optimization function is based on the APFD (Average of the Percentage of Faults Detected) metric, but other metrics can be used as well. We have found that our partner already uses an appropriate criterion to identify failures which is statistically equivalent to other criteria used in experiments using our optimization model.

Code Analysis Tool to Detect Extract Class Refactoring Activity in Vb.Net Classes

Code changes due to software change requests and bug fixing are inevitable in software lifecycle. The code modification may slowly deviate the code structure from its original structure that leads to unreadable code. Even though the code structure does not affect the software behaviour, it affects the code understandability and maintainability of software. Code refactoring is typically conducted to enhance the code structure; however, this task needs a lot of developers’ effort. Thus, this paper aims at developing a tool that will help programmers identify possible code refactoring.Weconsider two aspects of refactoring:(i) refactoring activities, and (ii) refactoring prediction model. In terms of refactoring activity, we focus on Extract Class. The object-oriented metrics are used to predict the possibility of code refactoring. The combination of two refactoring aspects recommends the possible refactoring effort and identify classes that are involved. As a result, we managed to get 79% percent of accuracy based on the 11 correct results out of 14 that the tool correctly detected. On top of supporting programmers in improving codes, this work also may give more insight into how refactoring improvessystems.

Use of an electronic seizure diary in a randomized, controlled trial of natalizumab in adult participants with drug-resistant focal epilepsy

ObjectiveTo analyze electronic diary (e-diary) use in a phase 2, randomized, controlled clinical trial (OPUS; NCT03283371) of natalizumab in adult participants with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. MethodsWe developed an e-diary, which incorporated an episodic seizure diary and a daily diary reminder, for use as the primary source to record participants’ daily seizure activity in the OPUS phase 2 clinical trial. Participants and/or their designated caregivers made e-diary entries by selecting seizure descriptions generated in the participants’ and/or caregivers’ own words at the time of screening. Seizures and seizure-free days were reported for the current day and for up to 5 and 4 retrospective days, respectively. A record of seizure symptoms entered within the prior 5-day period was displayed on accessing the diary. Changes were not permitted in the e-diary once a seizure record was saved unless a data change request was made. A paper backup diary was available. ResultsE-diary entries (N = 15,176) from the 6-week baseline period and subsequent 24-week placebo-controlled period were analyzed for 66 adults who were randomized and dosed in the OPUS trial. The overall e-diary compliance, defined as the total number of days with any entry out of the total number of days in the baseline and placebo-controlled periods for all participants combined, was 83.6%. Caregivers made 190 (1.3%) e-diary entries. Day-of-event e-diary entries totaled 11,248 (74.1%). At least one paper backup diary was used by 36 (54.5%) participants. SignificanceOur data highlight that good e-diary compliance can be achieved across participants in randomized clinical trials in adult focal epilepsy. In addition to identifying and addressing any barriers that may prevent a minority of participants from achieving good e-diary compliance, consideration of e-diary elements, such as recall period and reporting of seizure-free days, will facilitate the most accurate data capture in epilepsy clinical trials.

Marketing Online Using Change Request Management

Abstract In this paper is presented the change request management approach of a web-based application which represents an online marketplace for local producers. Nowadays, for all type of businesses, working both offline and online is a must. In digitalization era, the fast development of a compact online marketplace platform involves both a well-established project plan and change management control system.

Request for Changes from Russian Citizens: Political and Axiological Dimension

Request for Changes from Russian Citizens: Political and Axiological Dimension

What are the most common reasons for return of ethics submissions? An audit of an Australian health service ethics committee

One of the key criticisms of the ethical review process is the time taken to decision, and associated resource use. A key source of delay is that most submissions are required to respond to at least one request for further information or clarification from the Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC). This study audited the request letters of a single Australian public health HREC using content analysis. Twenty-four submissions were analysed, including 355 individual request elements. Most submissions received a single request letter. There was a mean number of 14.2 (SD = 5.5) elements per letter for the first request and a mean of 2.1 (SD = 1.2) for subsequent requests. Administrative errors were the most common source of request for further information, occurring in all submissions. The second most common theme was the content of the Participant Information and Consent Form, occurring in 79% of submissions. Other common themes, present in over 50% of submissions, concerned: data collection and study procedures; general ethical considerations; recruitment and consent; site, setting or patient pool; research design and methodology; and data management and security. In terms of the general purpose of the HREC comments, 44% were direct corrections or specific requests for changes, 42% were asking for more information or clarification of existing information, and 14% were the HREC expressing concerns about an element of the study, without directly suggesting a change. Overall, the study provides some evidence to show that the quality of the submission (ensuring correct attachments, up to date documents, clear information etc.) could account for a significant proportion of the burden and delay associated with ethical review.

A Novel Pseudonym Assignment and Encryption Scheme for Preserving the Privacy of Military Vehicles

In this digital era, security has become one of the important topics of concern, and things become more critical for military vehicles where safety plays a vital role. In this paper, we have discussed a pseudonym-based approach that preserves the real identity of military vehicles. This paper also focuses on military vehicles’ location privacy by deploying a novel pseudonym assignment and encryption schemes. The proposed security scheme is based on a hybrid approach of matrix array symmetric key and the intelligent water drop scheme. After implementing the proposed security scheme, each military vehicle will obtain its pseudonym for hiding their original identities. The proposed algorithm effectively manages pseudonym generation and change requests for the local region and inter-region environment. The proposed security scheme not only provides secure communication and preservation of location privacy of military vehicles but also ensures their security against various attacks. Finally, the time efficiency of proposed algorithms is obtained for both local and inter-region requests. Comparative analysis shows that the proposed scheme is more efficient than other existing techniques.

Feasibility study for an automated engineering change process

Engineering change is a significant cost for projects. While avoiding and mitigating the risk of change is ideal, mistakes and improvements are recognised as more is learned about the decisions made in a design. This paper presents a feasibility and performance analysis of automating engineering change requests to demonstrate the promise for increasing speed, efficiency, and effectiveness of product-lifecycle-wide engineering-change-requests. A comparatively simple case is examined to mimic the reduced set of alterable aspects of a typical change request and to highlight the need of appropriate search algorithms as brute force methods are prohibitively resource intensive. Although such cases may seem trivial for human agents, with the volume of expected change requests in a typical facility, the potential opportunity gain by eliminating or reducing the amount of human effort in low-level changes accumulate into significant returns for the industry on time and money. Herein, the genetic algorithm is selected to demonstrate feasibility with its broad scope of applicability and low barriers to deployment. Future refinement of this or other sophisticated algorithms leveraging the nature of the standard representations and qualities of alterable design features could produce tools with strong implications for process efficiency and industry competitiveness in its projects execution.

Visible name changes promote inequity for transgender researchers.

Allowing for invisible name changes is a matter of dignity for trans researchers. This would prevent their own publication record from outing them without their consent. A single, centralized name change request through ORCID iD would alleviate the burden of changing each publication individually.

Natural language processing methods for knowledge management—Applying document clustering for fast search and grouping of engineering documents

Product development companies collect data in form of Engineering Change Requests for logged design issues, tests, and product iterations. These documents are rich in unstructured data (e.g. free text). Previous research affirms that product developers find that current IT systems lack capabilities to accurately retrieve relevant documents with unstructured data. In this research, we demonstrate a method using Natural Language Processing and document clustering algorithms to find structurally or contextually related documents from databases containing Engineering Change Request documents. The aim is to radically decrease the time needed to effectively search for related engineering documents, organize search results, and create labeled clusters from these documents by utilizing Natural Language Processing algorithms. A domain knowledge expert at the case company evaluated the results and confirmed that the algorithms we applied managed to find relevant document clusters given the queries tested.

The experience of psychodiagnostic and counselling work of the hotline in the conditions of pandemic in Transnistria

The subject of this research is the interaction of psychologists with the callers to psychological support hotline in the conditions of pandemic in Transnistria. The authors explore the peculiarities of communication between specialists and clients of the crisis hotline in the time of large-scale emergency situation. The article describes the experience of organizing and functioning of the open hotline within the regional component in Transnistria during 2020–2021. Special attention is given to structurization of the principles and technologies of the emergency psychological response in the work of psychological support lines under the conditions of the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. The authors determine the peculiarities of rapid diagnostics in the context of counseling over the phone, outline the stages, tasks and specificity of psychological counseling of hotline callers based on the sampling of over 2,000 callers, including 176 adolescents and young men. The novelty of this research consist in determination of the diagnostics and counseling in the work of the psychological support hotline based on the regional specificities features of Transnistria and conflict emotional experiences of its residents. Leaning on the acquired results, the author develops practical recommendations for the hotline specialists of rendering psychological supports in the CIS countries, taking into account changing requests of the citizens in the conditions of crisis and emergency situations. The analysis of the results reveals the nature of appeals of the citizens to hotline and their conflict emotional experiences in the time of COVID-19 pandemic. The conclusion is made that the crucial components in interaction the psychologists and callers to the psychological support hotline in the context of the pandemic in Transnistria are associated with anger, frustration, experiencing loss, depressive states, child-parent relations, and distance learning.