Changes In Carbohydrate Metabolism Research Articles

Serum lipids and IL-6 concentration in rats fed with high protein diet after sibutramine treatment

Background and Aims : Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by a disturbance in carbohydrates metabolism,fats and proteins. High Protein Diet is associated with a change in carbohydrate metabolism observed in Diabetes. Sibutramine is a nor adrenaline and serotonin reuptake inhibitor that has beneficial effects on serum lipoproteins. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine. Studies in experimental animals indicate that IL-6 in the Central Nervous System partly mediates the suppression of food intake and body weight.

Changes in lipid metabolism among patients with seborrheic dermatitis

Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of metabolic and hormonal changes in patients with seborrheic dermatitis depending on age. Seborrheic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that occurs as a result of impaired sebum production and the addition of the yeast fungus Malassezia furfur. Disorders of the endocrine, immune and nervous systems of the body can contribute to the development of dermatosis; sexual and age characteristics are also important. Malassezia furfur influences changes in the biochemical composition of sebum and supports the inflammatory response, exacerbating pathogenetic changes.
 Materials and methods. The study involved 62 patients with seborrheic dermatitis, who formed two groups: group I consisted of 32 patients aged 2030 years; group II 30 patients aged 4050 years. The groups were comparable by gender (men) and social status; all were residents of the Perm Region. The exclusion criteria were the presence of proved cardiovascular and endocrine pathology, malignant neoplasms, liver and kidney failure, HIV infection, autoimmune diseases. The study consisted of an assessment of the general condition and dermatological status as well as laboratory methods, including general blood and urine tests and biochemical blood analysis with indicators of the lipid spectrum, carbohydrate metabolism, liver enzymes and male sex hormones.
 Results. In patients with seborrheic dermatitis aged 2030 years, the level of blood lipids was within physiological values. In patients with seborrheic dermatitis older than 40 years, the lipid metabolism disorders were noted, especially an increase in cholesterol, LDL and atherogenicity index. No significant changes in carbohydrate metabolism, liver enzymes, hyperandrogenemia were observed in both groups, no significant difference between the studied groups according to these criteria was revealed.
 Conclusions. At young age, seborrheic dermatitis in men develops without significant metabolic disorders. Seborrheic dermatitis in men over 40, is mainly accompanied by hyperlipidemia; such patients need additional examinations and observation by a cardiologist.

Influence of Nordic walking with poles with an integrated resistance shock absorber on carbohydrate and lipid metabolic indices and white blood cell subpopulations in postmenopausal women.

BackgroundRegular and individualised physical activities have been shown to prevent adverse changes associated with the aging process. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and white blood cell (WBC) subpopulations in postmenopausal women participating in Nordic walking (NW) training and to compare the use of poles with an integrated resistance shock absorber (RSA) with the use of classic poles.Materials & MethodsA total of 23 postmenopausal women participated in a 8-week programme of systematic physical activity between February and April. Before and after the training programme, somatic features and serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, glucose, and insulin, were assessed, as well as lipid profile and WBC count and its specific subpopulations.ResultsAnalysis of differences in somatic features and biochemical indices before and after training in the group of women who used RSA poles showed significant decreases in fat mass content (p < 0.05), insulin (p < 0.05), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (p < 0.05), triglycerides (p < 0.05), total cholesterol (p < 0.05) and monocytes (p ≤ 0.01). In the group of women who used classic poles (NW), there was a significant decrease in WBC (p ≤ 0.01), lymphocytes (p < 0.05), monocytes (p ≤ 0.01) and granulocytes (p < 0.05).ConclusionIncreasing the training load through the use of RSA poles resulted in greater changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolic indices compared to the use of classic NW poles. In turn, the more significant effect on WBC and its specific subpopulations count in the NW, compared to the RSA training programme, may indicate that specificity of training load is an important factor in modifying the immune system response.

Change in Metabolomic Profile Associated with an Average Increase in Plain Water Intake of &gt;+1 L/day, Sustained over 4 Weeks, in Healthy Young Men with Initial Total Water Intake below 2 L/day

Cells adapt to chronic extracellular hypotonicity by altering metabolism, such that cell‐level chronic disease risk factors are reduced. Corresponding effects of sustained whole‐body hydration are hypothesized but remain to be confirmed and translated into population‐level chronic disease prevention.This analysis aimed to 1) describe change in urine and serum metabolomic profiles associated with change in hydration, induced by four weeks of sustained higher intake of drinking water, 2) check if features recognized as key osmolytes in specific tissues changed in urine and/or serum, and 3) identify which metabolic pathways might potentially be impacted by sustained hypotonic hydration.Adapt Study [Stookey JD et al., Physiol Rep 2013;1(5)] data from for 4 healthy, normal weight men (20‐25 years) who transitioned from not meeting to meeting 3 osmolality criteria (urine:&lt;800mmol/kg, serum:&lt;295mmol/kg and saliva:&lt;100mmol/kg) over 4 weeks of &gt;+1L/d intake of drinking water were used for this analysis. Untargeted metabolomic assays were performed by the UC Davis West Coast Metabolomic Center on first‐morning urine collected after overnight food and water restriction and urine (t+60min) and serum (t+90min) collected after a 750 ml bolus of drinking water. Metaboanalyst 5.0 was used to compare Week 1 vs Week 6 metabolomic profiles, using heatmap, OPLS‐DA, fold‐change, and pathway analyses.In heatmap and OPLS‐DA plots, metabolomic profiles appeared more similar in Week 6.Over 350 metabolic features decreased by 2‐fold or more relative to creatinine for at least 3 out of 4 participants in first‐morning and post‐bolus urine. Over 200 features increased by 2‐fold or more relative to creatinine in serum. A wide variety of known compounds changed by 2‐fold or more in at least one specimen type, including alcohols, monosaccharides, disaccharides, sugar acids, polyols, azoline, lactone, nucleosides, phenols, purines, pyridines, pyrimidines, fatty acids, cholesterol, glycerolipids, amino acids, carboxylic acids, phosphate, and urea. Based on hypergeometric test p‐value &lt;0.05 or pathway impact factor &gt;0.2, sustained +1L/d of drinking water was associated with concurrent changes in carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and micronutrient metabolism, a ‘reverse’ Warburg‐like pattern favoring carbohydrate oxidation via the TCA cycle in Week 6.The results warrant further work to leverage cell hydration effects for chronic disease prevention.

C-reactive protein as an indicator of polymorbidity in patients with arterial hypertension

Aim of the study was to investigate the role of C-reactive protein as an indicator of multimorbidity in patients with arterial hypertension.Material and methods. A retrospective archival study of the data of 1958 patients with arterial hypertension who were examined and treated at the clinic of the Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine (Novosibirsk) was carried out. 2 groups of patients were allocated depending on the concentration of C-reactive protein in the blood serum: normal and elevated (&gt; 5 mg/l). A comparative analysis of the severity of polymorbidity, as well as clinical, laboratory and biochemical parameters in the selected groups were carried out.Results. It has been established that patients with arterial hypertension with elevated values of C-reactive protein had higher rates of transnosological and transsystemic polymorbidity, accompanied by changes in lipid, carbohydrate and purine metabolism (a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, an increase in the concentration of glucose and uric acid in blood serum, an increase in the index atherogenicity), as well as an increase in the content of fibrinogen in the blood serum.Conclusions. The concentration of C-reactive protein in the blood serum can serve as a biochemical marker of polymorbidity in patients with arterial hypertension.

High-throughput phenotyping of physiological traits for wheat resilience to high temperature and drought stress.

Interannual and local fluctuations in wheat crop yield are mostly explained by abiotic constraints. Heatwaves and drought, which are among the top stressors, commonly co-occur, and their frequency is increasing with global climate change. High-throughput methods were optimized to phenotype wheat plants under controlled water deficit and high temperature, with the aim to identify phenotypic traits conferring adaptative stress responses. Wheat plants of 10 genotypes were grown in a fully automated plant facility under 25/18 °C day/night for 30 d, and then the temperature was increased for 7 d (38/31 °C day/night) while maintaining half of the plants well irrigated and half at 30% field capacity. Thermal and multispectral images and pot weights were registered twice daily. At the end of the experiment, key metabolites and enzyme activities from carbohydrate and antioxidant metabolism were quantified. Regression machine learning models were successfully established to predict plant biomass using image-extracted parameters. Evapotranspiration traits expressed significant genotype–environment interactions (G×E) when acclimatization to stress was continuously monitored. Consequently, transpiration efficiency was essential to maintain the balance between water-saving strategies and biomass production in wheat under water deficit and high temperature. Stress tolerance included changes in carbohydrate metabolism, particularly in the sucrolytic and glycolytic pathways, and in antioxidant metabolism. The observed genetic differences in sensitivity to high temperature and water deficit can be exploited in breeding programmes to improve wheat resilience to climate change.

Impact of the DRD2 Polymorphisms on the Effectiveness of the Training Program.

Dopamine receptor D2 gene (DRD2) polymorphisms have been associated with cognitive abilities, obesity, addictions, and physical-activity-related behaviors, which may underlie differences in the effectiveness of training programs. What is not yet clear is the impact of DRD2 polymorphisms on the effectiveness of exercise programs. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between the DRD2 polymorphic sites (rs1076560, rs12364283, rs1799732, rs1800497, and rs1800498) and the body’s response to regular physical activity. We studied genotypes and haplotypes distribution in a group of 165 females measured for body mass and body composition measurements, lipid profile, and glucose levels before and after realization of a 12-week training program. When tested individually, statistical analyses revealed one significant genotype by training interaction under the general model (for the basal metabolic rate, BMR, p = 0.033). Carriers of the rs1076560 CC genotype exhibited a decrease in BMR in response to training (p = 0.006). Haplotype analyses also showed that (i) the CACCC and CACTT haplotypes were associated with a post-training decrease in glucose level (β = −4.11, p = 0.032; β = −6.86, p = 0.020, respectively); (ii) the CGCCT with an increase in BMR (β = 0.65, p = 0.003) and fat free mass (FFM, β = 1.20, p = 0.009); (iii) the CA-CT with a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL, β = −17.26, p = 0.046). These results provide some evidence that the DRD2 polymorphisms may play a role in post-training changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and, as a consequence, in the effectiveness of training programs.

Partial jejunal diversion (PJD) with jejunocolic anastomosis preliminary results of a pilot study.

Bariatric-metabolic surgery is an effective tool in the treatment of severe obesity and related diseases. Its importance has increased even more in the era of the type II diabetes mellitus and COVID 19 pandemics. The aim of our study is to present the initial results of a new operation that minimizes surgical trauma. In the prospective study, laparoscopic side-to-side anisoperistaltic jejunocolic anastomosis was constructed in order to derive part of the chyme by the anastomosis. Patients were operated in the period of IV/2018VII/2019; their mean age was 48.43±10.36 years, mean weight 112.3±16.6 kg and mean BMI 41.9±5.2. Patients were examined one month before surgery and then followed at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. We evaluated weight loss and changes in carbohydrate metabolism. We did not record any perioperative or postoperative surgical complications. There was a statistically significant weight loss during the study period. There was a significant decrease in absolute weight in kilograms (p.

The FoxOs are in the ApoM house.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome continues to increase globally and heightens the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Insulin resistance is a core pathophysiologic mechanism that causes abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and atherogenic changes in circulating lipoprotein quantity and function. In particular, dysfunctional HDL is postulated to contribute to CVD risk in part via loss of HDL-associated sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). In this issue of the JCI, Izquierdo et al. demonstrate that HDL from humans with insulin resistance contained lower levels of S1P. Apolipoprotein M (ApoM), a protein constituent of HDL that binds S1P and controls bioavailability was decreased in insulin-resistant db/db mice. Gain- and loss-of-function mouse models implicated the forkhead box O transcription factors (FoxO1,3,4) in the regulation of both ApoM and HDL-associated S1P. These data have important implications for potential FoxO-based therapies designed to treat lipid and carbohydrate abnormalities associated with human metabolic disease and CVD.

Evaluation of indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in rats depending on the type of high-calorie diet

BACKGROUND: Recently, there has been an increase in the number of cardiovascular diseases and mortality rates among the population. This may be due to a violation of metabolic processes in the body, in particular lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, caused by an unbalanced high-calorie diet.PURPOSE: To study and compare the main indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a fructose-fortified diet and a diet with a high fat content under experimental conditions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on outbred white rats, males, which were divided into 3 groups — a control group and two experimental ones, 15 individuals in each. The rats of the first experimental group were kept on a high-fat diet, the second experimental group was assigned a fructose-enriched diet for 35 days. The control group was on a balanced diet. We studied the changes in the parameters of carbohydrate (glucose, insulin, insulin resistance indices) and lipid (cholesterol-, high- and low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides) metabolism on the 21st, 35th and 60th days of the experiment. The results were statistically processed using the Mann-Whitney test. The study design is retrospective.RESULTS: During the experiment, an increase in the content of glucose, insulin, and lipid metabolism parameters was observed in the experimental groups. Moreover, the content of glucose and insulin in a fructose-fortified diet increased by 18.7% (p = 0,009), 22.2% (p = 0,076), 21.5% (p = 0,009) and 50% (p = 0,009), 62.5% (p = 0,009), 106.3% (p = 0,009) over the days of the experiment, respectively. The increase in lipid metabolism was more pronounced in the experimental group, which had an increased fat content in the diet, already in the first time period of the experiment: cholesterol — by 80,8% (p = 0,009), low-density lipoproteins — by 100% (p = 0,009), triglycerides — by 120% (p = 0,009), high-density lipoproteins — by 60.9% (p = 0,009).CONCLUSION: The experimental data obtained show changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism due to increased consumption of fats and fructose.

Metabolic Effects of Doxorubicin on the Rat Liver Assessed With Hyperpolarized MRI and Metabolomics.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a successful chemotherapeutic widely used for the treatment of a range of cancers. However, DOX can have serious side-effects, with cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity being the most common events. Oxidative stress and changes in metabolism and bioenergetics are thought to be at the core of these toxicities. We have previously shown in a clinically-relevant rat model that a low DOX dose of 2 mg kg–1 week–1 for 6 weeks does not lead to cardiac functional decline or changes in cardiac carbohydrate metabolism, assessed with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). We now set out to assess whether there are any signs of liver damage or altered liver metabolism using this subclinical model. We found no increase in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, a measure of liver damage, following DOX treatment in rats at any time point. We also saw no changes in liver carbohydrate metabolism, using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRS. However, using metabolomic analysis of liver metabolite extracts at the final time point, we found an increase in most acyl-carnitine species as well as increases in high energy phosphates, citrate and markers of oxidative stress. This may indicate early signs of steatohepatitis, with increased and decompensated fatty acid uptake and oxidation, leading to oxidative stress.

The negative impact of sleep disorders on working memory may be mediated by changes in carbohydrate metabolism

Sleep restriction and sleep disturbances are very common in modern industrialized societies, increasing the risk for the development of chronic sleep deficiency in the long term. Sleep disturbances are known to affect cognitive functions, primarily, working memory - the ability to store, update, and manipulate information over brief intervals for use in complex cognitive problems solving. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the decline in working memory due to disturbed sleep are still unclear. Since insufficient or disturbed sleep affects the physiological and endocrine processes involved in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, the authors hypothesize that the effect of sleep disturbances on working memory may be due to changes in glucose metabolism; also the review discusses the mechanisms mediating the effect of sleep disturbances on glucose tolerance and provides data on the dependence of working memory on changes in carbohydrate metabolism.

Сравнение эффективности применения инозитолов и комбинированных оральных контрацептивов для коррекции метаболических, эндокринных и клинических параметров пациенток с синдромом поликистозных яичников

The use of a combination of myoinositol and D-chiroinositol in a ratio of 5:1 (MI/DCI 5:1), manganese and folic acid appears promising for the correction of androgen-dependent dermopathy, regulation of the menstrual cycle, restoration of ovulation in patients planning pregnancy, as well as for improving endocrine and metabolic parameters, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Objective. To compare the effects of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and combination of MI/DCI 5:1, manganese and folic acid on endocrine, metabolic and clinical parameters in patients with PCOS. Patients and methods. A prospective open-label clinical trial included 129 patients with PCOS. Patients in group 1 (A, n = 63) were prescribed COCs with antiandrogenic activity containing ethinyl estradiol 20 μg/drospirenone 3 mg; patients in group 2 (B, n = 66) were prescribed the combination of MI/DCI 5:1, manganese and folic acid for 6 months. Lifestyle modifications were also recommended for all patients: physical activity and diet therapy. Results. Low serum androgen levels were observed in both groups. The use of COCs resulted in a more significant reduction in hirsutism according to the Ferriman-Gallwey score and clinical manifestations of acne. Administration of the combination of MI/DCI 5:1 showed good results in improving carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with PCOS. Thus, in group B there was a significant reduction in glucose levels (4.9 ± 0.3 vs. 5.2 ± 0.5 mmol/L, p &lt; 0.01) and fasting insulin (12.1 ± 5.3 vs. 22.2 ± 4.9 mmol/L, p &lt; 0.01), HOMA and CARO indices. No changes in carbohydrate metabolism were observed during COCs administration, but there was an increase in cholesterol levels (6.0 ± 0.7 vs. 5.7 ± 0.5 mmol/L, p &lt; 0.05), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) (3.9 ± 0.4 vs. 3.5 ± 0.6 mmol/L, p &lt; 0.05), and atherogenic coefficient (AC). Lipid profile parameters in group B improved significantly from baseline by reducing cholesterol (5.1 ± 0.6 vs. 5.6 ± 0.6 mmol/L, p &lt; 0.05), triglycerides (1.5 ± 0.4 vs. 1.8 ± 0.3 mmol/L, p &lt; 0.05), and LDL (2.7 ± 0.5 vs. 3.6 ± 0.8 mmol/L, p &lt; 0.01). Diet therapy and administration of the combination of MI/DCI 5:1, manganese and folic acid resulted in a 4.4% decrease in waist circumference and a 4.8% decrease in body mass index (BMI). In contrast, the COCs group showed a 2.1% increase in waist circumference and a 4.7% increase in BMI, which may be related to an increased appetite. In group B, the regularity of menstrual cycle in patients with PCOS was also analyzed. After 6 months of therapy, a regular cycle was observed in 40% of patients vs. 11% of patients at baseline with a mean duration of 33.3 ± 9.4 days (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion. Lifestyle modification with the combination of MI/DCI 5:1, manganese and folic acid is effective for the correction of endocrine, metabolic, and clinical profile in patients with PCOS and appears to be a promising new alternative to COCs regardless of reproductive planning. Key words: polycystic ovary syndrome, myoinositol, D-chiroinositol, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, hirsutism, acne

THE EFFECT OF PLACENTAL CRYOEXTRACT ON THE STATE OF PROTEIN-LIPID METABOLISM IN THE GASTRIC MUCOSA IN EXPERIMENTAL STRESS-INDUCED ULCERS

Introduction. Peptic ulcer is one of the most prevalent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Stress factor is considered to have the highest impact on the development of ulcers, as it is present in almost all cases of onset and exacerbation of this disease. Acute stress ulcers occur with severe injuries, acute diseases of various organs, shock, a sharp drop in blood pressure, oxygen deficiency of body tissues, liver, kidney and others. Given the above facts, in the correction of stress-induced lesions of the gastric mucosa (GM) therapeutically, the target should consider not only reducing the aggression factors of gastric juice, but also the normalization of changes in protein and carbohydrate metabolism in GM. In this aspect, our attention was drawn to the domestic biotechnological preparation of placental cryoextract (CEP), which has a range of valuable biological effects. The aim is to study the effect of cryopreserved placenta extract on the state of protein-lipid metabolism in the gastric mucosa in a model of water-immobilization stress in rats. Materials and methods of research. The studies were performed on 28 nonlinear laboratory male rats weighing 200–220 g. Stress-induced gastric ulcer was modeled under water-immobilization stress (WIS) in rats according to the method of Takagi et al. To obtain the homogenate, the GM was perfused with cold (+ 4°C) buffer solution and homogenized at 3000 rpm (teflon/glass). The content of oxidatively modificated proteins (OMP) in GM was determined by Dubinina spectrophotometric method. The content of total lipids in the GM was determined spectrophotometrically by color reaction with sulfophosphovaniline reagent. Phospholipids (PL) were fractionated by the method of Svetashev and Vaskovsky. Research results. Evaluation of changes in protein metabolism in GM showed that the level of total protein in rats, which were preventively administered CEP before WIS, was almost comparable with that of intact rats, i.e., 50.1 ± 1.7 μg/mg tissue and 51.1 ± 1.3 μg/mg of tissue, respectively, which indicated the elimination of disorders of protein homeostasis with the introduction of the studied cryoextract. Studies of changes in total lipids and PL showed that the content of PL of animals treated with CEP was 26.9 ± 0.9%, which was not significantly different from that of intact animals (30.5 ± 0.9%) and, at the same time, it was by 7.3% higher (p &lt; 0.001) as compared with animals who were administered esomeprazole. Conclusions. Prophylactic five-day administration of CEP to WIS leads to normalization of all evaluated indices, in particular, to increase of the total protein level by 29.0% (p &lt;0.01), decrease of oxidatively modified proteins level by 20.6% (p &lt;0.01), and the 2.3-fold increase (p &lt;0.001) of the level of phospholipids in the total lipids pool.

Association of angiotensinogen and angiotensin II receptor type I polymorphisms with biomarkers of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in Dagestan residents with type 2 diabetes and hypertension

Aim. To study the associations of angiotensinogen (AGT) (s4762(С521Т), rs699(Т704C)) and angiotensin II receptor type I (AGTR1) (rs5186(A1166C)) genetic polymorphisms with serum levels of insulin, glucagon, C-peptide, leptin, as well as with dyslipidemia and glycemic levels in Dagestan residents with combination of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension (HTN), as well as with isolated T2D/HTN.Material and methods. We examined 16 patients with isolated T2D, 59 patients with T2D+HTN and 51 patients with isolated HTN from Dagestan. Genetic polymorphisms of the AGT and AGTR1 genes were studied. The levels of insulin, glucagon, C-peptide, and leptin were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while lipid and carbohydrate metabolism — by biochemical methods.Results. In patients with T2D, the association of CC genotype of AGT gene rs4762(С521Т) polymorphism with a leptin decrease was determined, while its CT genotype was associated with an increase in serum level of triglycerides. The TC genotype of AGT gene rs699(Т704C) polymorphism was associated with an increase in leptin, triglyceride and glucose levels. The AA genotype of AGTR1 gene rs5186(A1166C) polymorphism was associated with an increase in insulin and glucose levels, as well as a decrease in leptin level. In patients with a combination of T2D and HTN, CC and CT genotypes of AGT gene rs4762(С521Т) polymorphism was associated with a decrease in glucagon level. The TT genotype of AGT gene rs699(Т704C) polymorphism was associated with an increase in insulin, triglyceride, glucose and body mass index (BMI) levels. In isolated HTN, the CC and CT genotypes of AGT gene rs4762(С521Т) polymorphism were associated ith a decrease in glucagon level. The TT genotype of AGT gene rs699(Т704C) polymorphism was associated with increased levels of insulin, low density lipoproteins, and BMI.Conclusion. Associations of AGT (s4762(С521Т), rs699(Т704C)) and AGTR1 (rs5186(A1166C)) genetic polymorphisms with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism changes are an important pathogenetic link of T2D and HTN, which allows developing an individual prognosis of these diseases in Dagestan residents.

Gallbladder influence on carbohydrate metabolism in patients with ischemic heart disease and first-detected hyperglycemia

Aim — to determine the changes in carbohydrate metabolism in case of intact gallbladder(GB) and its disorders including the condition after cholecystectomy in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Materials and methods. Examinations involved 71 inpatients (52.11 % males, 47.89 % females, median age 65 years) with various forms of CHD (acute coronary syndrome, acute myocardial infarction, postinfarction cardiosclerosis), who were treated in cardiological and infarctional wards. All patients were divided into groups depending on the sonographically determined GB status: the 1st group (n = 30) with intact GB, 2ndgroup (n = 24) with inflections, sludge or signs of chronic cholecystitis, the 3rd group (n = 7) withcholelithiasis and calculous cholecystitis, the 4th(n = 10) with the history of cholecystectomy. Thegroupswereage- and no­sology-matching. Apart from routine investigations, 20 parameters of glucose metabolism were determined: oral glucosetolerance test (OGTT) with the estimation of glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels at baseline (0’) and on 30, 60 and 120 minutes after taking of 75 g of glucose; glycated hemoglobin(НbА1c) levels; increasing areas under curves in the early and late phases for glucose (iAUCG 0-30’, 30-120’) and insulin (iAUCI 0-30’, 30-120’); seevral indexes (HOMA-IR, Quicki, Matsuda, Shuster, DeFronzo). Results. It has been established that GB disorders were accompanied by the significantly less frequent normal glucose metabolism (6.4 % vs 26.7 %) and higher diabetes incidence (19.4 % vs 3.3 %, both p &lt; 0.05) compared to the intact GB. GB condition did not affect the liver insulin sensitivity, the peripheral tissues’ insulin sensitivity, liver clearance of insulin, C-peptide level, as well as the early or late insulin secretion phase, although it was significantly associated with glycemia levels, glycated hemoglobin and the ratio between insulin secretion and the tissue sensitivity. The worst condition of carbohydrate metabolism was observed in case of sludge, GB deformations and signs of chronic cholecystitis: these changes were accompanied by significantly higher glycemia at all points (0’, 30’, 60’, 120’), bigger area under curve for glucose in the late phase (30—120’), higher glycated hemoglobin and lower DeFronzo index. The condition after cholecystectomy was associated with a lower level of glycated hemoglobin, although during the first hour after glucose loading levels of glycemia exceeded the values of people with intact GB. Conclusion. The gallbladder condition affects carbohydrate metabolism, and its pathological changes are associated with a deterioration of carbohydrate balance.&#x0D;

MODEL OF HUMAN METABOLIC AGE

With aging, regular changes develop in metabolism, first of all, these are changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. With accelerated aging, metabolic disorders are more expressed, which leads to the development of metabolic syndrome. The purpose of the work was to develop a method for calculating metabolic age using available clinical tests and to assess the rate of metabolic aging in people with metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods. The study involved 283 apparently healthy people aged 20 to 80 years and 82 people with metabolic syndrome. Anthropometric parameters and biochemical tests were measured for all people included in the study. The formula for calculating metabolic age was obtained by the method of stepwise multiple regression.Results. The calculation of the metabolic age in healthy people according to the formula we obtained showed that the average absolute error is 6.01 years. In 20.5% of people with metabolic syndrome, metabolic age exceeds chronological age by more than 10 years. At the same time, in the group of healthy people, the share of such people was only 4.2%. Conclusions. The method we have developed for assessing the rate of metabolic aging has a sufficiently high accuracy and can be used to assess the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and other agerelated pathology.

Характеристика изменений показателей липидного и углеводного обменов у больных морбидным ожирением до и после оперативного лечения в зависимости от вида хирургического вмешательства

Актуальность. Ожирение — хроническое заболевание обмена веществ, которое прогрессирует при естественном течении, имеет определенный круг осложнений и высокую вероятность рецидива после окончания курса лечения. Связь ожирения с различными метаболическими нарушениями делает его одной из наиболее важных проблем здраво­охранения как для развитых стран, так и развивающихся стран. Цель: проанализировать динамику показателей липидного и углеводного обмена у больных с морбидным ожирением (МО) до и после билиопанкреатического шунтирования (БПШ) в модификации Hess — Marceau и продольной резекции желудка. Материалы и методы. Выборку исследования составили 82 пациента с МО и сопутствующим метаболическим синдромом (МС) в возрасте от 21 до 62 лет (средний возраст — 40,60 ± 1,09 года), которые были про­оперированы по данному поводу и находились в послеоперационном периоде под наблюдением в клинике «Гарвис», которая является базой кафедры хирургии 1 ГУ «Днепропетровская медицинская академия МЗ Украины», в течение от 2 до 3 и более лет после операции. Распределение больных по группам проводилось в зависимости от примененного способа хирургического лечения. І клиническую группу составили 30 (36,6 %) больных с БПШ в модификации Hess — Marceau; II группу — 52 (63,4 %) пациента с продольной резекцией желудка. У разного количества больных в обеих группах в течение срока наблюдения проводили определение характеристик липидного и углеводного обмена с применением общих практических и клинических методов. Оценку результатов снижения массы тела, изменения со стороны маркеров липидного и углеводного обмена проводили в динамике наблюдения — при первом визите на этапе предоперационной подготовки, через 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 и 36 месяцев после оперативного вмешательства. Результаты. Анализ динамики показателей МО после оперативного лечения показал общие тенденции к достоверному (от p &lt; 0,01 до p &lt; 0,001) уменьшению показателей массы тела и индекса массы тела (ИМТ) у пациентов всех клинических групп уже через 3 месяца от начала лечения. В I группе существенное снижение показателей происходило в течение 18 месяцев, а во II — в период 6–12 месяцев. Дислипидемические нарушения у больных с МО достоверно коррелировали с показателями избыточной массы тела с различной степенью достоверности (от р &lt; 0,05 до р &lt; 0,01). Результаты исследования показателей углеводного обмена накануне оперативного лечения свидетельствовали о наличии существенной взаимозависимости уровней С-пептида, инсулина и глюкозы в крови от ИМТ пациентов (от p &lt; 0,01 до p &lt; 0,001). В динамике исследования установлены тенденции к нормализации показателей липидного и углеводного обменов у пациентов обеих групп в течение 2 лет после бариатрического вмешательства с наибольшими изменениями в группе после БПШ уже после 3 и 6 месяцев. Выводы. Прямая корреляционная зависимость, установленная между показателями липидного и углеводного обменов с показателем ИМТ и избыточной массой, доказывала необходимость применения у этих больных оперативного лечения. Тенденции к нормализации показателей липидного и углеводного обменов у пациентов обеих групп в течение 2 лет после бариатрического вмешательства свидетельствовали о его эффективности.

Особливості вуглеводного обміну у жінок раннього репродуктивного віку із склерополікістозом яєчників

Актуальність. Фертильність жінок, особливо з ендокринним гіперандрогенним дисбалансом, заслуговує на особливу увагу, оскільки частота репродуктивних втрат у цій групі сягає майже 67 %. Мета. Визначення взаємозв’язку між індексом маси тіла, порушеннями вуглеводного обміну та показником вітаміну D при клінічних симптомах склерополікістозу яєчників (СПКЯ). Матеріали та методи. Гормональний аналіз проведено упродовж п’ятого — сьомого днів менструального циклу на підставі визначення у сироватці крові фолікулостимулюючого, лютеїнізуючого гормонів, тестостерону, глобуліну, що зв’язує статеві гормони, дегідроепіандростерону сульфату, дегідротестостерону у 45 жінок із СПКЯ віком 18–25 років. Результати. Прослідковано зв’язки вмісту вітаміну D і гормонального забезпечення репродуктивної системи у жінок із СПКЯ, продемонстровано тригерну роль зниження рівня вітаміну D у формуванні гормонального дисбалансу та клінічних гіперандрогенних проявів інсулінорезистентності у жінок із СПКЯ. Висновки. Па­цієнтки із СПКЯ та недостатнім рівнем вітаміну D, незважаючи на відсутність надмірної маси тіла та ожиріння, мають більш виражені зміни вуглеводного обміну, ніж пацієнтки без СПКЯ.

Sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome in the obese and non-obese: Clinical, polysomnographical and clinical characteristics

IntroductionSleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS) and childhood obesity are two high prevalence conditions that represent a public health challenge. ObjectiveTo analyse the association between both and comparing child groups that had or did not have both conditions. Patients and methodsA prospective study in children (3–14 years), referred to the “Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit” due to suspected SAHS, between 1 November 2015 and 1 August 2017. The following parameters were evaluated: anthropometry, symptoms, blood pressure, ear, nose, and throat examination, polysomnography (nocturnal PSG) and laboratory tests. ResultsA total of 67 children were evaluated (64% non-obese (NOb) and 36% obese (Ob). It was observed that the Ob were older (P < .001), slept less hours (P = .028), did less physical exercise (P = .029), ate less in the school dining room (P = .009), had la lower sleep efficiency, and had abnormal values in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.The children with SAHS were younger (P = .010), a high percentage of daytime sleepiness (P = .001), and breathing through the mouth (P = .006), greater percentile of diastolic blood pressure (P = .019) and a lower IGF-1 (P = .003) than those that did not have SAHS. The comparison of the SAHS NOb and SAHS Ob groups, showed that the first group were younger (P = .010), snored more (P = .012), had a more severe SAHS (IAH 13.1 vs 5.4, P = .041), and a higher GOT (P < .001). In the second group, they slept less hours P = .038) and showed lower values of glucose (P = .039), insulin (P < .001), and HOMA (P < .001). ConclusionThe behaviour of SAHS is different in obese children and non-obese children, with differences in age, clinical characteristics, severity of SAHS, and metabolic changes. The children diagnosed with SAHS were in the higher percentile of diastolic blood pressure. Obesity was associated with worse sleep quality, and changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.