Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Stability Assessment Through Dynamic Light Scattering and Rheological Study of Hexanoic Acid-Surface-Modified Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Cyclohexane at Low Concentration

The stability of 1wt% cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles in cyclohexane is assessed in this paper. To do so, first, n-hexanoic acid (C6-) surface-modified CeO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by heating the aqueous Ce(OH)4 suspension at 400 °C and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high regulation transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). XRD pattern indicated the crystalline structure and TEM showed the cubic shape of the synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles with an average size of 4.5 nm. Next, 1 wt% CeO2–cyclohexane dispersion (nanofluids) was prepared simply by dispersing the required amounts of CeO2 nanoparticles in cyclohexane. Finally, the stability of CeO2–cyclohexane was assessed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and rheological study. DLS measurement revealed that the 1wt% CeO2–cyclohexane nanofluid has good dispersibility with a small DLS diameter (~6 nm) comparable to that of the pristine particle diameter measured by TEM. Also, the rheology study depicted the Newtonian behavior of prepared nanofluids which indicated its excellent stability. Jagannath University Journal of Science, Volume 11, Number 1, June 2024, pp. 23−30

Chitosan xerogel embedded with green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticle: An effective controlled release fertilizer for improved cabbage growth

With the growing awareness on the adverse effects of conventional fertilizers; the use of sustainable and controlled release fertilizers has garnered much significance. In the present study, we report the synthesis of chitosan-benzaldehyde Schiff base xerogel incorporated with green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticle using Psidium guajava leaves extract as a sustainable fertilizer. Spherical CeO2 NPs having an average particle size of 15.3 nm and zeta potential of – 39.9 mV was obtained. The urea-loaded nanocomposite xerogel (CsB@U/CeO2) was examined for cabbage growth. The water retention capacity extended for >2 weeks. A controlled release profile for urea was accomplished from CsB@U/CeO2 for a period extending for 30 days. The kinetics assay suggested that presence of CeO2 NPs asserted a greater role in urea-controlled release from the CsB@U/CeO2 nanocomposite hydrogel owing to polymer relaxation. The growth parameters of cabbages such as head height, diameter, fresh head weight, head circumference was enhanced in plants fertilized by CsB@U/CeO2 as compared to urea. Furthermore, the phenolic content, free radical scavenging activity, protein content, sugar and flavonoid content were also found higher in CsB@U/CeO2 fertilized plants. This study puts forth CsB@U/CeO2 xerogel can be potentially harnessed as an alternative to urea in sustainable agriculture.

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) Enhance Salt Tolerance in Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) by Boosting the Antioxidant System and Increasing Essential Oil Composition

Salinity represents a considerable environmental risk, exerting deleterious effects on horticultural crops. Nanotechnology has recently emerged as a promising avenue for enhancing plant tolerance to abiotic stress. Among nanoparticles, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) have been demonstrated to mitigate certain stress effects, including salinity. In the present study, the impact of CeO2 NPs (0, 25, and 100 mg L−1) on various morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, biochemical parameters, and the essential oil profile of spearmint plants under moderate (50 mM NaCl) and severe (100 mM NaCl) salinity stress conditions was examined. As expected, salinity reduced morphological parameters, including plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of leaves and shoots, as well as photosynthetic pigments, in comparison to control. Conversely, it led to an increase in the content of proline, total phenols, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and antioxidant enzyme activities. In terms of CeO2 NP applications, they improved the salinity tolerance of spearmint plants by increasing chlorophyll and carotenoid content, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, and lowering MDA and H2O2 levels. However, CeO2 NPs at 100 mg L−1 had adverse effects on certain physiological parameters, highlighting the need for careful consideration of the applied concentration of CeO2 NPs. Considering the response of essential oil compounds, combination of salinity stress and CeO2 treatments led to an increase in the concentrations of L-menthone, pulegone, and 1,8-cineole, which are the predominant compounds in spearmint essential oil. In summary, foliar application of CeO2 NPs strengthened the resilience of spearmint plants against salinity stress, offering new insights into the potential use of CeO2 NP treatments to enhance crop stress tolerance.

Exploring the anti-aging effect of dextran and polyethylene glycol-coated cerium oxide nanoparticles in erythrocytes

Oxidative stress generated during aging largely affects erythrocytes. Antioxidative therapies such as polyphenols and flavonoids face limitations like low bioavailability and reduced efficiency. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) can behave as antioxidative enzymes and thus have better efficiency. Additionally, biopolymer coatings such as polyethylene glycol and polysaccharides such as dextran enhance the biocompatibility of these NPs. Therefore, we synthesized and characterized bare, polyethylene glycol, dextran-coated CeONPs and examined their hemocompatibility and protective effect against age-induced oxidative stress in erythrocytes. Erythrocytes were obtained from 5 ml of fresh blood drawn from 52 healthy individuals aged 20–85 years with their consent. CeONPs were found to be protective against age-induced oxidative damage in erythrocytes such as reduced levels of antioxidants and increased levels of oxidative species. Pretreatment with NPs protected the morphology and membrane integrity of erythrocytes. Among the NPs investigated, dextran-coated CeONPs emerged as the most effective, providing a reassuring sign of progress in anti-aging research. Therefore, Dex-CeONPs can be used as potential antioxidant therapeutics against age-induced oxidative stress.

Orthopedic revolution: The emerging role of nanotechnology.

This review summarizes the latest progress in orthopedic nanotechnology, explores innovative applications of nanofibers in tendon repair, and evaluates the potential of selenium and cerium oxide nanoparticles in osteoarthritis and osteoblast differentiation. This review also describes the emerging applications of injectable hydrogels in cartilage engineering, emphasizing the critical role of interdisciplinary research and highlighting the challenges and future prospects of integrating nanotechnology into orthopedic clinical practice. This comprehensive approach provides a holistic perspective on the transformative impact of nanotechnology in orthopedics, offering valuable insights for future research and clinical applications.

Green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles via Linum usitatissimum seeds extract and assessment of its biological effects

AbstractIn the current work, CeO2‐NPs were produced via a green chemistry process via Linum usitatissimum seeds extract as the stabilizing agent. The CeO2‐NPs were characterized by the results of analytical techniques such as TGA/DTA, FTIR, UV–vis, XPS, XRD, and FESEM/PSA/EDX. The outcomes of the XRD pattern affirmed the crystalline structure of this product with the suggested size of about 20 nm, while the FESEM/PSA pictures presented spherical morphology. Additionally, the XPS analysis of CeO2‐NPs affirmed the presence of a Ce+3 oxidation state in the sample, as well as Ce+4 as the major valence of cerium oxide. The results of the MTT test on Huh‐7 cancer cells and HFF normal cells displayed the lack of any significant cytotoxicity even at concentrations up to 1000 µg/mL. Therefore, the obtained synthesized CeO2‐NPs through this green method could be suggested as a prospective agent for medical applications due to its non‐toxic effects.

Investigation on the thermal, mechanical, and antibacterial properties of polymer nanocomposites from waste polypropylene and cerium oxide nanoparticles

Investigation on the thermal, mechanical, and antibacterial properties of polymer nanocomposites from waste polypropylene and cerium oxide nanoparticles

Phyto-mediated fabrication of cerium oxide nanoparticles using Mollugo oppositifolia L aqueous leaf extract: Antibacterial, antitonicity, and molecular docking studies

The use of bio-processes for synthesizing metal oxide nanoparticles represents a forefront area of research in nanotechnology. This study introduces a rapid and eco-friendly approach for producing cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) utilizing the aqueous extract of Mollugo oppositifolia L leaves as a catalyst. The synthesized CeO2 NPs underwent comprehensive characterization through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the CeO2 NPs was assessed in vitro against various bacterial strains, demonstrating a concentration-dependent inhibition zone when exposed to concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 μg/mL. Antitonicity activity results of the synthesized CeO2 NPs revealed significant activity. Further molecular docking studies also revealed that the synthesized CeO2 NPs have better docking ability compared to control Streptomycin in E. coli topoisomerase II DNA gyrase B (PDB ID:1KZN).

Combinational delivery of berbamine and 5-fluorouracil in cerium oxide nanoparticles for colon cancer therapy: Insights from in vitro and in silico studies

Colon cancer is traditionally treated by an antimetabolite drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU) but has been linked to several drawbacks and systemic toxicity. To overcome drug associated toxicity, combination therapy is a promising strategy that synergistically enhances the therapeutic effects of co-delivered drugs while minimizing administration doses. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the anti-colon cancer potency of 5FU co-delivered with a phytochemical i.e., berbamine (BERB) in a Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) delivery system. CONPs loaded 5FU (5FU-CONPs) and BERB (BERB-CONPs) were prepared and characterized using different analytical techniques. Successful entrapment of both drugs into CONPs formulations was detected under X-ray diffraction (XRD) observations. Drug-loaded CONPs in combination showed effective anti-oxidant activity by preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generations and had superior cytotoxic effects on HT-29 cell lines compared to treatment with native drugs singly or in combination. They also triggered apoptosis through p21, p53, Bax upregulation, and Bcl-2 downregulation, as confirmed by Western blot studies. Additionally, in silico analysis was performed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) to validate the in vitro results. Results of the study suggest that 5FU and BERB CONPs in combination could be taken as a possible therapeutic approach for colon cancer treatment.

Characterization and Expression of the Cytochrome P450 Genes in Daphnia magna Exposed to Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles.

As cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2) continue to infiltrate aquatic environments, the resulting health risks to exposed aquatic organisms are becoming evident. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are integral to the detoxification processes in these species. Herein, we conducted a genomic analysis of CYPs in Daphnia magna, encompassing phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, and chromosomal localization. We identified twenty-six CYPs in D. magna, categorizing them into four clans and seven families, distributed across six chromosomes and one unanchored scaffold. The encoded CYP proteins varied in length from 99 to 585 amino acids, with molecular weights ranging from 11.6 kDa to 66.4 kDa. A quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated a significant upregulation of CYP4C1.4, CYP4C1.5, CYP4C1.6, CYP4c3.3, and CYP4c3.6 in D. magna exposed to 150 mg/L nCeO2 for 24 h. The transcript levels of CYP4C1.3, CYP18a1, CYP4C1.1, and CYP4c3.9 were notably downregulated in D. magna exposed to 10 mg/L nCeO2 for 48 h. A further transcriptomic analysis identified differential expression patterns of eight CYP genes, including CYP4C1.3, in response to nCeO2 exposure. The differential regulation observed across most of the 26 CYPs highlights their potential role in xenobiotic detoxification in D. magna, thereby enhancing our understanding of CYP-mediated toxicological responses to metal nanoparticles in aquatic invertebrates.

Green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles usingTribulus terrestris: characterization and evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial efficacy against wound isolates.

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) infections are a significant global challenge, necessitating innovative and eco-friendly approaches for developing effective antimicrobial agents. This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. The CeO2NPs were synthesized using aTribulus terrestrisaqueous extract through an environmentally friendly process. Characterization techniques included UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), x-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. The UV-vis spectroscopy shows the presence of peak at 320 nm which confirms the formation of CeO2NPs. The FT-IR analysis of the CeO2NPs revealed several distinct functional groups, with peak values at 3287, 2920, 2340, 1640, 1538, 1066, 714, and 574 cm-1. These peaks correspond to specific functional groups, including C-H stretching in alkynes and alkanes, C=C=O, C=C, alkanes, C-O-C, C-Cl, and C-Br, indicating the presence of diverse chemical bonds within the CeO2NPs. XRD revealed that the nanoparticles were highly crystalline with a face-centered cubic structure, and SEM images showed irregularly shaped, agglomerated particles ranging from 100-150 nm. In terms of biological activity, the synthesized CeO2NPs demonstrated significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The nanoparticles exhibited 82.54% antioxidant activity at 100 μg ml-1, closely matching the 83.1% activity of ascorbic acid. Additionally, the CeO2NPs showed 65.2% anti-inflammatory activity at the same concentration, compared to 70.1% for a standard drug. Antibacterial testing revealed that the CeO2NPs were particularly effective against multi-drug resistant strains, includingPseudomonas aeruginosa,Enterococcus faecalis, and MRSA, with moderate activity againstKlebsiella pneumoniae. These findings suggest that CeO2NPs synthesized viaT. terrestrishave strong potential as antimicrobial agents in addressing MDR infections.

Experimental study on the cerium oxide nanoparticles doped in diesel fuel improving the cold start performance of diesel engines at high-altitude and low-temperature environments

CeO2 nanoparticles are effective fuel additives that enhance fuel spray, atomization, and combustion characteristics due to their high catalytic activity and excellent thermal properties. When added to fuel, CeO2 nanoparticles significantly improve in-cylinder combustion, and engine performance, and reduce pollutant emissions under normal engine operating conditions. Diesel engines encounter persistent challenges during cold starts at low temperatures and high altitudes. However, there is limited research on the effects of CeO2 nanoparticles on ignition and combustion at low temperatures and cold start performance. This study aims to evaluate the impact of CeO2 nanoparticles doping in diesel fuel on the cold start performance of diesel engines in high-altitude and low-temperature environments. Diesel fuel doped with CeO2 nanoparticles at various concentrations was prepared using magnetic stirring and ultrasonication. The cold start performance of the test engine was assessed in an environmental chamber. This work investigated and evaluated the improvements of CeO2 nanoparticles on cold start performance from three perspectives: general low-temperature conditions, high-altitude environments, and extreme low-temperature scenarios with diethyl ether premixing. Experimental results indicate that incorporating CeO2 nanoparticles expanded the critical temperature required for a successful cold start from 0 °C to −5 °C. At high altitudes, the addition of CeO2 nanoparticles effectively increased the proportion of efficient combustion, evidenced by single peak and parent peak patterns during cold starts. CeO2 nanoparticles facilitated the transition from low-temperature to high-temperature reactions, promoting fuel ignition during the first injection cycle and reducing speed fluctuations during cold starts with diethyl ether premixing at −40 °C. Furthermore, adding CeO2 nanoparticles prevented detonation and rapid pressure surges during cold starts. Overall, doping diesel fuel with CeO2 nanoparticles proves to be an effective method for enhancing cold start performance in diesel engines. This study offers a novel approach for improving diesel engine cold start performance in high-altitude and low-temperature conditions.

Enhancing engine performance, combustion, and emissions characteristics through CeO2-modified cottonseed biodiesel with hydrogen enrichment: A comprehensive investigation

This investigation delves into the combined use of nanoparticles added biodiesel blends and hydrogen as secondary fuels in CI engines, intending to minimize the reliance on traditional fossil fuels. Calcined wood ash (CWA) has been used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the preparation of cottonseed biodiesel. XRD, SEM and BET analysis was performed to characterize the catalyst. This study evaluates the impact of adding hydrogen and Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles to cottonseed biodiesel on a CRDI engine. It showed that H2 at an intake rate of 10 L/min improved the engine's overall performance and reduced hazardous emissions. By incorporating the CeO2 nanoparticles (75 ppm) in a cottonseed biodiesel blend and injecting H2 in the engine the BTE was enhanced by 27.8% and BSFC was decreased by 4.41%. There was a reduction of 24%, 22.8%, 6.42%, and 69.5% for HC, CO, CO2 and smoke emissions. On the other hand, NOx rose by 9.3% compared to diesel. The combustion characteristics, such as cylinder pressure showed 26.5% improvement at full load on inclusion of H2. Additionally, under maximum load, the blend C20 + CeO2+H2 has the shortest ignition delay and combustion duration leading to higher engine efficiency. The results of this investigation offer valuable insights into the potential of biodiesel-hydrogen dual-fuel strategies to reduce the environmental impact of CI engines while promoting sustainable energy practices.

Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Cerium Nanoparticles Using Spirulina platensis: Assessing Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Efficacy.

Spirulina platensis, a type of cyanobacterium (blue-green algae), is well known for its rich abundant nutritional profile and bioactive compounds, which contribute to various biological functions within the human body. The application of nanotechnology toSpirulina has the potential to further enhance its biological activity in biomedical assays. This study aimed to utilize Spirulina platensisfor the green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO-NPs) and evaluate their physiochemical properties. The research will assess the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles and explore the underlying mechanisms of action. Spirulinaplatensis-mediatedcerium oxide nanoparticlesare synthesized by thegreen synthesis (titration method). The biosynthesized CeO-NPs are characterized by using techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). Antibacterial activity was carried out by the agar-well diffusion method and anti-inflammatory activity was carried out by the albumin denaturation method. The green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO-NPs) using Spirulina, a sustainable and eco-friendly method has potential application in antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapies. This study focuses on the green synthesis of CeO-NPs and characterizes them by using UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), SEM, and EDX. The UV-vis analysis confirmed the presence of CeO-NPs at a wavelength of 320 nm. FT-IR reveals four functional groups, such as C-O, N-O, and C=Cstretches. XRD analysis showed higher crystallineand less amorphous content. SEM and EDX spectra were utilized to confirm the morphology (agglomerated square shape) and the elemental composition [Ce, O, C]in the CeO-NPs. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical strains and the anti-inflammatory activity revealed significant activity in a dose-dependent manner. This study concluded that Spirulina-mediated CeO-NPs have potential as a drug in biomedical assays. Further in vitro and in vivo analysis is required to fully confirm their viability as a potential drug.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles promoted lateral root formation in Arabidopsis by modulating reactive oxygen species and Ca2+ level.

Roots play an important role in plant growth, including providing essential mechanical support, water uptake, and nutrient absorption. Nanomaterials play a positive role in improving plant root development, but there is limited knowledge of how nanomaterials affect lateral root (LR) formation. Poly (acrylic) acid coated nanoceria (cerium oxide nanoparticles, PNC) are commonly used to improve plant stress tolerance due to their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, its impact on LR formation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of PNC on LR formation in Arabidopsis thaliana by monitoring ROS levels and Ca2+ distribution in roots. Our results demonstrate that PNC significantly promote LR formation, increasing LR numbers by 26.2%. Compared to controls, PNC-treated Arabidopsis seedlings exhibited reduced H2 O2 levels by 18.9% in primary roots (PRs) and 40.6% in LRs, as well as decreased O 2 · - levels by 47.7% in PRs and 88.5% in LRs. When compared with control plants, Ca2+ levels were reduced by 35.7% in PRs and 22.7% in LRs of PNC-treated plants. Overall, these results indicate that PNC could enhance LR development by modulating ROS and Ca2+ levels in roots.

Electrochemical Determination of Cysteine Using a 2-(2,5-Dihydroxy-Phenyl)-Naphtho[1,2-d] Oxazole-5-Sulfonic Acid (DHPNOS) and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle (CeO2NP) Composite Carbon Paste Electrode (CPE)

An electrochemical sensor for the electrocatalytic oxidation of cysteine was designed based upon a 2-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-naphtho[1,2-d] oxazole-5-sulfonic acid (DHPNOS) and cerium oxide nanoparticle (CN) modified carbon paste electrode (CPE). An investigation of the redox properties of this modified electrode indicates a reduction in oxidative overvoltage and an intense increase in the analytical current. The pH, modifier, and nanoparticles were optimized to 7, 4% weight percent, and 5% weight percent, respectively. The apparent charge transfer rate constant (ks) and transfer coefficient for electron transfer between modifier and electrode were 2.776 s−1 and 0.47, respectively. Using differential pulse voltammetry, a linear range from 1 to40 µM with a detection limit of 0.33 µM was observed in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). This work introduces a simple approach for selective determination of L-cysteine in the presence of uric acid. Also, based on chronoamperometry, the diffusion coefficient was determined to be 2.61 × 10−5 cm2 s−1. The effect of interferences on L-cysteine peak current were studied. The repeatability and reproducibility of the designed sensor were also measured with relative standard deviation values of 1.00% and 4.45%, respectively. The constructed sensor was employed for the determination of L-cysteine in acetylcysteine tablets.

Influences of cerium oxide nanoparticles and salinity on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) growth, physiology, and root system architectural and anatomical traits

Influences of cerium oxide nanoparticles and salinity on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) growth, physiology, and root system architectural and anatomical traits

Assessing the biocompatibility and stability of CeO2 nanoparticle conjugates with azacrowns for use as radiopharmaceuticals.

The application of nanoparticles is promising for the purposes of nuclear medicine due to the possibilities of using them as vectors and transporters of radionuclides. In this study, we have successfully synthesised conjugates of CeO2 nanoparticles and azacrown ligands. Then, the radiolabelling conditions with radionuclides 65Zn, 44Sc and 207Bi were selected and the kinetic stability of the complexes in biologically significant media was evaluated. Optimum conditions for CeO2-APTES-L and CeO2-APTES-DOTA labelling were found: 0.1 g l-1 conjugate and 10-9 M metal cations at 90 °C for complexes with [65Zn]Zn2+, [44Sc]Sc3+ and [207Bi]Bi3+. CeO2-APTES-L-44Sc (radiochemical purity more than 90%) was stable in fetal bovine serum. The obtained results enabled us to choose the most promising complex for biomedical applications for carrying out in vitro and in vivo biodistribution research. Nanoceria and its derivative showed no obvious toxicity to human endothelial cells EA.hy926. Then, the in vivo stability of the studied scandium complex was demonstrated. Taken together, our studies show that functionalised cerium oxide nanoparticles lead to stable radiolabelled nanosystems that may be used for targeted drug delivery, diagnosis and treatment of oncological diseases.

Corrosion protection of mild steel via cerium nitrate loaded acrylic-vinyl polysilazane based hybrid coatings

This study presents an efficient anticorrosive coating based on an organic-inorganic hybrid polymer composed of methyl methacrylate, styrene, tert-butyl acrylate, and vinyl polysilazane. The synthesized resin exhibits excellent thermal resistance and stability, as confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Additionally, leveraging the resin's highly alkaline nature, cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were doped in situ within the polymer matrix. The hybrid resins were subsequently applied to mild steel panels using a dip-coating technique. The resulting coatings are transparent, flexible, thin, pore-free, and possess low surface roughness (<2.62 nm), along with good thermal stability (>350 °C). Their remarkable anticorrosive performance and durability are attributed to forming a highly crosslinked acrylic-polysilazane network, combined with a cerium oxide protective barrier layer that adheres to the substrate. Furthermore, the cerium ions suppress both cathodic and anodic corrosion reactions, enhancing the corrosion resistance. Notably, the coating system containing 2 wt% cerium achieved a high impedance value of 106 Ω cm2, corresponding to a corrosion rate of 0.112 × 10−5 mm/year. This study demonstrates that these acrylic-vinyl polysilazane coatings, incorporating ceria as a corrosion inhibitor, offer a promising alternative to conventional protection systems.

Production and characterization of antimicrobial nanocomposite film based on Plantago major seed gum/carboxymethyl cellulose reinforced by Cerium oxide nanoparticles and Fenugreek essential oil

Production and characterization of antimicrobial nanocomposite film based on Plantago major seed gum/carboxymethyl cellulose reinforced by Cerium oxide nanoparticles and Fenugreek essential oil