Changes In Intentions Research Articles

Canadian Brides’-to-Be Surname Choice: Potential Evidence of Transmitted Bilateral Descent Reckoning

Women’s marital surname change is important, in part, because it affects how often only husbands’ (fathers’) surnames are passed on to offspring: this, in turn, affects the frequency of these “family” names. Brides-to-be, novelly, from across especially western and central Canada (N = 184), were surveyed as to marital surname hyphenation/retention versus change intention, and attitude towards women’s such choices in general. Among women engaged to men, the hypothesized predictors of income and number of future children desired were positively predictive of marital surname retention/hyphenation under univariate analysis. Under multiple regression analysis using these and other predictors from the literature, previously found to be predictive of this DV under univariate analysis, only some of these other predictors were predictive. Of greatest predictiveness was the bride-to-be’s own mother’s marital surname choice (with brides-to-be, more often than would otherwise be predicted, following their mother’s such choice), thus suggesting a possible shift to a transmitted manner of bilateral descent reckoning, towards greater bilateral such reckoning, among a portion of the population. Reported, general attitude towards women’s marital surname retention was predictive of participant brides-to-be’s own reported (imminent) marital surname retention/hyphenation.

Academic Detailing is a Preferred Knowledge Update Tool Among Norwegian Pharmacists to Improve Antibiotic Counseling: Results From a Quantitative Study Employing the Provider Satisfaction With Academic Detailing (PSAD) and the Detailer Assessment of Visit Effectiveness (DAVE) Tools.

Excessive and incorrect use of antibiotics contributes to the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Given that pharmacists act as final checkpoint before antibiotics is handled over to patients, they play a crucial role in promoting proper antibiotic use and ensuring treatment adherence. However, there is often a gap between the patients' needs and perceptions, and what the pharmacists provide. Improving pharmacists' training is essential for enhancing patient-centered care. The aim of this research was to evaluate the suitability of academic detailing (AD) for improving Norwegian pharmacists' knowledge and practice on adherence promoting counseling of antibiotic patients. Key insights from prior qualitative research regarding community pharmacists' position in promoting optimized antibiotic use were incorporated in a tailored AD program. The AD's suitability was evaluated using the validated "Provider Satisfaction with Academic Detailing" (PSAD) and "Detailer Assessment of Visit Effectiveness" (DAVE) instruments. Additionally, participants preferred knowledge updates method were assessed. Eighty-one of 86 visits completed PSAD (94% response rate). Satisfaction summary score for PSAD was 40.03 (of maximum 45) and scale summary score for DAVE 12.45 (of maximum 15). One-sample t-test (P < .001) indicated preference for AD over other knowledge update methods. This study confirmed that AD is a successful knowledge updating tool for improving adherence promoting counseling among Norwegian pharmacists. Future research should align practice change intentions with actions post-AD and evaluate patient impact.

The meta-cognitive role of thought morality in attitude change and behavioural intentions related to doping

ABSTRACT Prior research has examined the relationships between morality, attitudes, and intentions related to doping predominantly via correlational studies based on the theoretical frameworks provided by extensions to the theory of planned behaviour, and the social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. In contrast, the present study experimentally analysed a psychological process (i.e., self-validation) through which thought morality can influence attitudes and intentions. Two hundred and forty-two participants (122 males and 120 females) were randomly assigned to read a message either against or in favour of legalising several doping behaviours in sports, then listed their thoughts regarding that proposal. Next, they were randomly assigned to perceive their thoughts as either moral or immoral, then indicated the extent to which they considered their thoughts as valid. Finally, participants reported their attitudes and intentions regarding the legalisation proposal. As hypothesised, the anti-legalisation (vs. pro-legalisation) message produced more unfavourable thoughts and attitudes, as well as lower intentions to support the legalisation proposal and engage in banned behaviours if legalised in sport. Most importantly, the effects of message direction on attitudes and intentions were greater for participants in the moral (vs. immoral) thought condition. Furthermore, changes in attitudes were consistent with a self-validation process.

Historical retrospects of ensuring financial and tax security of the state (domestic and foreign experience)

The paper states that there is no codified legislation in our country that would regulate legal relations in the field of financial security of the state. Existing regulations regulate only certain aspects of providing a safe space. The modern conversion of current legislation in the security sphere, which remains imperfect to this day, is analyzed. Its future depends on how legally, professionally and effectively the legal mechanisms for ensuring the financial security of the state will be formed. Financial security is a criterion for the effective functioning of the state. Without proper provision of financial security, in practice, it is impossible to solve any of the tasks facing the state. It is always necessary to pay attention to the financial security of the state, but especially in times of economic restructuring, the transition to a new economic and financial development strategy, when it is necessary to form and use huge amounts of financial resources. Note that the disconnection between transnational capital and the national community, the state with its territory and population, destroys the social obligations of capital. Even in the most economically developed states of the world, this trend is developing, but the power of Western economies and the preservation of certain value-ideological foundations allow for the time being to maintain and strive to maintain social harmony within the framework of their national communities. Having analyzed the genesis of regulatory and legal provision of financial security, it was concluded that in the given conditions for the development of science it is necessary to apply a synthesis of definitions of "financial security of the state", a systematic approach to understanding the essence of such a difficult structured phenomenon as security in its various manifestations: financial, economic, national , to transfer creative scientific potential to the legal field with the aim of forming a balanced systemic legal basis, which will provide an opportunity to form an effective mechanism for ensuring the financial security of the state. The task of security during data transmission through local, distributed or global networks against accidental or intentional change, destruction, disclosure, as well as unauthorized use is solved separately. The existence of financial security of the state is the activity of the state as a whole and its parts, it should be aimed at comprehensive development of the financial sphere.

Research on lane-changing decision and control of autonomous vehicles based on game theory

Designing a secure and reliable decision-planning model for vehicle lane changing is of utmost practical significance because it is one of the most frequent driving behaviors and has a substantial impact on the safety of drivers’ lives and property. First, a Gaussian mixed Hidden Markov model (GMHMM) is trained for lane change intention recognition (LCIR), and the results reveal that the model has a great performance. This will simplify the game process and provide drivers and passengers with warnings. Second, the safety, efficiency, and comfort payoffs of vehicle lane changes are taken into account when building the game model. When building the safety payoff function, temporal collision risk and spatial collision risk of vehicles are two of them that are carefully taken into account. After that, the vehicle’s trajectory tracking control is decoupled into lateral LQR + feedforward control and longitudinal dual proportional integral derivative (PID) control based on the Frenet coordinate system. Finally, a vehicle lane change scenario is built for simulation analysis, and the effects of driving comfort factor and driving efficiency factor on lane change results are considered. The results show that the proposed game theory lane change model ensures lane change safety while satisfying human drivers’ requirements for lane change efficiency and comfort.

Do Sustainably Reared Marine Sponges Represent A Potential New Product in Aquariology? A Citizen Science-Based Approach

Marine sponges have historically been targeted for different purposes, mainly as bath sponges or more recently as a source of bioactive metabolites. However, their use as ornamental species for aquariology is less thoroughly studied. In light of the rise in the importance of sustainable production systems and to valorize the biomass obtained from them, this work assessed the market potential of sustainably reared marine sponges in Italian aquariology. Information was obtained by means of an anonymous questionnaire distributed using social media and printed QR codes targeting Italian aquariophily groups. A total of 101 people from almost all Italian regions participated in the study. Among the people with marine aquariums, almost two-thirds had marine sponges (obtained mainly from fishing discards and trusted shops), and those without them stated that there was no availability in the specialized shops. However, when people were asked about a hypothetical change in purchase intention or frequency of these invertebrates, 68.3% of the respondents showed a positive attitude toward the idea of acquisition. This study constitutes the first preliminary assessment of the valorization potential for sustainably cultivated sponges as ornamental species, which shows a promising prospective in the Italian aquariology sector.

Psychological Reactance to Anti-Piracy Messages explained by Gender and Attitudes

Digital piracy is costly to creative economies across the world. Studies indicate that anti-piracy messages can cause people to pirate more rather than less, suggesting the presence of psychological reactance. A gender gap in piracy behavior and attitudes towards piracy has been reported in the literature. By contrast, gender differences in message reactance and the moderating impact of attitudes have not been explored. This paper uses evolutionary psychology as a theoretical framework to examine whether messages based on real-world anti-piracy campaigns cause reactance and whether this effect is explained by gender and pre-existing attitudes. An experiment compares one prosocial and two threatening messages against a control group to analyze changes in piracy intention from past behavior for digital TV/film. Results indicate that the prosocial message has no significant effect, whereas the threatening messages have significantly opposing effects on men and women. One threatening message influences women to reduce their piracy intentions by over 50% and men to increase it by 18%. We find that gender effects are moderated by pre-existing attitudes, as men and women who report the most favorable attitudes towards piracy tend to demonstrate the most polarized changes in piracy intentions. The practical implications of the results are that men and women process threatening messages differently, therefore behavioral change messages should be carefully targeted to each gender. Explicitly, threatening messages may be effective on women, but may have the reverse effect on men with strong favorable attitudes towards the target behavior.

Analysis of Consumers' Willingness to Buy Organic Food and Its Influencing Factors Based on Logit Model: A Case Study of Shenzhen

In the past few years, Chinese consumers have shown a growing preference for organic food due to the rise in their salaries and better living standards. Additionally, there is an increasing concern among individuals about personal well-being and the safety of food, which has contributed to the popularity of organic products in China. In the process of buying organic food, consumers are affected by their own factors and the objective environment, which leads to a change in purchase intention. In order to explore the main factors that affect consumers' purchase intention in reality. Based on the network survey data of 329 urban consumers in Shenzhen, this paper establishes a logit model to analyze the organic food purchase intention of consumers in Shenzhen and its influencing factors. The results show that the main factors affecting consumers' organic food purchases are personal monthly income, educational level, and food safety concerns. According to the results of the empirical study, the relevant policy suggestions for improving the organic food industry were put forward.

Cardiovascular disease risk communication and prevention: a meta-analysis.

Knowledge of quantifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk may improve health outcomes and trigger behavioural change in patients or clinicians. This review aimed to investigate the impact of CVD risk communication on patient-perceived CVD risk and changes in CVD risk factors. PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to 6 June 2023, supplemented by citation analysis. Randomized trials that compared any CVD risk communication strategy versus usual care were included. Paired reviewers independently screened the identified records and extracted the data; disagreements were resolved by a third author. The primary outcome was the accuracy of risk perception. Secondary outcomes were clinician-reported changes in CVD risk, psychological responses, intention to modify lifestyle, and self-reported changes in risk factors and clinician prescribing of preventive medicines. Sixty-two trials were included. Accuracy of risk perception was higher among intervention participants (odds ratio = 2.31, 95% confidence interval = 1.63 to 3.27). A statistically significant improvement in overall CVD risk scores was found at 6-12 months (mean difference = -0.27, 95% confidence interval = -0.45 to -0.09). For primary prevention, risk communication significantly increased self-reported dietary modification (odds ratio = 1.50, 95% confidence interval = 1.21 to 1.86) with no increase in intention or actual changes in smoking cessation or physical activity. A significant impact on patients' intention to start preventive medication was found for primary and secondary prevention, with changes at follow-up for the primary prevention group. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, communicating CVD risk information, regardless of the method, reduced the overall risk factors and enhanced patients' self-perceived risk. Communication of CVD risk to patients should be considered in routine consultations.

Brief Report: Determinants of Potential Sexual Activity Reduction in the Face of the Mpox Epidemic.

The current mpox epidemic is most prevalent among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM). Vaccination programs are being rolled-out to curb the epidemic. Behavioural measures have been called for as well, for example, by the WHO and national public health authorities to reduce the number of sexual partners and sexual activity. We investigated intentions and determinants among Dutch MSM to follow such behavioural measures. Early in July 2022, in the context of a dynamic ongoing epidemic, 394 MSM answered an online questionnaire investigating concepts such as perceived mpox risk, vaccination and behavioural change intentions and collecting socio-demographic and sexual behaviour information. The overall intentions to reduce number of partners and sexual activity were high, but only a minority had developed definite intentions. Determinant analysis revealed that dating/open relationship status was a positive predictor; vaccination intentions did not predict sexual behaviour change; those not on PrEP were more likely to change their sexual behaviour. Mpox infection concern was the main predictor for behaviour change intentions. Our results show that behavioural measures to avoid an mpox infection are present in majority of participants in our survey, but high intentions are held by a minority. Taking the historic complexity of behavioural change pleas among MSM into account sensitive, additional public health measures are necessary to reach and to inform MSM about potential benefits of sexual behaviour change.

Unpacking the linkages between beliefs and behavioural intention for curriculum reform: A cognitive approach for school middle leaders

Middle leadership has garnered significant attention in the realm of school leadership research. However, there remains a dearth of research exploring middle leaders’ responses to reform through the lens of cognitive frames. This study aimed to fill the gap by investigating how middle leaders’ beliefs, encompassing varying extents of implicitness – specifically, beliefs about effort and ability, along with pedagogical conceptions – are associated with their behavioural intention for change. Using a survey design, the study collected 623 questionnaires from middle leaders of secondary schools in Taiwan. The results of the structural equation modelling analysis revealed that the deeply ingrained cultural values reflected by effort-based beliefs emerged as a crucial determinant of middle leaders’ pedagogical beliefs. These pedagogical beliefs were positively related to their behavioural intentions for change. Furthermore, the effect of effort-based beliefs on middle leaders’ intention to engage in reform actions was mediated by their pedagogical beliefs. Conversely, no significant effects of ability-based beliefs were observed. The findings hold implications for educational policymakers and practitioners seeking to enhance the effectiveness of reform initiatives at the middle leadership level.

Mechanisms of Behavior Change for a Digital Resistance Training Intervention: A Mediation Study

ABSTRACT Introduction/Purpose Few interventions that seek to enhance resistance training behavior examine the mechanisms through which they exert their effects. Rather, many trials focus on physiological outcomes under tightly controlled training regimens. Understanding how to promote resistance training in everyday life is vital. This study aimed to examine the mediators of a remote-based 9-wk randomized controlled trial with a 4-wk self-regulation intervention period. Methods Sixty-one participants 18–35 yr of age who were not currently achieving the American College of Sports Medicine resistance training guidelines received two Zoom-based personal training sessions, resistance training equipment, and access to a Web site with training videos. After the two personal training sessions, participants were randomized to an intervention or comparison condition. Participants in the intervention condition received four weekly Zoom-based coaching calls to discuss barriers and solutions to resistance training participation. Resistance training behavior participation, self-efficacy, intention, behavioral expectations, and coping planning were assessed after the intervention period and at a follow-up 4 wk later. A mediation analysis was conducted to examine if the intervention had indirect effects on behavior through changes in any of the measured psychological variables. Results All necessary measures were completed by 96.7% of participants. After the intervention, direct effects were observed on self-efficacy (b = 0.68, standard error (SE) = 0.26, P = 0.01), intention (b = 0.77, SE = 0.27, P = 0.004), coping planning (b = 0.43, SE = 0.13, P = 0.001), and behavioral expectations (b = 19.7, SE = 5.3, P = 0.0001). Self-efficacy (b = 2.07, SE = 0.83, P = 0.01) and intention (b = 3.0, SE = 0.61, P = 0.0001) had direct effects on behavior. In the multiple mediation model, intention emerged as a significant mediator (b = 2.64, SE = 0.83, P = 0.001). Conclusion These findings suggest that changes in intention contributed to changes in behavior. Techniques that target behavioral intention may be appropriate for in-home strength-training interventions in young adults.

Variable Stiffness and Damping Mechanism for CPR Manikin to Simulate Mechanical Properties of Human Chest.

This study introduces a novel system that can simulate diverse mechanical properties of the human chest to enhance the experience of CPR training by reflecting realistic chest conditions of patients. The proposed system consists of Variable stiffness mechanisms (VSMs) and Variable damper (VD) utilizing stretching silicone bands and dashpot dampers with controllable valves to modulate stiffness and damping, respectively. Cyclic loading was applied with a robot manipulator to the system. Compression force and displacement were measured and analyzed to evaluate the system's mechanical response. Long-term stability of the system was also validated. A non-linear response of the human chest under compression is realized through this design. Test results indicated non-linear force-displacement curves with hysteresis, similar to those observed in the chest of patients. Controlling the VSM and VD allowed for intentional changes in the slope and area of curves that are related to stiffness and damping, respectively. Stiffness and damping of the system were computed using performance test results. The stiffness ranged from 5.34 N/mm to 13.59 N/mm and the damping ranges from 0.127 N[Formula: see text] s/mm to 0.511 N[Formula: see text] s/mm. These properties cover a significant portion of the reported mechanical properties of the human chests. The system demonstrated satisfactory stability even when it was subjected to maximum stiffness conditions of the long-term compression test. The system is capable of emulating the mechanical properties and behavior of the human chests, thereby enhancing the CPR training experience.

The role of environmental mental imagery in impact beliefs about climate change mitigation and pro-environmental intentions

People are aware that climate change is happening, yet many do not act on this information. Increasing the awareness that some pro-environmental behaviors have a larger impact than others has the potential to be a piece of the puzzle needed to increase climate action. The current study aims to create an intervention, by combining feedback about the efficacy of pro-environmental behaviors and a novel mental imagery task, intended to help people update their impact beliefs and increase their intention to engage in pro-environmental behavior. The participants (N = 1012) were recruited online and randomized to one of three conditions: 1) Environmentally themed mental imagery in combination with efficacy feedback; 2) Efficacy feedback only; 3) Control. As predicted, we found that efficacy feedback affected the intention to act pro-environmentally, however, the intention to act increased more when the feedback was combined with a mental imagery task. In addition, we found that combining the two interventions increased the perceived impact of pro-environmental behaviors to a higher degree than efficacy feedback alone. Mediation analyses indicated that the change of impact beliefs mediated the change in pro-environmental intention in the combination condition, but not in the other conditions. These results suggest the potential aggregated effect of using mental imagery with efficacy feedback in behavioral interventions aimed at mitigating climate change.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО ОПЫТА СТУДЕНТОВ И ЕГО СВЯЗЬ С ИХ СУБЪЕКТИВНЫМ БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЕМ

The study of the subjective foundations of educational success and well-being of students is promising in the context of determining the internal resources of a student as an active subject of educational activity. As a result of the empirical study, it was revealed that the majority of students perceive their educational success as average. In groups with favorable and unfavorable educational experience (EE), as an indicator of subjective educational success, statistically significant differences were found in all of its components. Students with high subjective educational success are characterized by satisfaction with their studies at a university; they do not limit themselves only to formal studying, but are open to other forms of educational experience, which requires greater independence and self-organization. That is what they demonstrate in such an indicator as “experience of self-regulated learning”. They have more faith in their own strengths and the support of others. A study of the subjective well-being of students showed that students who perceive their EE as successful feel moderate emotional comfort, are more satisfied with the activities they perform, relationships with others, are active, they are more characterized by an optimistic attitude, and less by a feeling of tension, absent-mindedness, and high sensitivity to irritants. The strongest relationships between educational success and well-being of students turned out to be relationships in the following components: the importance of the social environment and support, changes in mood, involvement, and intention to expand experience.

Understanding the Consumers’ Purchase Intention Toward Green Cosmetic Products in Malaysia

This research explores the evolving landscape of consumer behaviors within Malaysia’s growing market for green cosmetic products. Globally, the natural and organic cosmetics market has witnessed substantial growth, reflecting an increasing trend toward green cosmetic choices. In Malaysia, a market characterized by diverse consumer preferences and heightened environmental awareness, this study aims to unravel the intricate factors influencing consumers’ intentions in adopting green cosmetic products. Despite a preference for eco-friendly items, challenges arise from the perception that green products are inherently more expensive, leading some consumers to choose more economical alternatives. Sampling methods for this study involved a combination of purposive and convenience sampling. Situated in the unique socio-economic and cultural context of Malaysia, this research employs semi-structured interviews to delve into the factors shaping consumers’ purchase intentions. The findings reveal significant shifts in Malaysian consumers’ purchase behavior, notably an increased inclination to choose green cosmetics when armed with more information and a growing preference for products offering promotions and discounts. The study establishes a conceptual framework, highlighting the intention-behavior gap and brand loyalty as key factors driving these changes in purchase intention among Malaysians.

Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 on the travel behavior of train travelers in the Netherlands

Mobility patterns and transport systems have been heavily impacted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Public transport is impacted heavily, as governments worldwide advised against using it. This paper presents the data collection effort initiated by NS (Dutch Railways) and Delft University of Technology to capture changes in travel behavior, attitudes and intentions related to the COVID-19 pandemic among Dutch train travelers. The survey set-up, data collection process, data validation and potential of the dataset are discussed. The data collection effort proves to be a valuable longitudinal data set that is ground for many research opportunities and policy insights.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ РУКОВОДСТВА И СОТРУДНИКОВ К ПЛАНИРУЕМЫМ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННЫМ ПЕРЕНМЕНАМ В МИНИСТЕРСТВЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ШТАТА ДЕЛЬТА, АСАБА, НИГЕРИЯ

This study examines the influence of change leadership on employee support for an intentional organizational change in the Delta State Ministry of Education Asaba, Nigeria. The study employed a cross-sectional research methodology and a self-administered Likert-type questionnaire. Data for the study were obtained from employees who were undergoing through significant upheaval. The data collected was evaluated using structural equation model. The study found that essential change leadership qualities including communication and involvement aid in building employee support for change initiatives. The cognitive and behavioral reactions of the employees to the planned change was influenced by change leadership. Employees' cognitive assessments of and emotional reactions to the planned change event served as a mediating factor in the relationship between change leadership and behavioral intentions to support the planned change. When assessing planned organizational transformation efforts, leaders frequently pay more attention to how employees respond to the change than to the causes of those reactions. The significance of addressing employee attitudes as the first step toward desired change activities was emphasized by this study. This study adopted a multidimensional approach to attitudes and examined their hierarchy of impacts in order to more accurately describe the influence of change leadership on employee support for change. The study makes a number of suggestions, one of which is that leaders should boost employee morale prior to initiating change projects in order to increase the likelihood of success. In a world of rapid change and cultivation of adaptable mindsets, change leadership is essential.

The digitalization of social influence practices in Morocco and its effect on attitudinal change and purchase behavioral intention

The phenomenon of digital influencers considered as electronic opinion leaders is proving to be a relevant practice adapted to the current context of digital transformation. The aim of this research work is to shed light on the various theories mobilized to study the effect of social influence via digital channels on the attitudinal change and purchasing behavioral intention of Moroccan consumers, in order to clarify the role of the digital influencer by focusing on the issues of credibility, authenticity and homophily of this social connector, and by showing the contribution of the quality of the content disseminated in the involvement and commitment of the virtual community following the para-social interaction established via social networks. The original aspect of this research lies in the interdisciplinary specificity of two distinct but complementary approaches combining the theories of social psychology and those of consumer behavior through a research methodology based on descriptive methods supported by documentary analysis techniques

La Virgen de las Nieves de la Parroquia de San Isidoro en Sevilla: ¿una imagen “fernandina” o una recreación decimonónica?

The image of Saint Mary of the Snows is a sculpture for dress that receives worship in the parish of Saint Isidore of Seville (Spain). Regarding its origin and dating, very different hypotheses have been defended; some authors date it to the 17th century; others, however, place it in the years after the reconquest of the city by King Ferdinand III (13th century), including it within the group of the so-called "fernandine” images. Its recent intervention have contributed and/or confirmed numerous relevant data on its material history. The most outstanding would be the confirmation that the current seated posture is not original, but was the result of an intentional change, undertaken in 1783 by the sculptor José Tiburcio González, along with the renovation of the trousseau that complements it.