Epochal Change Research Articles

Long-term Trends in Construction Engineering and Management Research in Korea

This bibliographic study presents a historical perspective on Korea's construction engineering and management (CEM) research and reports a 27-year analysis of papers written by Korean CEM researchers between 1993 and 2019. Frequency analysis of the collected papers was performed according to three main perspectives: the knowledge area, research topics, and methods. Knowledge area analysis shows that research fields have become more diversified and subdivided. Construction technology, cost management, and planning and schedule management have consistently maintained the top three positions for the past three decades. In addition, quality management, resource management, and risk management were also ranked high in the 2000s. In the 2010s, safety management, environmental management, quality management, and construction industry and business were ranked high. These changes reveal how Korean society's and industry's demands have changed over the years. Furthermore, the findings from keyword frequency analysis revealed that the focus of CEM research was mostly on cost and scheduling in the 1990s and on scheduling, risk, cost, and construction automation in the 2000s. The advent of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the 2010s was an epochal change. This study found that the research methods frequently used by CEM researchers were simulation, optimization, regression analysis, computer vision and image processing, 3D modeling, case-based reasoning, genetic algorithm, case study, economic analysis, and artificial neural network.

The Constitution of Sanjak-Montenegrin Bosniak’s History Within Husein Bašić’s Pentalogy “Replacements”

The paper analyzes the novels of symbolic titles: Other Nests, A Gate Without a Key, Bones and Crows, Barren Turkish, White Asians, integrated in the roman-fleuve Replacements (2000). The key starting point of this confessional chronicle’s chronotope are the decisions in Berlin regarding the withdrawal of Turkish troops and the changes of borders in the Balkans. Being led to tragic consequences, Bosniaks, the Islamic Slavic population, were given the burden of “Turkish guilt”. Confronted with stigmatization, Bosniaks experienced persecution, ethnic cleansing, mass and individual murders, and emigration to Turkey. Their name, national and cultural identity, homeland, state, and existence were called into question. Questioning his life as a clerk in the Imperial Archives, Ibrahim Žioc, the narrator, recounts little stories of great significance concerning human life and destiny. He produces panoramic, temporal sections which pose as compensation for the taboo subject of historical discourse regarding the Sanjak- Montenegrin Bosniaks’ destiny. Documenting the violence and the exodus of the people forced to face numerous forms of terror, the narration rhythmically accents wondrous stories, extraordinary portraits, and characters, remarkable examples of human kindliness, compassion, and humorous remarks. Employing his poetic talent, Husein Bašić introduces a lyrical component to the fictional world. The use of sophisticated narrative methods aestheticizes the evil destiny of one nation. The novels represent a literary testimony about a period of historical processes and epochal changes in the Balkans, deeply entrenched within the layered and complex contexts of Bosniak culture and history. With authentic artistic speech, the representation and interpretation of historical dramas and traumas, Bašić constituted the unwritten history of Sanjak-Montenegrin Bosniaks and awakened the identity crushed by existential crises that the wars of the 20th century had brought.

The Death of Fordism and the Family Wage in Labor Documentaries: A Feminist Analysis

This paper analyzes three labor documentaries released from 1989 to 1991, which depict the United States’ assumed transition from a Fordist to post-Fordist economy. Feminist textual analysis focuses on the depiction of workplaces and gender roles in Roger and Me, American Dream, and Fast Food Women. The analysis demonstrated that discourses of epochal change in the context only held true if one looked at a slice of the U.S. labor market largely dominated by White men. Focusing on feminine sex-typed labor demonstrated the worst elements of industrial Fordism remained in post-Fordist workplaces. Long-standing sexual divisions of labor were unambiguously repeated in post-Fordist work and intensified in a discussion of the family wage.

Epochal Changes in the Intrinsic Nature/Dynamics of Flood and Drought During Indian Summer Monsoon

AbstractThe basic and derived meteorological parameters, are important factors that affect the epochal changes of monsoonal drought/flood events which consequently influence the socio‐economic aspects of India. The anomalous tricade departure of parameters namely rainfall, surface pressure, surface temperature, zonal and meridional wind, cloud cover (CC), outgoing longwave radiation, latent heat flux (LHF), sensible heat flux, net incoming shortwave radiation flux and net heat flux (NHF) have been considered between past, and recent tricade respectively drought and flood events. An anomalous decrease (−3 to −2 mm/d) in rainfall over the southern Arabian sea (AS), southern peninsular India and Bay of Bengal during past and recent tricade, on the other side increase (2–2.5 mm/d) in rainfall over the equatorial Indian ocean (EIO) during drought. The drought episode of the recent tricade is showing basin wise significant increase in LHF (20–30 W/m2) and decrease in NHF (−30 to −60 W/m2) from the Somali coast to Indonesian region which is linked with changing oceanic processes linked with the Indian ocean warming. The comparison of past and recent monsoonal flood has shown decrease in the CC over EIO and AS region which supported anomalous highest departure in LHF (12 W/m2) over EIO. A direct association of dry and moist static energy variations have been found to be linked with the surface fluxes during Indian summer monsoon season. Further, epochal differences of vertically integrated moisture flux convergence is consistent with flood/drought rainfall anomaly. Thus, radiative imbalance also plays a secondary role in determining epochal nature of drought/flood variability and its nature.

Концепция задействования организационно- управленческого потенциала кооперативного хозяйствования в системно-институциональном преобразовании российской экономики

In the context of the change in the historical epochs of human civilization and its cultural ones, the content, character, forms, algorithms and methods of functioning of all available types of management change, with the transformation of their essence and with a change in the positive or negative sign of their social utility. However, the cooperative type of management, being included as one of the backbone elements in the integral complex of types of management of the economic system of one kind or another, is an exception in the sense that it is not transformed due to its squeezing out of the area of economic activity by types of management more adapted to the struggle - this is due to the cohesion of a number of historical circumstances. This negative trend can and should be replaced by the trend of revival and further progressive development of the cooperative type of management, concentrating on the use of its organizational and managerial potential in the system-institutional.

SCHELLINGIAN MOTIVES IN M. RICHIR’S PHENOMENOLOGY: PHENOMENOLOGICAL UNCONSCIOUSNESS AND TRANSCENDENTAL HYPNOSE

The article provides a philosophical reconstruction of the composition of key motives in the phenomenological project of Mark Richir, who is known for his criticism of the symbolic institution. Following Richir’s deep inspiration in Schelling’s philosophy allows to find connections between his theory of the phenomenological unconscious and affectivity, his commentaries concerning Greek mythology and mythological thinking in La Naissance de Dieux—and his political theory. Along with general historical and philosophical comments on a number of translations of Schelling into French, Richir repeatedly refers to Schelling in his own theoretical arguments. The research shows how some of Richir’s concepts — in particular, his interpretation of the phenomenological unconsciousness, myth, the Protean nature of power, the change of grand epochs as a change of types of the symbolic institutions of power—can be understood on the basis of relevant passages from Schelling’s philosophy, and how a semantic genealogical connection between them can be built. By considering the importance of the phenomenological unconsciousness in the course of phenomenalization process as described in Richir’s works, it is proposed to contrast the interpretation of the unconsciousness, which retains its simple mystery and the ways of dealing, with it in Richir’s version: while psychoanalysis is striving for the “disenchantment” of the unconsciousness by means of translating it into the symbolic language and transferring the living potentiation of meaning into the reproduction of a symptom. Richir’s phenomenological appeal to mythology turns out to be a non-trivial shift from theoretical philosophy to practical philosophy. The article also pays attention to the theory of power in Richir and Lefort, which presumably dates back to La Boétie. It is proposed to reveal the antithesis of the imaginary policy of the despot proposed by Richir, reproducing the symbolic institution of power and supporting the transcendental illusion of the need for control and order in the form of a kind of “hypnosis”—and real politics as a praxis of freedom.

ПРО ЗАГАЛЬНУ І СПЕЦІАЛЬНІ ТЕОРІЇ ЦІННОСТІ

Ретроспективно розглянуто класичні й новітні концепції і теорії вартості й цінності. Акцентовано на синтетичних і фундаментальних розробках, необхідності їх розвитку з огляду на випереджальну експансію сфери олюднення. Висунуто гіпотезу про всезагальність і складність ціннісних відносин. Визначено їх філософсько-загальнонауковий і економічний зміст. Ціннісні відносини (цінність) представлено як складну систему суб’єкт-суб’єктних відносин з приводу взаємопов’язаних і економічно значимих для суб’єктів відповідностей: а) між суб’єктивним образом реального об’єкта й самим реальним об’єктом, у тому числі між різними елементами першого, з одного боку, і різними елементами останнього – з іншого; б) між різними елементами суб’єктивного образа реального об’єкта; в) між різними елементами реального об’єкта. Зазначена система є ядром фундаментальної теоретичної моделі (схеми) цінності. Охарактеризовано кориснісну і витратнісну складові цінності, а також тріалектику її загального, особливого й унікального. Загальна складова цінності притаманна всім ерам і епохам розвитку людства, особлива – окремим епохам і сферам діяльності, унікальна – окремим способам виробництва. Розроблено темпоральний простір загальної теорії цінності в координатах результатів діяльності, сфер і атрибутів, вимірів, а також історичних рамок діяльності й цінності. Показано позиціювання в ньому теорії трудової вартості. Розглянуто історичну коеволюцію діяльності й цінності в контексті співіснування та зміни ер і епох розвитку людства. Запропоновано концептуальну і фундаментальну теоретичну схему загальної теорії цінності. Ядра спеціальних теорій цінності набувають статусу часткових теоретичних схем загальної теорії цінності. Зроблено висновок про необхідність каталізації наукових пошуків тих нових спеціальних теорій цінності, які здатні адекватно описати й пояснити ціннісні відносини в олюдненні (опосередкованому, безпосередньому і в цілому), в тому числі у створенні знаннєвих і знаннєво-інформаційних продуктів

Western European Musical and Performance Professionalism in Historical-Evolutionary and Social-Cultural Contexts

The purpose of the article is to reveal the regularities of the polymorphism of the Western European music-performance paradigms of professionalism in historical and socio-cultural coordinates from the Middle Ages to the end of the 19th century. The research methodology: source studies for the formation of ideas about the scientific and applied-practical basis of performance principles and educational systems of different eras laid out in treatises, methods, instrumental schools of European thinkers, teachers, and performers-practitioners of the past; retrospective and system-analytical in the selection and analysis of scientific literature; cultural-historical to trace the historical dynamics of musical and performing expertise in the lens of the aesthetic and spiritual superstructure of society. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the consideration of the problem of epochal changes in performing traditions is carried out contextually. Taking as a basis the definition of the musical professionalism of the performers, their activity as the main profession, provided with relevant skills and knowledge, which is the basis for obtaining a means of livelihood (not a related occupation, a form of leisure, or hobby), the musical and performing forms characteristic of certain historical eras and are relevant to public demands and requirements for specialists in various performing industries. In parallel, methods and means of understanding musical professionalism are considered. Conclusions. The detection of regularities in the evolution of the criteria of performers’ musical professionalism in the historical and sociocultural projection demonstrates a gradual shift from church and court performance to secular (concert and every day) performance. This dictates the polymorphism and adaptability of the category of musical and performing professionalism. At the same time, there were processes of deeper differentiation of individual specialties, improvement of tools, development of a system of special education centres, development of music science from philosophical generalisation to the study of specific practical-executive and special-pedagogical issues. The named objective manifestations of evolution were accompanied by an increased concentration of attention on the personal and individual growth of the performer and their spiritual and intellectual development.
 Key words: musical professionalism, performance practice, public concerts, vocational education, forms of artistic life, evolution.

Russia in the Context of the Global Crisis

The article examines the features of the current situation in the world and the existing threats to Russia in its confrontation with the collective West. It is shown that the current global crisis is caused by the change of historical epochs and the transformation of the world system into a qualitatively new state. The old patterns stop working, it’s time to design the future. In these conditions, Russia has a chance to propose its own world order project and become one of the leaders in the new historical reality. But this requires a purposeful and wise policy.Aim. The aim of this article is to analyze the current situation in the world and substantiate Russia’s policy in the current conditions.Tasks. During the research, the following tasks were solved: modeling and forecasting world dynamics in the 21st century, identifying global trends, analyzing the features of the current crisis situation; analysis of the modern confrontation between the collective West and Russia; analysis of the tasks that Russia faces in the short, medium and long term, and justification of ways to solve them.Methods. The methodology for solving these problems is based on the identification of patterns of historical development using modern methods of modeling and forecasting world dynamics, developed at Lomonosov Moscow State University under the guidance of Academician V. A. Sadovnichy.Results. The results of mathematical modeling have shown that humanity is currently moving to a fundamentally new phase of historical development, when the old economic and social technologies (liberal capitalism, classical socialism) no longer work. There is a transition of human society into a new phase state, the shape of which has not yet been determined. In these conditions, we are not talking about forecasting, but about designing the future in new historical conditions. The struggle of world projects begins. Russia’s strategy should be formed on the basis of understanding the specifics of the current situation.Conclusions. The current global crisis creates serious threats to Russia’s development, exacerbates the pressure on it from the collective West. However, at the same time, new opportunities are opening up for Russia: it gets a chance to propose its own world order project and become one of the leaders in the new historical reality. To realize this chance, a purposeful and wise policy is needed. The article suggests a number of measures to implement this policy.

“A THOUSAND MILES” AND “A THOUSAND TASKS”: CHINA’S DIPLOMATIZATION OF MULTIFACETED RUSSIA-UKRAINE CONFLICT AND GLOBAL SECURITY

The People’s Republic of China’s (PRC, China) unflinching stance throughout the ongoing Russian-Ukraine conflict has raised many eyebrows and provoked diverse reactions. The lingering question in different quarters is why China acts as it does and with what intentions. Once again, one troubling international turmoil was laid at the Chinese doorstep, almost turning into “China’s dilemma”. The starting assumption is that PRC’s conduct shows an unswerving strategic orientation toward “building a community with a shared future for mankind” (建设人类命运共同体) through persistent diplomatization. Diplomatization is a distinct process of containing grave security problems by making them a matter of diplomacy. Current analysis falsifies this starting proposition through conceptual inquiry into key actions and documents in China’s diplomatic and political relations with Ukraine in the period from the establishment of the strategic partnership in 2011 up to the head-start of diplomatization of the convoluted Russia-Ukraine conflict by the Global Security Initiative in April 2022. A strong diplomatization pattern is found, showing that China’s stand regarding the Russia-Ukraine conflict is a case of diplomatized security concerns as a trigger for the head-started diplomatization of global security. China consistently pursued conceptualization and persuasion to dispel insecurities and contain warfare and ensuing global disturbances through conversation and deliberation focused on boosting major joint leaps for transforming obsolete modes of governance structures to becoming aligned to the manifest direction of epochal change. Furthermore, China’s global security outlook is firmly anchored in the national security concept.

Modifying the humanities: global challenges of the digital revolution

The relevance of the research is conditioned by the fact that the global challenges of the digital revolution aggravate the dynamic problems faced by the humanities in one way or another. These challenges “modify” the socio-cultural contexts, amending significantly “power maps” and economic realities, as well as traditions and norms, thus influencing the spiritual existence of man and humanity as such at a regular stage of epochal changes. The process of renewal of major institutional discourses is underway, which increases the risks and respectively the ways of their overcoming, complicating the forecasts and expertise of scenarios for the future of the humanities. The purpose of the research is to identify the basic parameters of new paradigms and concepts that influence the change in research and management prospects, as well as to actualise the specific role of humanitaristics and cultural institutions responsible for the process of formation of social consciousness and individual socialisation at the digital age. The essence of humanitaristics is conceptualised by the authors as a set of humanities supplemented by new sociocultural technologies. The research has an interdisciplinary character and is based on theoretical aspects and materials of different sciences (cultural anthropology, philosophy, culturology, semiotics, and sociology); it combines general scientific, philosophical, and culturological methods, among which cultural/historical and social/analytical methods, as well as cross-cultural analysis, are of particular importance. At the same time, the integral approach is viewed by the authors as the methodological basis for the analysis of the specified problems, since it allows a researcher to consider the whole complex of interrelations between the global media sphere, society, and the individual, which influences the evolution of the humanities significantly. The undertaken study provides an opportunity to consider the potential of digital humanitaristics in the system of social sciences, their interdisciplinary development and enhancement in the historical and cultural perspective. As a result, the mission of specialists’ humanitaristic training is identified, which defines the system of values and purports as a basis of the smart-future society. The authors assert that new sociocultural practices of informative/ communicative character are being formed, creating qualitatively changed characteristics of the developing society in digital networks, where an individual’s freedom, cultural self-identification, and opportunities for self-realisation in a virtual environment are perceived differently. Exploring different communication styles in the digital revolution period, the authors highlight such features as its independence, emotional and intellectual openness, focus on innovations, and formation of new intellectual capabilities of the individual in the Internet space – the factors that contribute to the formation of identity, self-esteem and intrinsic values, tolerance, global orientation, social and civic responsibility. This proves that humanitaristics in the 21st century is acquiring new qualities of transdisciplinarity and a new ideological status making it possible to explore human existence in the cardinally changing global landscape.

Типологія конотативних особливостей гумористичного наративу

Specific markers of the humorous narrative of the literary text are articulated on the basis of the theory of humor, in particular, on such concepts as “incongruity” by A. Schopenhauer, the theory of superiority by T. Hobbes, and “liberation” by Z. Freud. The importance of a receptive reaction to the national criteria of a witticism, which produces humorous pathos, is emphasized. Besides, each literary century has its own specifics of creating the comic. The 20th century, against the background of epochal changes, primarily appeals to irony. The texts of J. Hašek (1883–1923), G. von Rezzori (1914–1998) and F. Iskander (1929–2016) are analyzed. Typologically, they are brought together by the “bokeh effect” (blurring of the background), here it is the historical events that are the background to the main problem that appear “blurred”. In J. Hašek’s unfinished novel “The Fateful Adventures of the Good Soldier Švejk” the illogic of the characters actions appears against the background of the absurdity of war. The fragmentary nature of all depicted events at first deforms the image of Švejk, emphasizing that he is an “absolute idiot”, the pretended idiocy of the hero ironically distorts reality. In a similar way, a humorous narrative is created in the work “Last Year’s Snow” by another quasi-Austrian − G. von Rezzori. The rhizomatic structure of the story together with the narrative, assimilated to a child’s consciousness, creates a comic effect of reception (as well as the quasi-childhood of Švejk). For a children’s narrative, one’s own experiences, rather than historical events, become central. A similar somewhat infantile leveling of reality creates situational comedy in F. Iskander’s stories about the Chik’s childhood. The narrator is also a child, but the author preserves the criteria of a children’s narrative (life-affirming humorous pathos, naive point of view, idealization, unchanged chronotope of childhood). Features of humor inherent in the works of quite different writers connotatively coincide in narrative points. They present the typological incongruence of comic means in creating a humorous narrative.

Helium Abundance Decrease in ICMEs in 23–24 Solar Cycles

Based on the OMNI database, the influence of the solar activity decrease in solar cycles (SCs) 23–24 on the behavior of the relative helium ions abundance Nα/Np inside interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) is investigated. The dependences of the helium abundance on the plasma and interplanetary magnetic field parameters in the epoch of high solar activity (SCs 21–22) and the epoch of low activity (SCs 23–24) are compared. It is shown that Nα/Np significantly decreased in SCs 23–24 compared to SCs 21–22. The general trends of the dependences have not changed with the change of epoch, but the helium abundance dependences on some parameters (for example, the magnitude of the interplanetary magnetic field) have become weaker in the epoch of low activity than they were in the epoch of high activity. In addition, the dependence of the helium abundance on the distance from spacecraft to the ICME axis was revealed; the clearest dependence is observed in magnetic clouds. The Nα/Np maximum is measured at the minimum distance, which confirms the hypothesis of the existence of a helium-enriched electric current inside an ICME.

A word about Mital

It is the first attempt to comprehensively study the professional activities of the Irkutsk architect K. V. Mital. The author follows typical features of life and artistic journey of a provincial architect during the change of historical epochs in the first third of the 20th century. The author reveals the specific features of adaptation of provincial architects to the new aesthetic aspirations of the time, their ability to reconsider their creative views on the basis of political and ideological factors. The article allows to expand the historical knowledge about the period of formation of domestic architecture in provincial cities, which are geographically distant from the centre of the country. Designed for architecture professionals, teachers, postgraduates, students specializing in “Architecture”, “Design of Architectural Environment”, “Theory and History of Culture”, “History”, “Cultural Studies”, as well as a wide range of people interested in regional architecture.

Theology of Work: New Perspectives

The recent evolution of human work seems to signal a change of epoch that presents a challenge for theology. We urgently need a theological reflection that contributes, together with the other sciences, to addressing the challenges of contemporary work from a fully human perspective. This article justifies and presents a research project on recent theology of work which constitutes a starting point for the task mentioned. The article begins with a description of the present labor situation in the world and future prospects. Then, in the second part, it presents a preliminary review of recent theological literature in the fields of dogmatic, biblical, moral, and spiritual (practical) theology, pointing out possible avenues for further exploration. Some theological categories that can help respond to current challenges are suggested.

“Digital Leviathan”: Scenarios for the Development of the Hobbesian Monster in the 21st Century

In the research, the Hobbesian concept of “Leviathan” is used as a metaphor and a “heuristic scheme” describing the change of epochs and the formation of a new universal scale for innovative forms of socio-political organization. The subject of the research is the phenomenon of digitalization, as well as key changes caused by the digital transformation of public policy and power relations. “Digitalization” is considered as an ambiguous and multilevel phenomenon, reflecting a whole series of cardinal transformations in the sociopolitical life of society, which at the ideological, institutional, instrumental, technological and praxiological levels “clears space” for new forms of social organization. Аrgues that currently there is an acute competition to define, legitimize and promote a certain “projective image of the future” corresponding to the latest socio-political order and normative sociotechnological system (“engineering law”). In particular, the author considers contradictory trends, on the one hand, aimed at preserving and reproducing traditional political institutions, and on the other, related to forming new digital era institutions, digital governance structures and practices of public-power interactions. The research pays special attention to the competition of the state and new digital and technological actors in the political space. It discusses various scenarios of digital transformation of society, state, and government and considers such digital effects in the modern political process as “information noise”, “information overload”, “profile reconfigurations” of relations, the formation of alternative digital spaces (metaverses), as well as their influence on the current political order, power relations, socio-political dynamics.

Introduction: Histories: Literary, Natural, Planetary

Abstract: In a series of recent publications, the historian Dipesh Chakrabarty has argued that the planetary crisis triggered by climate change marks the disappearance of the boundary between natural history and human history, rendering our existing narratives of capitalist globalization and the political inadequate. Yet, by framing the problem in such broad, apocalyptic terms, scholarship on literary environmentalism has tended to make the Anthropocene a keyword for historiography while evacuating the term of any historical specificity, although a generation of environmental historians has offered compelling analyses of ecological transformations on regional, national, and global scales. Whether we locate the beginnings of the Anthropocene in plantation agriculture and resource extraction in the colonial world or in rational modes of land management, pasturage, and reliance on fossil fuels at home, literary and extra-literary works in the eighteenth century exhibit an awareness of human impacts on, and epochal changes in, the environmental system. The introduction provides an overview of essays in the special issue, outlining the ways in which the contributors avoid large, mythic generalizations about planetary or human history in favor of a series of place-based, historically attuned inquiries into human engagement with the environment across the long eighteenth century.

규장각 소장 읍지 선생안 자료를 통해 본 여말선초 수령 임기 변화의 실태

The data on Seonsaenan(先生案) is an important source that must be referred to understand the real condition of Sooryeong during the last years of the Goryeo Dynasty and the early years of the Joseon Dynasty. Accordingly, through a general survey of 776 Eupji(邑誌) stored in Gyujanggak(奎章閣), 35 Seonsaenan(先生案) containing contents before the completion of GyeongGukDaeJeon(經國大典) were obtained. Seonsaenan(先生案) including that in Ham’an(咸安) could be newly introduced. To examine this, The period was divided into 6 sections from 1308, when the local system in Goryeo was largely reorganized, to 1485, when GyeongGuk-DaeJeon(經國大典) was completed. In terms of changes in the average tenure, it was confirmed that the average tenure increased after the introduction of the Sixty-months Act. However, as a result of examining the proportion of each section, it was found that in all five sections except for the last section, those who served for more than one year and less than two years had the highest proportion. This means that although the Sixty-months Act was clearly effective, it did not bring about an epochal change since the early 14th century.

Образ музыки как феномен культуры

The article considers the art of music as a means of human self-realization in a historical retrospective from the era of Antiquity to the present. Revealing the phenomenology of musical art through a philosophical and cultural approach, the authors focus on the change of cultural epochs, which allows us to consider culture and music as a means of human self-realization. In this article, in this context, the image of music as a cultural phenomenon will be considered, which will require disclosure of the specifics of music as a special type of artistic activity, determining the place of music in the system of arts, as well as determining the essence of the cultural phenomenon. As a result, the authors come to the conclusion that music, as a multidimensional reflection of the phenomena of reality, constantly absorbs the entire cultural experience of mankind and, processing it with its own means, performs a special synthesis in this experience, which allows us to consider it as a cultural phenomenon.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DIMENSIONAL PARAMETERS OF THE MAXILLARY TEETH AMONG THE POPULATION OF KRASNOYARSK IN THE XVII–XXI CENTURIES

Background. Studies devoted to the analysis of the odontological features of paleoanthropological material and modern population reveal epochal changes in dental structures, as well as ethnic and specific features of the population of individual regions. The study of odontological structures of different epochs allows to obtain information about the reduction and its speed, as well as the prevalence of dental anomalies in individual regions.
 Aim. To identify the changeability of the values of the dimensional parameters of maxillary teeth of the population of the city of Krasnoyarsk, taking into account the time vector.
 Materials and methods. The current odontometric study was conducted on the modern population of Krasnoyarsk (n=331), the craniological material of the Pokrovsky Necropolis (XVII century, n=73), and the Vsekhsvyatskiy Necropolis (XVIII­–XIX centuries, n=50). The study was carried out on mesiodistal (MDcor) and vestibulo-oral (VOcor) crown diameters. The modules of teeth crowns (mcor) and the average module of dental crown (mcor M(1-3) (according to the modules of molar crowns) were calculated to characterize the dimensional parameters of teeth crowns in each group in order to determine the general characteristics of the absolute size of the teeth in the jaw.
 Results. Both in female and male samples, the reduction of mesio-distal and vestibulo-oral diameters of some teeth, and accordingly, the reduction of teeth-crown module was revealed. The reduction of maxillary teeth-crown module among the population of Krasnoyarsk of the XVII–XIX is more marked among women. The crown module of right maxillary canine (13 tooth) reduced by 6.41% among women and 3.03% among men by the XXI century. The crown module of 23 tooth reduced by 6,43 % and 2,77% among women and men respectively. Significant reduction of teeth-crown dimensions and modules of teeth 25, 26, 27 by 4,62%, 3,17 % and 1,55% is typical for women, whereas this tendency is not specific to men.
 Conclusions. The analysis of the variability of maxillary teeth-crown modules confirmed the ongoing processes of teeth reduction. The obtained dimensions of the average maxillary teeth-crown module reveal the microdontia in females and mesodontia in males.