Ceruloplasmin Concentrations Research Articles

Clinical and laboratory features and gene diagnosis of Menkes disease

Objective To explore the clinical and laboratory features, and gene diagnosis method of Menkes disease(MD). Methods The clinical and laboratory features and gene diagnosis method of 2 infants with MD were reviewed. Results (1)Clinical features: both infants mentioned in this article were male.Their clinical manifestations were both began at 3-4 months age, including peculiar kinky hair, pale skin, pudgy cheeks, inguinal hernia, vessel abnormality, epilepsy and mental retardation.(2)Laboratory features: the ceruloplasmin concentrations significantly reduced to be T.The pathogenicity of this mutation had not been reported previously at home and abroad.The sequencing of the gene panel without pathogenic mutation was detected in case 2.But the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification test showed a gross deletion of ATP7A gene containing 8-12 exons.This mutation had been documented as a pathogenic mutation of MD.Both mothers of 2 patients were heterozygous mutation car-riers of normal phenotype. Conclusions MD is a multisystemic disease caused by ATP7A gene mutation resulting in copper metabolism disorder.MD is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait.MD is characterized by kinky hair, connective tissue abnormalities and progressive neurodegeneration.Clinical diagnosis can be made on the basis of clinical features, findings of blood biochemical examination, and radiological findings.Gene sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification test are the main technique widely used for genetic diagnosis. Key words: Menkes disease; Ceruloplasmin; ATP7A; Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification

Maternal rumen-protected methionine supplementation and its effect on blood and liver biomarkers of energy metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress in neonatal Holstein calves

In nonruminants, nutrition during pregnancy can program offspring development, metabolism, and health in later life. Rumen-protected Met (RPM) supplementation during the prepartum period improves liver function and immune response in dairy cows. Our aim was to investigate the effects of RPM during late pregnancy on blood biomarkers (23 targets) and the liver transcriptome (24 genes) in neonatal calves from cows fed RPM at 0.08% of diet dry matter/d (MET) for the last 21 d before calving or controls (CON). Blood (n=12 calves per diet) was collected at birth before receiving colostrum (baseline), 24 h after receiving colostrum, 14, 28, and 50 d (post-weaning) of age. Liver was sampled (n=8 calves per diet) via biopsy on d 4, 14, 28, and 50 of age. Growth and health were not affected by maternal diet. The MET calves had greater overall plasma insulin concentration and lower glucose and ratios of glucose-to-insulin and fatty acids-to-insulin, indicating greater systemic insulin sensitivity. Lower concentration of reactive oxygen metabolites at 14 d of age along with a tendency for lower overall concentration of ceruloplasmin in MET calves indicated a lesser degree of stress. Greater expression on d 4 of fructose-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), and the facilitated bidirectional glucose transporter SLC2A2 in MET calves indicated alterations in gluconeogenesis and glucose uptake and release. The data agree with the greater expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Greater expression on d 4 of the insulin receptor (INSR) and insulin-responsive serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT2) in MET calves indicated alterations in insulin signaling. In that context, the similar expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) in CON and MET during the preweaning period followed by the marked upregulation regardless of diet after weaning (d 50) support the idea of changes in hepatic insulin sensitivity during early postnatal life. Expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) was overall greater and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) was lower in MET calves, indicating alterations in fatty acid oxidation. Except forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), all genes changed in expression over time. Transcriptome results indicated that calves from MET-supplemented cows underwent a faster maturation of gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in the liver, which would be advantageous for adapting to the metabolic demands of extrauterine life.

Determination of Serum Ceruloplasmin Concentration in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma with Cataract and Patients with Cataract Only: A Pilot Study.

BackgroundThe aim of this article was to describe the role of ceruloplasmin and to report preliminary results of ceruloplasmin concentrations in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with cataract and in patients with only cataract.Glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disease, is a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), their axons, progressive optic nerve damage, and visual field deterioration.Material/MethodsThe POAG group included 30 patients and the cataract group included 25 patients.ResultsCeruloplasmin plays an essential role in iron metabolism and inactivating free radicals. In the presented pilot study, serum ceruloplasmin level was lower in the POAG group in comparison to the group with only cataract.ConclusionsIn treating persistent inflammation in the course of glaucoma, antiglaucoma drugs may increase the permeability of the blood-ocular barrier, which may be connected with the lower concentration of serum ceruloplasmin in the glaucoma patients group.

Acute phase proteins response to feed deprivation in broiler chickens

Feed deprivation in poultry farming imposes some degree of stress to the birds, and adversely affects their well -being. Serum levels of acute phase proteins (APP) are potential physiological indicators of stress attributed to feed deprivation. However, it has not been determined how long it takes for a measurable APP response to stressors to occur in avian species. An experiment was designed to delineate the APP and circulating levels of corticosterone responses in commercial broiler chickens to feed deprivation for 30 h. It was hypothesized that feed deprivation would elicit both APP and corticosterone (CORT) reactions within 30 h that is probably associated with stress of hunger. Twenty-one day old birds were subjected to one of 5 feed deprivation periods: 0 (ad libitum, AL), 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 h. Upon completion of the deprivation period, blood samples were collected to determine serum CORT, ovotransferrin (OVT), α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), and ceruloplasmin (CP) concentrations. Results showed that feed deprivation for 24 h or more caused a marked elevation in CORT (P=0.002 and P<0.0001, respectively) when compared to AL. However, increases in AGP (P=0.0005), CP (P=0.0002), and OVT (P=0.0003) were only noted following 30 h of feed deprivation. It is concluded that elicitation of AGP, CP, and OVT response may represent a more chronic stressful condition than CORT response in assessing the well-being of broiler chickens.

Oxidative stress, d-ROMs test, and ceruloplasmin

ABSTRACTHuman serum samples were evaluated for oxidative stress with the d-ROMs test. The ceruloplasmin (CP) and copper contents of the samples was independently measured and compared to those calculated on the basis of the d-ROMs test results for pure CP solutions. The d-ROMs readings did not show any significant correlation with either the CP or copper contents of the samples. Critical interference of CP on the d-ROMs test was therefore excluded and the usefulness of the test in the evaluation of global oxidative status of a biological sample could be reassessed.

Evaluation of oxidative stress markers and intra-extracellular antioxidant activities in patients with endometriosis

ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to evaluate alterations in intracellular and extracellular antioxidant enzymes activities and serum oxidative stress markers in patients with endometriosis. Study designThe current prospective study consisted of 31 female patients with endometriosis and 27 healthy controls. Serum total thiol, native thiol, disulphide, catalase, myeloperoxidase, and ceruloplasmin concentrations were measured. Laboratory and clinical data of all participants were recorded to compare the differences between the study and the control groups. ResultsSerum native thiol and total thiol levels in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group [(p=0.009, p=0.03, respectively)]. Serum catalase levels are significantly higher in patients with endometriosis comparing to the control group (p=0.009). ConclusionsThe finding that significant differences in serum total thiol, native thiol, and catalase levels observed in endometriotic patients supports that oxidative stress carries weigh in the pathophysiological aspects of endometriosis. Also significantly low levels of extracellular antioxidants and significantly high levels of intracellular antioxidants in endometriotic patients may arise from differences of free radicals in endometriosis and the activity levels of endometriosis. These non-invasive serum markers might give us an opportunity to monitor the disease's progress during the treatment.

Association Between Serum Ceruloplasmin Specific Activity and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease.

Meta-analyses demonstrate copper involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the systemic ceruloplasmin status in relation to copper is an emerging issue. To deepen this matter, we evaluated levels of ceruloplasmin concentration, ceruloplasmin activity, ceruloplasmin specific activity (eCp/iCp), copper, non-ceruloplasmin copper iron, transferrin, the ceruloplasmin/transferrin ratio, and the APOE genotype in a sample of 84 AD patients and 58 healthy volunteers. From the univariate logistic analyses we found that ceruloplasmin concentration, eCp/iCp, copper, transferrin, the ceruloplasmin/transferrin ratio, and the APOE genotype were significantly associated with the probability of AD. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, we selected the best subset of biological predictors by the forward stepwise procedure. The analysis showed a decrease of the risk of having AD for eCp/iCp (p = 0.001) and an increase of this risk for non-ceruloplasmin copper (p = 0.008), age (p = 0.001), and APOE-ɛ4 allele (p < 0.001). The estimated model showed a good power in discriminating AD patients from healthy controls (area under curve: 88% ; sensitivity: 66% ; specificity 93%). These data strength the breakdown of copper homeostasis and propose eCp/iCp as a reliable marker of ceruloplasmin status.

Pharmacological prevention of stress during chicken debeaking

Results of comparative study of efficiency of antistress pharmacological means during debeaking of chickens are presented, and ratios of heterophil to lymphocytes blood, oxidizing modifications of proteins and concentration of ceruloplasmin in blood plasma, and safety and gain of body weight of chickens are studied. Way of prevention of the stress developing after debeaking of chickens at 5–6 days, including use of the developed pharmacological compositions of the SM-complex from birth to 10-days of age daily with water in a dose of 300 mg/kg of body weight within the first 7 days of life of chickens and the SPAO-complex in a dose of 240 mg/kg of body weight with water, according to the scheme 2 days prior to debeaking, on the day of debeaking, and within 2 days after operation and vitamin K with forage in a dose of 100 mg within 4 days; beginning application 3 days before debeaking allows to effectively prevent stress, to lower withdrawal of chickens, and to raise an average daily gain of body weight.

Evaluation of immunotherapeutic potential of Ocimum sanctumin bovine subclinical mastitis

Mastitis, the inflammation of mammary glands, is caused by a wide range of contagious and environmental microbes, whose clearance from the udder is generally dependent on the use of antibiotics. However, antibiotic therapy may result in development of drug-resistant microbes and depress the activity of polymorphonuclear cells. The present study was therefore undertaken to explore the immunotherapeutic potential of an herb, Ocimum sanctum, in mastitis in dairy cows. The study involved twenty HF × Sahiwal lactating dairy cows, each identified with at least one specific subclinical mastitis quarter as per International Dairy Federation criteria. The cows were divided into two equal groups: a control group and a group administered O. sanctum leaf powder at 600 mg/kg body weight daily divided into two doses orally for 7 days. The treatment could eliminate 69.23% of intramammary infections (χ 2 = 5.07; P ≤ 0.5) and resulted in a significant reduction in somatic cell count and ceruloplasmin concentration, thus subsiding udder inflammation and improving milk quality. The herb was also found to possess immunomodulation potential, as evidenced by the significant increase in phagocytic activity of milk neutrophils and enhanced lactoperoxidase and myeloperoxidase activities. Thus, the results indicated the immunotherapeutic potential of O. sanctum in treating bovine-specific subclinical mastitis.

The potential of methylethylpiridinol in treatment of bacterial infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (experimental study)

Aim . Investigated the activity of methylethylpiridinol (6-methyl-2-ethyl-pyridin-3-ol hydrochloride) in the comprehensive treatment of the experimental bacterial infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. At the first stage of the study (in vitro) studied the effect of methylethylpiridinol in concentrations 0,25–4 mM on the growth of the strain and the activity of the sublethal concentrations of antibiotics – gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, ceftazidime. In the second stage of the study (in vivo) in rats Wistar simulated bacterial peritonitis by intraperitoneal injection of a suspension of Klebsiella pneumoniae and investigated the effect of methylethylpiridinol (80 mg/kg) on the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy with gentamicin (30 mg/kg), ciprofloxacin (50 mg/kg), ceftazidime (120 mg/kg) or tetracycline (80 mg/kg). The animal blood plasma was determined ceruloplasmin concentration (marker of the intensity of infectious-inflammatory process) and thiobarbiturate-jet products, erythrocytes – the concentration of reduced glutathione, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Results. It is found that a methylethylpiridinol inhibits the development of periodic bacterial cultures, but exhibits a pronounced antagonism with respect to gentamicin. Antioxidant slightly increases the activity of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. The bacteriostatic effect of antioxidant reduces the action of ceftazidime in vitro. In conditions of chemotherapy by using of gentamicin and ciprofloxacin additional injection of methylethylpiridinol leads to the preservation of ceruloplasmin level to the level of non-treated animals without showing the antioxidant effect. Ceftazidime exhibits antioxidant effect, reduces the introduction of methylethylpiridinol. The antioxidant properties of methylethylpiridinol did not appear in the application of tetracycline. Conclusion. Comparison of results in vitro and in vivo confirmed irrationality of using of methylethylpiridinol in chemotherapy with gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime or tetracycline for correction of peroxidation in experimental infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methylethylpiridinol in experimental chemotherapy has no law-governed effect on free radical oxidation, and when applied gentamicin may cause reduction the effectiveness of chemotherapy, confirmed in vitro.

Effect of iron nanoparticles on free radical oxidation process in blood of rats with Pliss lymphosarcoma

The use of metal nanoparticles (NPs) for cancer treatment requires careful examination of their biological effects. The aim of this study was to determine parameters of oxidative processes in the blood of tumor-bearing animals treated with metallic iron NPs only. The markers of antioxidant status and accumulation of lipid peroxidation products were measured in erythrocytes and blood plasma of rats with Pliss lymphosarcoma (PLS) and intact rats. PLS animals were treated eight times with iron NPs (at a dose of 1.25 mg/kg bw (main group), rats of the control group received saline (0.3 ml). In control animals, an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in red blood cells (RBC) by 45%; this was accompanied by compensatory increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase by 24% and 14.3%, respectively (p<0.05). In plasma an increase in MDA by 167.4% (p<0.01) and a decrease in oxidase activity of ceruloplasmin (CP) by 36.8% (p<0.001) were found. In the main group there was a decrease of accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in the blood. Intensity of detected changes depended on the antitumor effect: rats with growing LSP showed a tendency to the decrease in the RBC MDA level and normalization of plasma MDA; in animals with LSP regression this marker did not differ from normal values. In all animals of the main group the CP content was basically the same as in intact rats while GSH increased in the group without therapeutic effect (by 218.6%) and in the group with the effect by 69% (versus normal values; p<0.01). SOD activity in the rats with LSP growth significantly increased (by 42%), in the rats with regression decreased (by 30%) with subsequent normalization. Thus, administration of iron NPs caused activation of the antioxidant system in blood and a significant decrease in the manifestations of oxidative stress associated with tumor growth.

The Role of Acute Phase Proteins in Induction of Tension of Nonspecific Resistance System in Various Clinical Phenotypes of Myasthenia

Introduction: All over the world autoimmune diseases and one of the classic examples of such diseases - gravis - are on the rise. This progressing autoimmune disease characterized by pathological muscle weakness and increased fatigue. The literature describes the cause of as production of autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptor subunits thereof. However inherent immunological phenomena are not described in the literature, except the concentration of interleukins. Methods: All the 69 patients were examined and divided into 3 groups depending on the morphological damage of the thymus: a group of myasthenia without morphological damage of the thymus represented by 30 patients, a group of myasthenia with hyperplasia of the thymus represented 23 patients, a group of myasthenia with thymoma represented by 16 patients. We used these laboratory methods: microscopic determining phagocytic activity of granulocytic neutrophils; studying oxygen-dependent metabolism of neutrophil granulocytes (NBT-test); determining of C-reactive protein in blood serum; photometric determination of haptoglobin content (with rivanol); photometric determination of ceruloplasmin content by Ravin; nephelometric determination of concentration of C3 component of the complement.

Reticulocyte hemoglobin content does not differentiate true from functional iron deficiency in dogs.

True and functional iron deficiency can result in anemia. Current tests to assess iron status often do not allow differentiation between these entities, which can affect optimal treatment. Previous work suggested low reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) may be an early indicator of iron deficiency. This study aimed to correlate several inflammation markers with CHr values in dogs. We hypothesize that dogs with low CHr values have hematologic and biochemical evidence of inflammation. Animals with CHr values below the reference interval were included in the low CHr group, while dogs with normal or increased CHr were included in the control group. HCT, MCV, CHr, reticulocyte mean cell volume (MCVr), concentrations of serum iron, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and ceruloplasmin, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), percent transferrin saturation (% sat), and total WBC, neutrophil, and monocyte counts were determined. Nonparametric tests were performed; median values and percentage of abnormalities between each group were compared. Relative to control dogs, animals in the low CHr group had higher median values for CRP, ferritin, ceruloplasmin, and WBC concentration (P ≤ .05), and lower median values for HCT and MCV (P ≤ .0001). Higher frequencies of abnormalities for CRP, ferritin, WBC, neutrophil, and monocyte concentrations (P ≤ .02) were present in the low CHr group. Dogs with low CHr values often have evidence of inflammation, but low CHr did not reliably predict Fe deficiency. Additional diagnostic tests are needed to differentiate true and functional iron deficiency.

Increasing the metabolizable protein supply enhanced growth performance and led to variable results on innate and humoral immune response of preconditioning beef steers.

We evaluated the effects of MP supply on growth performance before and after preconditioning and measurements of innate and humoral immune response of beef steers following vaccination. Angus steers ( = 36; BW = 231 ± 21 kg; age = 184 ± 18 d) were weaned on d -6, stratified by BW and age on d 0, and randomly assigned to 1 of 18 drylot pens (2 steers/pen). Treatments were assigned to pens (6 pens/treatment) and consisted of corn silage-based diets formulated to provide 85%, 100%, or 115% of the daily MP requirements of a beef steer gaining 1.1 kg/d from d 0 to 42. Steers were vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV) types 1 and 2 viruses, and clostridium on d 14 and 28. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 14, 15, 17, 21, 28, 29, 30, 35, and 42. Body weight did not differ ( ≥ 0.17) among treatments from d 0 to 28. On d 42, 115% MP steers were heaviest, 100% MP steers were intermediate, and 85% MP steers were lightest ( = 0.05; 297, 290, and 278 ± 7 kg, respectively). Overall, ADG and G:F did not differ ( ≥ 0.13) between 100% and 115% MP steers and were least ( < 0.01) for 85% MP steers (1.2, 1.4, and 0.8 ± 0.07 kg/d and 0.23, 0.24, and 0.19 ± 0.008, respectively). Plasma haptoglobin (Hp) concentrations did not differ among treatments ( ≥ 0.46), whereas plasma ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations were greatest ( ≤ 0.04) for 85% MP steers, intermediate for 100% MP steers, and least for 115% MP steers on d 30, 35, and 42. Plasma cortisol concentrations were greater ( ≤ 0.03) for 85% vs. 100% and 115% MP steers on d 14 and 28. Liver mRNA expression of Cp and Hp and muscle mRNA expression of m-calpain, mammalian target of rapamycin, and ubiquitin did not differ among treatments ( ≥ 0.17). Serum neutralization titers to BVDV-1b titers were greater ( ≤ 0.02) for 115% vs. 85% and 100% MP steers on d 42 (5.8, 3.0, and 3.7 ± 0.60 log, respectively), whereas mean serum leukotoxin titers were greater for 85% vs. 100% and 115% MP steers (3.1, 2.4, and 2.5 ± 0.21 log, respectively). Preconditioning MP supply did not affect ( ≥ 0.26) ubsequent finishing growth performance and carcass characteristics. Thus, increasing MP supply from 85% to 115% of daily requirement of preconditioning beef steers had variable results on innate and humoral immune response and enhanced growth performance during a 42-d preconditioning period without affecting carcass characteristics at slaughter.

Relationship of blood and seminal plasma ceruloplasmin, copper, iron and cadmium concentrations with sperm quality in Merino rams

The aim of the current study was to investigate the concentrations of ceruloplasmin, copper, iron, zinc and cadmium concentrations in blood serum and seminal plasma obtained from Merino rams. In addition, their relationship with sperm parameters, fertility rate and litter size were also studied. Blood and ejaculate samples (6 replicates) were taken in October from 19 Merino rams, aged between 18 and 24 months. Ceruloplasmin, copper, iron, zinc and cadmium in blood serum and seminal plasma were determined. Sperm parameters including volume, mass motility, motility, concentration, Hos-test, viability, abnormal sperm and acrosome abnormality in semen, fertility rate and litter size were also evaluated. Highly positive correlation was found between blood ceruloplasmin and blood copper concentrations (r=0.812, p<0.001), whereas negative correlation were determined between these parameters in seminal plasma (r=−0.195, p<0.05). Seminal plasma copper concentration was positively correlated with seminal plasma cadmium (r=0.206, p<0.05) and seminal plasma iron (r=0,305, p<0.01) concentrations. Negative correlation was determined between blood ceruloplasmin level and acrosomal defect (r=−0.443, p<0.05). Seminal plasma ceruloplasmin level was positively correlated with volume (r=0.255, p<0.01) and negatively correlated with abnormal sperm (r=−0.186, p=0.058) and acrosome abnormality (r=−0.213, p<0.05). Seminal plasma iron concentration was positively correlated with other abnormality (r=0.257, p<0.01). Seminal plasma cadmium concentration was positively correlated with sperm abnormality (r=0.207, p=0.052) and other abnormality (r=0.262, p<0.05) and negatively correlated with fertility rate (r=−0.449, p=0.054). Blood cadmium concentration was negatively correlated with litter size (r=−0.579, p<0.01). In conclusion, blood and seminal plasma ceruloplasmin may be suggested to have positive influence regardless of copper with its antioxidant property whereas iron and cadmium have negative influence on sperm parameters and fertility in Merino rams.

INDICATORS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND RESISTANCE OF ERYTHROCYTES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE STAGE VD DEPENDING ON MODALITY OF RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY

The object was to study the effect of oxidative factors and methods of renal replacement therapy (RRT) on indices of oxidative stress (OS) and resistance cells in blood in patients with chronic kidney disease stage V(CKD VD) and anemic syndrome.&#x0D; Material and methods. The study involved 47 patients with CKD VD: 14patients were treated by hemodiafiltration (HDF), 14 patients by hemodialysis (HD) and 19 patients by peritoneal dialysis (PD). The severity ofanemia was assessed according to the KDIGO (2012) criteria. The control group consisted of30 healthy people of the same age and sex. Along with the standard diagnostic methods, we defined the content of malonic dialdehyde in serum (MDAs) and in erythrocytes (MDAe), the content of ceruloplasmin (CPs), transferrin (TRs) and SH - groups in the blood serum, the index of the OS (IOS), catalase activity in serum (CTs), glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase (G - 6 - PDHe) and total peroxidase activity (TPA) in erythrocyte, osmotic (OR) and peroxide resistance (PR) of red blood cells and erythrocyte membrane permeability (EMP). Statistical analysis was performed using the programs Microsoft Excel 5,0 and MedStat.&#x0D; Results. It has been stated that in the CKD VD patients agains the rates in control group the MDAs content increased by 3.3 times and MDAe - 1.2 times, TRs content reduced by 34%, SH - groups - by 31%, TPAe - by 41% and G - 6 - FDGe - by 58%, marcers of OR by 30%, PR - by 60%; 4.6 times increased CTs activity and OSI; 2 times grew peroxide hemolysis (PH) and 1.3 times - EMP. The analysis (depending on the RRT modality) showed that the patients treated by HDF had typical MDAs increase by 3.9 times on a background of CPs by 24%o, TRs - 33%, SH - groups - 25%, TPAe - 51%, G6 - PDHe - 42%; the increase in serum OSI - 5.4 times and 2.6 times in erythrocytes, PR - by 3.6 times and CTs activity by 3,5 times; HD group were characterized by the highest value of MDAe, OSI, PH and CTs, along with more expressed decrease of indices TRs, SH - groups, TPA and G - 6 - FDHe activity compared with rates in patients with HDF. The patients treated with PD had the lowest content of MDAs and the highest values on the background ofTPAe, the significant increase of CPs by 1.7 times and lowest TRs and G - 6 - PDHe. The patients with PD showed twice lower OS activity by OSI.&#x0D; Conclusion.Thus, in patients with CKD VD, who had HD, HDF or PD an anemic syndrome was associated with high OS activity and the increased degree of hemolysis. These changes are stipulated by RRT methods: for patients receiving HDF were typical the lowest rates of hemolysis and the highest degree of protection for erythrocytes, and for patients treated with HD - the highest OS.

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&lt;p&gt;FEATURES OF FREE RADICAL OXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM PARAMETRS OF ANIMALS AT ACUTE TOXIC AND SUBCHRONIC POISONING BY ACETAMINOPHEN WITH PROLONGED USAGE OF ESTROGEN AND PROGESTIN AT THE CORRECTION BY THIOTRIAZOLINE AND HEPADIF&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;I.B. Ivanusa&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;TernopilStateMedicalUniversity&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Activation of lipid peroxidation of animals at poisoning by acetaminophen with prolonged usage of estrogen and progestin are investigated. This is evidenced by increased concentration of reactive oxygen species by mononuclear leukocytes, the content of lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde, diene and triene conjugates. The ability of the corrective factors inhibits the formation of these products in the plasma and homogenate can indirectly evidenced about the antioxidant properties of the drug. So it is interested to investigate the influence of thiotriazoline and hepadif on activity of these processes in rats, which are poisoned by acetaminophen with prolonged usage of estrogen and progestin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;KEY WORDS: acetaminophen, thiotriazoline, hepadif, free radical oxidation of lipids and proteins, antioxidant system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;INTRODUCTION. Acetaminophen is present in more than 200 drugs at various brand names. Almost all of them are used as analgesic and antipyretics. Poisoning may be at usages a big single dose of pure drug or combined drugs containing acetaminophen. Hepatoprotectors are one of the most widely using drugs for the treatment of liver diseases. These drugs are used for metabolism normalization, increase resistance to pathogenic factors, normalization of functional activity and stimulation of reparative - regenerative processes in the liver.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, we set a goal to investigate the effect of acetaminophen on parameters of free radical oxidation and antioxidant system of animals at poisoning by acetaminophen with prolonged usage of estrogen and progestin at the correction by Thiotriazoline and Hepadif.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;INVESTIGATION METHODS. The experiments were performed on white female rats weighing 200 ±20 g, are kept on a standard diet of vivarium and free access to water.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We did three series of experiments. In the first experiment: toxic damage of rats caused by a single intragastric administration of acetaminophen suspension in 2% starch solution at a dose of 1250 mg/kg body weight (1/2 LD&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;), the second - a suspension of acetaminophen in 2% starch solution at a dose of 55 mg/kg (highest therapeutic dose) is administered within 7 days. Levonorgestrel in 2% solution of starch is administered both series intragastric at a dose of 1.17 mg/kg, and ethinylestradiol - a dose of 0.23 mg/kg within 40 days. Thiotriazoline was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 mg/kg; Hepadyf - intraperitoneally at a dose of 8.6 mg/kg.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 1 series of experiments, the experimental rats were divided into 3 groups: 1st - intact (control); 2nd – poisoning by acetaminophen after 40-day administration of levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol, 3rd - poisoning by acetaminophen after 40-days administration of levonorgestrel, ethinylestradiol and once Thiotriazoline administration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2 series of experiments, the experimental rats were divided into 3 groups: 1st - intact (control); 2nd - rats with acetaminophen administration within 7 days after 40-day administration of levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol, 3rd - poisoning by acetaminophen after 40-days administration of levonorgestrel, ethinylestradiol and 7-days Thiotriazoline administration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 3 series of experiments, the experimental rats were divided into 3 groups: 1st - intact (control); 2nd - rats with acetaminophen administration within 7 days after 40-day administration of levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol, 3rd - poisoning by acetaminophen after 40-days administration of levonorgestrel, ethinylestradiol and 7-days Hepadif administration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Concentration of diene conjugates decreased in blood plasma of rats with single and 7-days administration of acetaminophen after 40-days administration of estrogen and progestin and Thiotriazoline administration. Decrease intensity generation of reactive oxygen by blood mononuclear leukocytes is observed at Hepadif action, and Hepadif almost neutralized its toxic effect at seven-times administration of acetaminophen at therapeutic doses. Concentration diene (respectively 2.8 and 2.6 times), and triene conjugates (3.7 and 3.2 times) decreased in plasma of affected animals. Similarly effect was in liver homogenate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Amount of oxidized modified proteins in blood plasma and liver of affected animals decreased at correction of lesion by Thiotriazoline and Hepadif. The administration of corrective drugs is caused decrease of malonic aldehyde concentration in plasma and liver of affected rats. Peroxidase activity in blood at correction by Thiotriazoline decreased respectively on 159 and 162% compared with affected animals. Greater effect is observed at action of Hepadif, administration of which normalizated of the peroxidase activity of blood and concentration of ceruloplasmin. Administration of Thiotriazoline and Hepadif has protective effects on glutathione system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;CONCLUSIONS. Usage Thiotriazoline and Hepadif in rats with acetaminophen toxic damage against prolonged administration of estrogens and progestins inhibit reactive oxygen species formation by mononuclear leukocytes, decreas intensity of lipid peroxidation and protein, and normalization of enzyme and nonenzyme links of antioxidant system.&lt;/p&gt;

THE MEANING OF PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEMS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION

The pathogenesis of several diseases of respiratory system, in particular recurrent obstructive bronchitis and bronchial asthma are founded on syndrome of bronchial obstruction. The study of the pathogenesis aspects of these diseases is essential to improve the efficiency of treatment and rehabilitation of patients. Patients with bronchial obstruction syndrome have imbalance between reactions of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system with a significant damage to biological membranes at the cellular and subcellular level. Metabolic response in these patients have lower compensatory capacity, that leads to development of more severe forms of the disease. The analysis of the data obtained showed that prior to initiating therapy in children with recurrent obstructive syndrome was a decrease in antioxidant protection indicators (ceruloplasmin content and catalase activity in blood serum) and an increase in indicators of intoxication (malondialdehyde content in the blood serum). After the use of polyoxidonium in a complex therapy the patients showed a reliable increase in the content of ceruloplasmin and catalaza activity in the blood serum and decrease in the content of malondialdehyde in the blood serum. It was found that before treatment patients had an increase in the index of intoxication (nitric oxide), after the use of polyoxidonium in a complex therapy they had a significant reduction of nitric oxide in the blood serum.

Evaluation of oxidative stress via total antioxidant status, sialic acid, malondialdehyde and RT-PCR findings in sheep affected with bluetongue

IntroductionBluetongue (BT) is a non-contagious infectious disease of ruminants. The disease agent bluetongue virus (BTV) is classified in the Reoviridae family Orbivirus.Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to...

Ácidos graxos no desempenho e nas respostas imunológicas de bovinos Nelore confinados

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da adição de fontes de lipídeos naturais e protegidos no desempenho e nas respostas imunológicas de bovinos Nelore em confinamento. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com medidas repetidas no tempo e três tratamentos, que foram: sem fonte adicional de lipídeo (CONTR); com fonte de lipídeo natural (torta de algodão) (GDESP); e com fonte de lipídeo protegido e rico em ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (GPROT). O estudo foi dividido em duas fases: pré-condicionamento e confinamento de 120 bovinos Nelore inteiros (24 baias, 5 animais por baia e 8 repetições por tratamento). O tratamento GDESP proporcionou maior ganho de peso na fase de pré-condicionamento, e, durante o período de confinamento, não houve diferenças entre os tratamentos quanto ao desempenho, às características de carcaça e ao acometimento de enfermidades. As concentrações plasmáticas de TNFα, IL-1β, haptoglobina e ceruloplasmina foram superiores no tratamento CONTR. A adição de lipídeos à dieta, independentemente da fonte, promove melhora no desempenho e nos parâmetros imunológicos de bovinos Nelore confinados.