Changes In Intentions Research Articles

Instructional design students’ design judgment development

This qualitative multi-case study explores the exercise and development of the design judgment of eight instructional design (ID) students working on design projects over one semester in graduate programs at four different institutions in the USA. Their design processes were explored through interviews and their design documents using the concepts of design judgment as reported by Nelson and Stolterman (The design way: Intentional change in an unpredictable world, MIT Press, Cambridge, 2012) and reflection-in-action as reported by Schön (The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action, Basic Books, New York, 1983) to characterize the exercise and development of their design judgment across the semester. Findings reveal that these ID students make multiple design judgments concurrently and constantly. Their prior design experience, the course requirements and their design practice in class influence both the exercise and development of their design judgment. Lastly, the development of their design judgment is both perceptible and personal. In light of these findings, recommendations are made for how to support the development of ID students’ design judgment.

Changes in fertility intention among married Chinese couples with two children during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundA three-child policy was implemented in China to stimulate a rise in fertility levels and coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic. Data suggested that COVID-19 has a negative impact on fertility...

Protocol for a community-based digital storytelling pilot intervention to reduce Hispanic parents' vaccine hesitancy to immunize their children against COVID-19.

COVID-19 vaccines, currently available to children over six months old, are a powerful method of reducing the risk of COVID-19-related hospitalizations and death. However, vaccination rates among Hispanic children remain suboptimal, primarily due to parental vaccine hesitancy. Health communication researchers have suggested using culturally aligned storytelling to reduce vaccine hesitancy; however, few studies have evaluated this approach for Hispanic parents of unvaccinated children. Working with community health workers, we will engage Hispanic parents who were previously hesitant to vaccinate their child(ren) against COVID-19 but currently support vaccination. We will ask them to share their stories of conversion in COVID-19 vaccine perspectives to help other parents overcome their mistrust of COVID-19 vaccines. We will then assess the feasibility and acceptability of a web-based pilot digital storytelling intervention based on these conversion stories vs. an information-only control among 80 parents and/or legal guardians of children who are not up-to-date with COVID-19 vaccines. We will also examine pre- to post-intervention changes in vaccine perceptions, hesitancy, intentions, and uptake of children's COVID-19 vaccination at two months post-intervention. If our pilot study demonstrates feasibility and acceptability while reducing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and increasing vaccine uptake, we will conduct a full-scale randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of the DST intervention to reduce vaccine hesitancy.

Predicting health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study.

We investigated the social, emotional, and cognitive predictors of adherence to four health behaviors (handwashing, mask wearing, social contact limitations, and physical distancing) during one critical phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected data (N = 5803, mean age = 53; 57% women) in Belgium at five time points between April and July 2021, a time during which infections evolved from high (third wave of the pandemic) to low numbers of COVID-19 cases. The results show that the social, emotional, and cognitive predictors achieved high levels of explained variance (R2 > .60). In particular, the central components of behavioral change (attitudes, intentions, control, habits, norms, and risk) were the strongest and most consistent predictors of health behaviors over time. Likewise, autonomous motivation and empathetic emotions (e.g., attentive, compassionate) had a positive impact on health behavior adherence, whereas it was the opposite for lively emotions (e.g., active, enthusiastic). These results offer policymakers actionable insights into the most potent and stable factors associated with health behaviors, equipping them with effective strategies to curtail the spread of future infectious diseases.

An effective lane changing behaviour prediction model using optimized CNN and game theory

Accurately predicting lane changes, a crucial driving activity for preventing accidents and ensuring driver safety, is addressed in this study. An innovative predictive model that integrates game theory for precise lane change intention detection and an optimized Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for trajectory prediction is proposed in this study. The CNN's efficiency is enhanced through metaheuristic optimization of both the convolution and fully connected layers using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). Emphasizing robust data processing, a Wiener filter is applied for pre-processing, and the Cascaded Fuzzy C means (CFCM) technique is employed for segmentation. The resulting Whale Optimization Algorithm-based CNN (WOA-CNN) effectively forecasts the trajectory of lane-changing vehicles. Validation of the proposed approach in Python demonstrates exceptional accuracy, reaching 96.5%. This study showcases the effectiveness of the WOA-CNN model in advancing the prediction accuracy of lane-changing behaviour, contributing to enhanced driver safety and accident prevention.

A randomized controlled trial of potential tobacco policies prohibiting menthol flavor in cigarettes and e-cigarettes: a study protocol

BackgroundMenthol cigarette use remains a large public health problem and disproportionately affects Black adults in the United States. The Food and Drug Administration has proposed prohibiting menthol flavor in cigarettes to protect public health. However, e-cigarettes are available in menthol flavor and are a popular alternative product adults might switch to if menthol is prohibited in cigarettes. Research is needed to understand how availability of menthol (vs. tobacco) flavored e-cigarettes could impact cigarette use among adults who smoke menthol cigarettes.MethodsWe will recruit 150 adults who currently smoke menthol cigarettes and will randomize them to 1 of 3 conditions modeling different regulatory scenarios. We will recruit equal numbers of participants identifying as Black vs. non-Black and will stratify randomization by race. To promote standardization and adherence, cigarette and e-cigarette products will be provided for 8 weeks based on the assigned condition: (A) no menthol restriction (menthol cigarette and menthol flavored e-cigarette), (B) menthol prohibited in cigarettes only (non-menthol cigarette and menthol flavored e-cigarette), (C) menthol prohibited in both cigarettes and e-cigarettes (non-menthol cigarette and tobacco flavored e-cigarette). A follow-up visit will occur at week 12 to assess tobacco use status. The study aims are to (1) examine the impact of prohibiting menthol flavor in cigarettes and e-cigarettes on smoking behavior and (2) investigate whether outcomes differ by race to understand the impact of menthol policies on Black (vs. non-Black) individuals given high rates of menthol cigarette use in this population. The primary outcome will evaluate changes in the number of cigarettes smoked per day during the 8-week study period and will examine differences by regulatory scenario. Secondary outcomes will compare percent days smoke-free, changes in nicotine dependence, and motivation, confidence, and intentions to quit smoking by the regulatory scenarios. We will examine whether changes in the outcomes differ by Black vs. non-Black participants to compare the magnitude of the effect of the various menthol policy scenarios by race.DiscussionResults will contribute critical information regarding menthol in cigarettes and e-cigarettes to inform regulatory policies that maximize reductions in cigarette smoking and reduce tobacco-related health disparities.Trial registrationNCT05259566. Yale IRB protocol #2000032211, last approved 12/8/2023.

Segmenting tourism graduates’ perceived utility of occupational competence and job change intention

Segmenting tourism graduates’ perceived utility of occupational competence and job change intention

Positive change in intent to practice rurally is strongly associated with nursing and allied health students of metropolitan origin after rural clinical placement.

To: (1) assess whether rural clinical placements influence change in intention to practice rurally for nursing and allied health students, (2) to assess whether residential origin (metropolitan or rural) or university location (metropolitan or non-metropolitan) influence this change, and (3) assess residential origin of health professionals practicing rurally after graduation. Cross-sectional survey (2014-2022) conducted in Northern/Northeastern Victoria and Grampians region by nursing and allied health students completing rural clinical placements. Survey explored student placement satisfaction, intention to practice rurally and demographic information, with a follow-up two years' post-placement. Experience of a rural placement increased students' intention of practicing rurally. Importantly, 57% of metropolitan origin students studying at metropolitan campuses exhibited positive change. Logistic regression analysis suggested that after controlling for age, gender and satisfaction with placement and supervision, students of metropolitan origin at metropolitan campuses were 6.4 times more likely to report positive change in intent to practice rurally after placement than students of rural origin studying at non-metropolitan campuses.Follow-up data suggested that a substantial proportion of health professionals providing services in rural areas were of metropolitan origin. These findings concur that rural origin and rural training are important predictors of working rurally. Additionally, metropolitan students can change their intention to practice rurally after a rural placement. This study supports strategies to enhance intention to practice rurally that are not restricted to rural origin students to build rural workforce.

Academic citizenship in an age of anti-intellectualism

This essay focuses on the fundamental idea that established theory can guide faculty professional service to inform and educate the general public. More specifically, we explore how faculty can use Boyer's scholarship of engagement as a framework for faculty academic citizenship and partnering with external audiences. Two recommendations are made related to intentional structural changes to universities as organizations for faculty academic citizenship to be relevant and make important contributions in the future.

Exploring Asymmetries in Self-Concept Change After Discrepant Feedback.

Receiving self-relevant feedback that is discrepant from one's self-concept can lead to self-concept change. However, it is currently unclear whether positive or negative feedback has a larger effect on self-concept change. Across four studies (total N = 1,438), we demonstrate that intentions for self-concept change (Study 1) as well as actual self-concept change (Studies 2, 3, and 4) are larger (a) for larger discrepancies between self-concept and feedback and (b) for negative compared to positive discrepancies. Exploring these effects further in Study 4, we find no evidence that the opportunity for improvement influences whether self-concept change is positively or negatively biased. In sum, the present research provides consistent evidence for a negativity bias in self-concept change, investigates a theoretical explanation, and discusses alternative explanatory approaches.

Implications of social network structures on socially influenced decision-making

Individuals often make decisions in a social environment where social influence can impact on people’s decision-making domains such as online purchasing, political voting and voluntary vaccine uptake. Social influence can be recognised as the intentional or unintentional change in an individual’s belief, perception, or behaviours caused by an information diffusion process embedded in a social network. However, there is limited research on how this diffusion process is shaped by the topology or structure of the social network. This work provides an exploratory and systematic analysis of how decision-making outcomes in a population can be affected by both the structure of the social network and the starting node of where new information starts to diffuse. Simulation results considering three common network structures highlight how social networks with clear community structures lead to a larger absolute impact on decision-making outcomes and networks where the social connections follow a preferential attachment rule show the largest relative impact than the others. The results also suggest scenarios in which introducing new pieces of information to the social network can facilitate the information diffusion process and produce a more significant impact in terms of the overall population decision-making process.

Climate change anxiety, fear, and intention to act.

Climate change anxiety (CCA) is an emerging yet not clearly defined construct. Here, we examine the relationship between CCA and climate change-related fear in response to messages differently framing uncertainty and anticipation concerning climate change, exploring how the former differs from general anxiety measures. To this purpose, young and healthy volunteers were assigned to three different framing conditions. Their emotional responses as well as eco-emotions and beliefs about climate change were collected. By employing a Bayesian approach, we found that framing the consequences of climate change effectively induces heightened fear and that CCA strongly predicted fear levels, while general anxiety measures did not. Overall, these results reflect CCA's unique and specific nature in influencing climate change-related fear. Interestingly, we found fear to predict intention scores only following the framings that did not effectively induce action intentions, consistent with prior findings on fear without efficacy framing. Instead, reading about the negative consequences motivated action the most. Following this framing, we found that eco-anger, instead of fear, consistently predicted intentions to engage in climate action. These results emphasize the complex interplay between CCA, eco-emotions, efficacy, and behavioral engagement.

The effectiveness of health warning labels and environmental warning labels in different contexts of advertisements and public service announcements

ABSTRACT Previous research has proposed the positive effects of warning health/safety labels. Nevertheless, their effectiveness compared to environmental warning labels (i.e., ecolabels), especially in limiting the harmful outcomes of health- and safety-related products, is still questioned. Two studies were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of different label messages in different context formats (contextually incongruent commercial advertisements (ads) vs. contextually congruent public service announcements (PSAs); Study 1, N = 332) and different context-induced moods (positive vs. negative; Study 2, N = 334). Findings indicated that PSAs were more effective than ads in influencing individuals’ attitudes toward labels and behavioral change intention. Furthermore, health warning labels are generally more effective than ecolabels. The interactions between label types and context formats, as well as label types and context-induced moods, were also explored and discussed. The current study contributed to the scarce literature on warning label comparison and advanced a comprehensive understanding of warning labels and ecolabels, as well as their effectiveness. Results provided important implications for practitioners and policymakers, particularly on how to effectively employ prevention- and/or promotion-oriented warning messages in their campaigns.

Factors associated with prospective changes in weight control intentions among adolescents.

The present study examined predictors of negative changes in weight control intentions from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents. Participants were Canadian secondary school students enrolled in the COMPASS study and had completed self-report surveys before (T1; 2018/2019 and/or 2019/2020 school year) and during (T2; 2020/2021 and/or 2021/2022) the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 11,869, Mage ± SD = 13.79 years old ± 1.15, 52.89% girls, 45.30% boys, 1.81% gender diverse). Demographic, interpersonal, behavioral, and psychological predictors of weight control intention change from T1 (stay the same weight, not doing anything about weight) to T2 (lose weight, gain weight) were tested using multilevel logistic regressions. Over one-third (37.0%) of adolescents who reported wanting to stay the same weight at T1 changed their intention to lose or gain weight at T2, as did 28.5% of adolescents who reported not wanting to do anything about their weight at T1. Changing weight control intention from "not doing anything about weight"at T1 to weight gain/loss at T2 was associated with resistance training, emotion dysregulation, bullying, social media use, and gender. Changing weight control intention from "stay the same weight"at T1 to weight gain/loss at T2 was associated with gender, perceived financial comfort, social media use, and flourishing. Results highlight the prevalence of maladaptive weight control intention changes among adolescents, and elucidate related behavioral, interpersonal, demographic, and psychological factors. Findings can inform targeted intervention and prevention strategies to disrupt maladaptive changes in weight control intentions among high-risk subgroups.

Conceptual Model for Intentional Change in Violent Extremist Jihadist Organisations

This paper explores a new approach to violent extremism through complex adaptive systems and system of systems analysis. Within both disciplines, the paper will show the simplified model developed about how violent extremist jihadist organisations learn, adapt, innovate or change in an intentional way. Because of its weakness, terrorists always look for the relative advantage and they reach it, among others, via learning, adaptation, innovation, ultimately, through intentional change. Understanding their dynamics intentional change will facilitate disrupting terrorist organisations.

Change in intention and hesitancy regarding COVID-19 vaccines in a cohort of adults in Quebec during the pandemic

ABSTRACT Although COVID-19 vaccine uptake was high in Quebec for the primary series, vaccine acceptance decreased for the subsequent booster doses. This article presents the evolution of vaccine intention, self-reported vaccination behaviors, and vaccine hesitancy over 2 years. A series of cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Quebec between March 2020 and March 2023, with a representative sample of 3,330 adults recruited biweekly via a Web panel. Panelists could have answered multiple times over the course of the project. A cohort of respondents was created to assess how attitudes and behaviors about COVID-19 vaccines evolved. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regressions were performed. Among the 1,914 individuals with no or low intention of getting vaccinated in Fall 2021 (Period 1), 1,476 (77%) reported having received at least two doses in the Winter 2023 (Period 2). Not believing in conspiracy theory (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.65–2.64), being worried about catching COVID-19 (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.65–2.73) and not living in a rural area (ORs of other areas are 2.27, 95% CI: 1.58–3.28; 1.66, 95% CI: 1.23–2.26; 1.82 95% CI: 1.23–2.73) were the three main factors associated with being vaccinated at Period 2. Among the 11,117 individuals not hesitant at Period 1, 1,335 (12%) became hesitant at Period 2. The three main factors significantly associated with becoming vaccine hesitant were the adherence to conspiracy theories (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.95–2.66), being a female (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.48–1.90) and being younger than 65 years old (the ORs for 18–34, 35–49, and 50–64 compared with 65 and over are 2.82, 95% CI: 2.32–3.44; 2.39, 95% CI: 2.00–2.86 and 1.82, 95% CI: 1.55–2.15 respectively). As the pandemic is over, monitoring the evolution of vaccine attitudes and uptake will be important.

Altered Perception of Environmental Volatility During Social Learning in Emerging Psychosis.

Paranoid delusions or unfounded beliefs that others intend to deliberately cause harm are a frequent and burdensome symptom in early psychosis, but their emergence and consolidation still remains opaque. Recent theories suggest that overly precise prediction errors lead to an unstable model of the world providing a breeding ground for delusions. Here, we employ a Bayesian approach to test for such an unstable model of the world and investigate the computational mechanisms underlying emerging paranoia. We modelled behaviour of 18 first-episode psychosis patients (FEP), 19 individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P), and 19 healthy controls (HC) during an advice-taking task designed to probe learning about others' changing intentions. We formulated competing hypotheses comparing the standard Hierarchical Gaussian Filter (HGF), a Bayesian belief updating scheme, with a mean-reverting HGF to model an altered perception of volatility. There was a significant group-by-volatility interaction on advice-taking suggesting that CHR-P and FEP displayed reduced adaptability to environmental volatility. Model comparison favored the standard HGF in HC, but the mean-reverting HGF in CHR-P and FEP in line with perceiving increased volatility, although model attributions in CHR-P were heterogeneous. We observed correlations between perceiving increased volatility and positive symptoms generally as well as with frequency of paranoid delusions specifically. Our results suggest that FEP are characterised by a different computational mechanism - perceiving the environment as increasingly volatile - in line with Bayesian accounts of psychosis. This approach may prove useful to investigate heterogeneity in CHR-P and identify vulnerability for transition to psychosis.

Make intentional changes with a SWOT analysis

Make intentional changes with a SWOT analysis

Abstract TP112: Clinical Consequences of Tenecteplase Substitution for Alteplase at a Large Hub-Spoke Care Model

Introduction: Tenecteplase (TNK) is becoming the preferred thrombolytic for acute brain ischemia. We report a system-wide transition using intentional change management of a hub-spoke delivery model annually providing about 300 intravenous thrombolytic administrations to 3000 stroke alerts from alteplase to TNK. Methods: By 2021, evidence supported transition to TNK from alteplase to treat acute ischemic stroke at 0.25mg/kg (maximum 25mg). We began by gathering opinions from key stakeholders regarding TNK’s clinical merit to gauge support. We subsequently educated constituents including nursing, pharmacy, technical and clinical staff. A six-month lead-in, six-month introductory, and one-year transition period began in April 2021 using an intentional change method. Median door-to-needle (DTN), door-to-puncture (DTP), thrombolytic utilization and symptomatic hemorrhage rates were recorded at five primary (P) and a comprehensive stroke center (C). Results: During lead-in to TNK, DTN were 60(P), 26(C) minutes with 10%(P), 19%(C) utilization. DTP was 73 minutes. Symptomatic hemorrhage occurred in 0.0%(P), 4.9%(C) of alteplase-treated patients. During TNK’s 6-month introductory period DTN were 60(P), 20(C) minutes with 10%(P), 19%(C) utilization. DTP was 71 minutes. Symptomatic hemorrhage occurred in 0.0%(P), 4.9%(C) of TNK patients. During the subsequent one-year transition period, DTN was 53(P) and 23(C) minutes with 8%(P),16%(C) utilization. DTP was 78 minutes. Symptomatic hemorrhage occurred in 1.5%(P) and 3.0%(C). Conclusions: Hub-spoke delivery systems can safely transition to TNK using intentional process change reducing DTN and hemorrhagic complications with stable utilization. Substitution may not reduce DTP if thrombolytic administration is not the rate-limiting step. Intentional process change provides smooth transition when stakeholder education precedes, and pathway adherence follows implementation.

Developing cue-behavior association for habit formation: A qualitative study to explore the role of avatar in hypertension.

Electronic health (eHealth) has been widely adopted in chronic disease management. Prior studies focused on time-based reminders as a cue to facilitate behavior change intentions, ignoring the development of automatic cue-behavior associations via other cue types. Hence, this study utilized avatar appearance as a visual-based cue to help establish the automatic association between appearance transformation and health behavior to form habits without intention. To better understand users' attitudes and experiences toward applying changes in avatar appearance to develop cue-behavior associations for hypertensive patients. Fifteen participants were recruited in a 14-day experiment. After excluding one participant who dropped out of the experiment, others were randomly assigned to two groups. One group consisted of a visual-based cue (a virtual plant) and basic behavior change techniques (BCTs). The other group only included basic BCTs. Attitudes and experience outcomes were collected by interview, and qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. 57% of participants had been diagnosed with hypertension for more than five years, and more than 50% of participants have experience using mobile apps or wearables. 66% of participants did physical activity more than three times every week. The result shows that tailored time-based reminders, blood pressure monitoring, and daily dietary intake were the most attractive features. Additionally, hypertensive participants have positive attitudes toward avatar appearance as a visual-based cue to develop cue-behavior association, which enhances self-management motivation. This study proposes a visual-based cue design for habit formation and conducts a qualitative method to explore hypertensive patients' perceptions. The findings offer insights from user's perspectives into hypertensive patients' attitudes toward visual-based cues and perception of the connection between avatar appearance and health behavior for self-management. Subsequent discussions present eHealth design guidelines of habit formation from intention, automatic cue-behavior association, and self-management perspectives.