Changes In Intentions Research Articles

Asynchronous online training increased knowledge, confidence, and intent to screen and treat substance use disorders among primary care clinicians practicing in Texas

IntroductionDespite increasing prevalence of substance use disorders (SUD), few patients are diagnosed and treated in primary care settings. This study evaluated changes in knowledge, confidence, and intention to implement screening and brief intervention (SBI) and SUD treatment after clinicians participated in an asynchronous online education course. MethodsA self-selected sample of primary care clinicians in Texas participated in online SBI and SUD education March 2021–July 2023. Baseline and post-training surveys evaluated changes in knowledge, confidence, and intent to implement SBI and SUD treatment. Changes were compared using paired t-tests. Multivariable linear regression examined factors potentially associated with confidence and intention to implement changes. Clinician feedback regarding the course was included. ResultsOf 613 respondents, 50.9% were practicing family medicine clinicians. Knowledge of adolescent screening tools increased from 21.9% to 75.7% (p < 0.001). Knowledge about the number of drinks that define excessive drinking among non-pregnant women increased from 24.5% at baseline to 64.9% (p < 0.001). Clinicians reported lowest confidence in providing opioid use disorder pharmacotherapy, which improved after program participation. Intent to implement SBI and medication for alcohol, nicotine and opioid use disorders increased (p < 0.001) after training. No factors were associated with change in confidence or intention to implement in multivariable models (p > 0.05). Satisfaction was high and nearly 60% reported intention to change their clinical practice because of the program. ConclusionKnowledge, confidence, and intent to implement SBI and SUD treatment increased after completing the online course. Clinician satisfaction was high and demonstrated improved intention to implement SBI and SUD treatment.

Examining influences of personal factors on the first- and third-person evaluations of public health issues among young adults

Both health and the environment are critical public health issues that have a considerable impact on young adults. However, they have different characteristics that influence how messaging is received. In our study, we examine the influence of three personal factors (issue involvement, behavioral change intention, and product use) on young adults’ perception of messages for these two public health issues from both first- and third-person perspectives. We found various patterns when comparing the two public health issues, first-person and third-person measures, and the perceived threat and likelihood of contributing to the issues. We also discuss practical implications and suggestions based on our findings.

Changes in acceptability, consideration, intention, and uptake of direct-to-consumer genetic tests in the Netherlands from 2017 to 2022.

Although the popularity of direct-to-consumer genetic tests (DTC-GT) for disease-related purposes increased, concerns persist whether consumers make well-informed decisions about their purchase. To better target pre- and post-test information materials, this study aims to determine the characteristics of people interested in undergoing DTC-GT. In addition, it aims to determine changes in acceptability, consideration, intention, and uptake of DTC-GT since 2017. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in April 2022 with a representative sample of the Dutch adult population. Ordinal regression models and chi-squared tests were used to determine factors associated with DTC-GT acceptability, consideration and intention, and changes in outcomes since 2017, respectively. Of the 907 included respondents, 19.3% found DTC-GT acceptable, 29.4% considered taking a DTC-GT in the future, 6.2% intended to take a test within the coming year, and 0.9% had already tested. High education was associated with lower acceptability, consideration, intention, and higher awareness. Respondents with a chronic disease were less likely to find DTC-GT acceptable. Higher consideration was associated with having a partner, adopted/stepchildren, and lower age. Compared to 2017, in 2022 more respondents found DTC-GT totally unacceptable, while more considered testing, and fewer ruled out taking a test both in the next year and the future. Education status may play an important role in people's acceptability, consideration, intention, and awareness of disease-related DTC-GT in the Netherlands. Easy-to-understand public information materials should be promoted and guidance is needed to help with decision-making and result interpretation. Future research should focus on the best way to provide responsible guidance.

Players are positive regarding injury prevention exercise programmes, but coaches need ongoing support: a survey-based evaluation using the Health Action Process Approach model across one season in amateur and youth football

ObjectivesImplementation of injury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs) in sports is challenging, and behaviour change among players and coaches is essential for success. The aim was to describe players’ and coaches’...

Worth a Shot? The Impact of Athletes' Vaccine Advocacy on Fan Attitudes and Behaviors

Abstract: Sport activism and advocacy have received substantial attention in both academic and popular literature. However, recent years brought controversy, and corresponding advocacy, around a new topic—COVID-19 vaccines—which offers an interesting research opportunity since fans may view athlete engagement with health topics differently from other causes. Thus, this study explored the effect of athlete health-related advocacy on the corresponding fan attitudinal and behavioral changes directed toward both the athlete and the athlete's team. A quasi-experimental design was utilized and both National Basketball Association (NBA) fans ( n = 210) and Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) fans ( n = 218) with a variety of perspectives on vaccines were recruited. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that the interplay between fan vaccine perspectives and athlete messages on the topic stimulated a variety of changes in fan attitudes and consumption intentions toward the athlete and, in some cases, the athlete's team. Collectively, the findings have important practical and theoretical implications within sport marketing.

Effectiveness of Social Media-Based Intervention in Intention Change of Adolescents for Promoting Sexual Health Behavior in Western Terai of Nepal.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in adolescents are among the major public health challenges that have to be prevented in time. Traditional education falls short of reach; social media offers accessible ways. However, there is no research on such an issue in Nepal. Accordingly, this study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a social media-based health education intervention in changing the intention of promoting sexual health among adolescents in Nepal. Study Design: A quasi-experimental study. A total of 160 adolescent students aged 14-19 years old from four purposively selected schools were evenly divided into intervention and non-intervention groups. Sampling and data collection were performed between May and June 2023. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires for pretest and posttest evaluation. The intervention was delivered and followed up through a Facebook Messenger group. The obtained data were managed and analyzed using SPSS 21, with a significance level of 5%. Social media-based health education interventions played a significant role in promoting the sexual health behavior of adolescents. The adolescents' knowledge and attitude scores on STIs increased from 2.33 to 4.62 and from 21.87 to 26.30. In addition, their scores on subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions in promoting sexual behavior increased from 13.93 to 17.59, from 19.96 to 25.40, and from 13.07 to 18.06, respectively, which were statistically significant. The utilization of social media platforms such as Facebook Messenger groups is an effective medium for delivering health educational messages. Hence, increasing social media-based health education is a cost-effective intervention for promoting the health and sexual behaviors of adolescents.

Effect of an educational intervention package on knowledge, perception and behavioral intention for breast cancer screening among adolescent students of Kathmandu Metropolitan City

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and is the second most common in Nepal. This study assessed the effect of an educational intervention package on knowledge, perception, and behavioral intention for breast cancer screening among adolescent students of Kathmandu Metropolitan City.Methods: A pretest -posttest control group study design was used. Each intervention and control groups included 159 participants, selected from two randomly chosen public secondary schools. Both groups completed self-administered pretest-posttest questionnaires. Educational intervention was given to the intervention group. Data was entered in EpiData 3.1 and analysed by using IBM SPSS 16 version. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test compared the difference in pretest-posttest scores within groups, and the Mann-Whitney U tested the difference between the control and the intervention groups. Results: In pretest-posttest comparisons, the intervention group showed an increase in the percentage of participants scoring at least the median value across knowledge (change: 18.0%, p&lt;0.001), overall perception (change: 20.8%, p &lt;0.001), and behavioral intention (change: 56.6%, p&lt;0.001). There was significant increase in knowledge, perception, and behavioral intention among the intervention group compared to the control group (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The educational intervention package showed a notable effect in increasing adolescent students’ intention to get screened for breast cancer. This study emphasizes the need to incorporate breast cancer screening programs into school-level curricula. In addition, this encourages adolescents to take a proactive stance when it comes to health consciousness.

Navigating travel decisions in health crises: The interplay of message framing, regulatory focus, and perceived risk

This study investigates the impact of promotional message framing on domestic tourists' travel intentions during a health crisis, exploring the moderating effects of regulatory focus and perceived risk. Utilizing a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subject factorial design, two experiments were conducted with data collected from domestic tourists. The findings reveal that promotion-focused tourists prefer emotionally resonant gain-framed messages with lower discounts and show lower susceptibility to health risks compared to their prevention-focused counterparts. The interaction of gain-framed messages with low discount depth resulted in increased travel intentions despite the health crisis. On the other hand, prevention-focused tourists exhibited no significant change in travel intentions in response to differently framed messages. This study extends the promotional framing literature by incorporating regulatory focus and risk perception, offering practical implications for the tourism industry, particularly during a time of health crisis.

Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction Based on an Intention Randomness Influence Strategy

Pedestrian trajectory prediction is a key technical prerequisite for autonomous vehicle trajectory planning. However, a pedestrian is a changeable individual, and their intentions exhibit certain degrees of randomness and uncertainty, which leads to the issue that modeling only past trajectories does not enable the effective description of the random intentions and future trajectory directions of the pedestrian. Therefore, this paper proposes a flexible and embeddable stochastic intention vector construction strategy for modeling sudden pedestrian intention changes in real scenes and for better fitting the stochastic properties of pedestrian behaviors. First, we dynamically fuse historical trajectory information with random factors and construct an intention change probability based on the historical trajectory fitting errors of pedestrians, aiming to explicitly model the associated direction and velocity changes caused by random pedestrian intentions. Second, a new intention loss function is designed to guide the model to adaptively learn the probability of intention changes, which is used to dynamically describe pedestrian intention changes. Our proposed method is generalizable and can be applied as an embeddable module to any baseline pedestrian trajectory prediction method. The experimental results obtained on multiple large-scale public pedestrian trajectory prediction datasets demonstrate that our strategy achieves consistent performance improvements over different baselines.

Information frictions, belief updating and internal migration: Evidence from Ghana and Uganda

Information frictions about benefits of migration can lead to inefficient migration choices. We study the effects of randomly assigned information treatments concerning regional income differentials in Ghana and Uganda to explore participants’ belief updating and changes in internal migration intentions, destination preferences, and actual migration. Treated participants prefer higher income destinations, while effects on intent plausibly follow subjects’ initial under- or overestimation of potential gains, with asymmetric updating propensities. Effects persist for 18 months, and discussions with others about migrating increase, but actual migration does not. Knowledge about income affects intentions and destination choices, but barriers to actual relocation are complex.

Uncertainty and flexibility of fertility intentions

Large-scale survey data is widely used to study the intention to have a(nother) child. However, there are further opportunities to understand how these intentions are revised over the life course and the uncertainty surrounding them. We aim to further outline the importance of simultaneously considering change and uncertainty in fertility decision-making. Specifically, we identify uncertainty in the “probably not” and “probably yes” responses to questions on whether an individual intends to have a(nother) child, and compare the differences in individuals’ stated intention between survey waves. Using panel data from the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) for Austria, France, Hungary, Italy, and Poland, we study short-term followed by long-term (overall) fertility intentions. First, descriptive analyses compare and visualise the prevalence of uncertainty intentions at first and second wave using Sankey diagrams. Next, multivariate analyses on transitions in intentions focus on partnership and employment context. The results reveal that for both short-term and overall intentions, four in ten respondents are uncertain about intending a (further) child. Further, one in two report a different intention between waves, with changes mainly occurring from one “probably” response to another (e.g., “probably not” to “probably yes”) or through a shift in increasing or lessening certainty (e.g., “probably yes” to “definitely yes”). The childless exhibit by far the greatest uncertainty and revision. Multivariate analyses show that partnership and employment are associated with gradual transitions and larger changes in intentions. Our results also show that fertility intentions form to a large extent along a spectrum of certainty—from “definitely not,” to “probably not,” to “probably yes,” to “definitely yes,” and finally to the birth of a child.

Examining the Impact of Six Pro-Vaccination Messages on MMR Vaccine Hesitancy Among Mothers in Ukraine

The Ukrainian government began delivering mandatory MMR vaccination letters to parents across the country in 2019. In this two-phase online RCT, we aimed to test the effectiveness of this national mandatory vaccination letter against five behavioural science-informed letters, in terms of their effects on the vaccination attitudes, intentions and behaviours of Ukrainian mothers (N = 738). One letter was focused on the simplicity and accessibility of vaccination procedures; one contained a testimonial from a family doctor; two letters contained pro-vaccination social norm statements (one signed by a family doctor and one by a school director); and one contained a loss-framed message underlining the risks of non-vaccination. The results showed no difference between the conditions in terms of change in vaccination attitudes and intentions but there was an effect on behaviour (measured through clicking a link to schedule a vaccination). The letters signed by a family doctor, outlining how vaccination is a social norm, were most effective in encouraging positive vaccination behaviours. We conclude that the national template used by Ukrainian public health authorities is unlikely to reduce vaccine hesitancy or increase vaccination rates, and that letters emphasising the normative nature of vaccination could increase uptake in the Ukrainian context.

Mechanisms of microbiota modulation: Implications for health, disease, and therapeutic interventions.

Microbiota modulation, the intentional change in the structure and function of the microbial community, is an emerging trajectory that holds the promise to mitigate an infinite number of health issues. The present review illustrates the underlying principles of microbiota modulation and the various applications of this fundamental process to human health, healthcare management, and pharmacologic interventions. Different strategies, directing on dietary interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation, treatment with antibiotics, bacteriophages, microbiome engineering, and modulation of the immune system, are described in detail. This therapeutic implication is reflected in clinical applications to gastrointestinal disorders and immune-mediated diseases for microbiota-modulating agents. In addition to this, the review outlines the challenges of translating researched outcomes into clinical practice to consider safety and provides insights into future research directions of this rapidly developing area.

Influence of grandchildren on COVID-19 vaccination uptake among older adults in China: a parallel-group, cluster-randomized controlled trial.

The uptake of COVID-19 booster vaccination among older adults in China is suboptimal. Here, we report the results of a parallel-group cluster-randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of promoting COVID-19 booster vaccination among grandparents (≥60 years) through a health education intervention delivered to their grandchildren (aged ≥16 years) in a Chinese cohort (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2200063240 ). The primary outcome was the uptake rate of COVID-19 booster dose among grandparents. Secondary outcomes include grandparents' attitude and intention to get a COVID-19 booster dose. A total of 202 college students were randomized 1:1 to either the intervention arm of web-based health education and 14 daily reminders (n = 188 grandparents) or control arm (n = 187 grandparents) and reported their grandparents' COVID-19 booster vaccination status at baseline and 21 days. Grandparents in the intervention arm were more likely to receive COVID-19 booster vaccination compared to control cohort (intervention, 30.6%; control, 16.9%; risk ratio = 2.00 (95% CI, 1.09 to 3.66)). Grandparents in the intervention arm also had greater attitude change (β = 0.28 (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.52)) and intention change (β = 0.32 (95% CI, 0.12 to 0.52)) to receive a COVID-19 booster dose. Our results show that an educational intervention targeting college students increased COVID-19 booster vaccination uptake among grandparents in China.

Changes in Smoking Behavior in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Center Study in Family Practice

Objective: There are controversial studies on smoking addiction in the COVID-19 pandemic. While some studies show increased tobacco use during the pandemic, others report increased smoking cessation attempts. This study examined changes in tobacco use and quit intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed and three groups were formed by including patients over 18 years of age, who were smokers, and who presented to the Education Family Health Center and had RT-PCR test results for COVID-19. Among these patients, patients with COVID-19 symptoms and complaints and positive RT-PCR test results constituted the COVID-19 positive group, patients who were COVID-19 negative but isolated due to their contacts constituted the contact group, and healthy people without any COVID-19 contact and symptoms constituted the healthy group. Demographic characteristics, smoking status before the COVID-19 pandemic, change in smoking status after COVID-19 test result or contact, and Fagerström nicotine dependence test results were compared. Results: Of the total 131 participants enrolled in the study, 70 were in the healthy group, 31 were in the COVID-19 negative group, and 30 were in the COVID-19 positive group. Men were predominant in three groups (60%, 83.9%, and 73.3% in normal, COVID-19-neg, and COVID-19-positive groups, respectively) with a small significant difference (p=0.048). The mean ages were 41.09±12.85, 38.21±11.69, and 39.47±11.66 years in the healthy, COVID-19 negative, and COVID-19 positive groups, respectively, with no significant difference (p&gt;0.05). Fagerström dependence scores were 1.82±1.05, 1.53±0.86, and 1.40±0.72 in the healthy, COVID-19 negative, and COVID-19 positive groups, respectively, and were not statistically different (p&gt;0.05). Smoking prevalence decreased by 1.13 (±4.17) cigarettes per day in the healthy group, by 3.97 (±5.31) cigarettes in the COVID negative group, and by 10.14 (±7.86) cigarettes in the COVID positive group, with a statistically significant decrease in smoking prevalence in all three groups (p

Behavioural determinants of adaptation of farmers to climate change in rice cultivation in the mountainous area of Vietnam

Climate change adaptation is one of the essential solutions for sustainable agricultural development in the context of global change. Besides socio-economical drivers, a thorough understanding of the behavioural dimension of climate change adaptation will provide important information for policymakers in promoting adaptation activities and contributing to the improvement of people’s livelihoods. The purpose of this study is to explore the knowledge gaps in understanding behavioural factors that affect adaptive intention in rice cultivation in the mountainous area of Vietnam. This research was carried out through a sociological survey of 254 rice-farming households in Da Bac districts, Hoa Binh province. Based on applying the Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (E-TPB) and the data analysis using the PLS-SEM model, the research pointed out that the perceived impact of climate change and policy support are the most important determinants that affect the adaptation intention in rice cultivation. The research also discovered that the Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour explained 56.8% of the change in adaptive intention, much more than 11.9% in comparison with the basic TPB theory. The research emphasized the crucial role of policy support and raising awareness of climate change for farmers to promote the implementation of adaptive measures.

Imagining a better world: assessing the immediate and delayed effects of imagined contact on attitudes toward refugees in elementary school.

Preparing host-society children for contact with refugees coming into their classes poses a new and important challenge for countries with little prior experience in integration. Imagined contact is a prejudice-reduction intervention that can be particularly useful in this context. However, its long-term effects and potential age-related variations in its efficacy among primary school children remain understudied. This study investigated the short-term and long-term effects of an imagined contact school intervention on the change in attitudes and contact intentions of 1,544 children aged 7-15. Of these, 827 participated in a four-session-long intervention delivered by their teachers within their regular classes, while 717 served as a comparison group. Short-term effects were assessed approximately one week after the last intervention session, with long-term effects evaluated around two and a half months later. Our findings indicate that the imagined contact intervention instigates positive changes in intergroup attitudes and contact intentions in both the short term and long term, but only for the children in the lower grades of primary school. While the durability of these effects among younger participants holds promise for future use of imagined contact in schools, we also scrutinize potential developmental and methodological explanations of the absence of expected intervention effects among older children.

Lost in translation

Abstract In 1959, Toufic Fahd – a professor of Arabic language, literature, and civilization – made a fortuitous discovery. During a visit to the University of Istanbul, while perusing the University’s library, Fahd stumbled upon an Arabic translation of a Greek work, namely the famous dream interpretation book of Artemidorus, known as the Oneirocritica. The original Greek text is fascinating as it stands as the sole surviving classical work on dream interpretation. The discovery of its later Arabic translation, however, is captivating in its own right. The context of this translation alone is of particular interest to any Islamic historian, having been initially commissioned during the height of the ʿAbbāsid Translation Movement and undertaken by the renowned translator, Ḥunayn Ibn ʾIsḥāq. The intention of the present paper is to compare these texts, highlighting intentional changes made to the content of the Greek work, specifically in instances related to mythology, sexuality, and cultural practices. These changes are noteworthy as they have rendered the Arabic translation as more of a work of interpretation itself, modifying the 2nd century AD Greek text to reflect the realities of its new religious and geographic setting in 9th century Baghdad.

Effectiveness of Mentorship Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Reduce Burnout and Turnover among Nurses: Intervention Impact on Mentees.

Mentoring programs can improve nurses' mental health. This study examined the effects of a staff training program based on cognitive behavior therapy for burnout in which mentors provided intervention to their mentees. The principal investigator served as a facilitator and conducted staff training in cognitive behavior therapy. An original cognitive behavior therapy manual was presented to trained nurses (mentors), and lectures were provided on using the manual, ways of implementing cognitive behavior therapy, and other important points. The study participants included 35 mid-career nurses (mentors) and 34 young nurses in their first to third year (mentees) working in acute care hospitals. Groups of five mentees were formed in which two mentors provided cognitive behavior therapy based on the manual. Changes in mentees' stress, burnout, and turnover intention at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up (3 months after the intervention) were objectively evaluated using an evaluation index. The intervention significantly reduced the following evaluation indicators: total strain, conflict with other nursing staff, nursing role conflict, qualitative workload, quantitative workload, conflict with patients, problem avoidance due to irrational beliefs, escape-avoidance, emotional exhaustion of burnout, desire to change hospitals or departments, and turnover intention. Implementation of cognitive behavior therapy by mentors effectively reduced mentees' stress, burnout, and turnover.

Menthol versus tobacco e-liquid flavor: Impact on acute subjective effects, puff patterns, and intentions for use among Black and White menthol smokers

BackgroundThe proposed FDA product standard to prohibit menthol as a characterizing flavor in combustible cigarettes has the potential to significantly reduce tobacco-related health disparities. Whether a menthol e-liquid product standard would improve or hinder public health is unknown. No known research has directly examined the impact of menthol vs. tobacco flavored e-liquid use on acute e-cigarette use patterns, subjective experience, behavioral intentions, and craving and withdrawal among menthol cigarette smokers. MethodsBlack (n = 47) and White (n = 4) nicotine-deprived menthol smokers with limited e-cigarette experience completed two counterbalanced in-laboratory 30-minute ad libitum vaping sessions with menthol and tobacco nicotine salt-based e-liquid in a randomized crossover pilot trial design. Questionnaires assessed reductions in craving and withdrawal and post-session subjective experience and behavioral intentions. Puff topography was measured continuously throughout each vaping session. ResultsMeasures of puff topography did not differ significantly by e-liquid flavor (all p > .40). Similarly, menthol and tobacco flavored e-cigarettes were both rated positively in terms of subjective effects and behavioral intentions (all p > .10) and about 40 % of participants reported a preference for the tobacco-flavored e-liquid. Finally, participants showed comparable reductions in craving (p = .210) and withdrawal (p = .671) from pre- and post-session regardless of e-liquid flavor. ConclusionsAmong menthol smokers in a lab-based setting, findings suggest that menthol vs tobacco e-liquid flavor has little impact on acute changes in puff patterns, subjective experience, behavioral intentions, or craving and withdrawal.