Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Advancing biomedical applications: antioxidant and biocompatible cerium oxide nanoparticle-integrated poly-ε-caprolactone fibers.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are expressed at high levels in many diseases, can be scavenged by cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs). CeO2NPs can cause significant cytotoxicity when administered directly to cells, but this cytotoxicity can be reduced if CeO2NPs can be encapsulated in biocompatible polymers.In this study, CeO2NPs were synthesized using a one-stage process, then purified, characterized, and then encapsulated into an electrospun poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) scaffold. The direct administration of CeO2NPs to RAW 264.7 Macrophages resulted in reduced ROS levels but lower cell viability. Conversely, the encapsulation of nanoceria in a PCL scaffold was shown to lower ROS levels and improve cell survival. The study demonstrated an effective technique for encapsulating nanoceria in PCL fiber and confirmed its biocompatibility and efficacy. This system has the potential to be utilized for developing tissue engineering scaffolds, targeted delivery of therapeutic CeO2NPs, wound healing, and other biomedical applications.&#xD.

Abstract B002: A therapeutically targetable positive feedback loop between long noncoding RNA-HLX-2-7, HLX, and MYC that promotes childhood cancer group 3 medulloblastoma

Abstract Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. MB is categorized into four main molecular subgroups: wingless pathway (WNT)-activated, sonic hedgehog pathway (SHH)-activated, group 3 (G3), and group 4 (G4). Although the driver pathways for G3 and G4 MB are unclear, most of these tumors are characterized by c-Myc and MYCN signatures, respectively. Recent studies suggest that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to medulloblastoma formation and progression. We have identified lncRNA, lnc-HLX-2-7, as an oncogene and a potential therapeutic target in group 3 (G3) medulloblastomas. lnc-HLX-2-7 RNA specifically accumulates in the promoter region of its host coding gene HLX, a sense overlapping gene of lnc-HLX-2-7, which activates HLX expression by recruiting multiple factors, including enhancer elements. RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation reveal that HLX binds to and activates the promoters of several oncogenes, including TBX2, LIN9, HOXM1, and MYC. Intravenous treatment with cerium oxide nanoparticle–coated antisense oligonucleotides targeting lnc-HLX-2-7 (CNP-ASO-lnc-HLX-2-7) and lipid nanoparticle-coated HLX (LNP-si-HLX) inhibits tumor growth by 40-50% in an intracranial medulloblastoma xenograft mouse model (p<0.01). Combining nanoparticle-coated lnc-HLX-2-7 and HLX with standard-of-care cisplatin further inhibits tumor growth and significantly prolongs mouse survival compared with monotherapy (p<0.01). Thus, the lnc-HLX-2-7–HLX–MYC axis is important for regulating G3 medulloblastoma progression, providing a strong rationale for using lnc-HLX-2-7 and HLX as therapeutic targets for G3 MBs. Citation Format: Ranjan R Perera. A therapeutically targetable positive feedback loop between long noncoding RNA-HLX-2-7, HLX, and MYC that promotes childhood cancer group 3 medulloblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: RNAs as Drivers, Targets, and Therapeutics in Cancer; 2024 Nov 14-17; Bellevue, Washington. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2024;23(11_Suppl):Abstract nr B002.

Green synthesis of nickel-integrated chitosan-modified CeO2 nanocatalyst for the efficient hydrogenation of 4-NP and azo dyes.

This paper reports the green synthesis and characterization of nickel-integrated chitosan-modified cerium oxide (CHS-CeO2@Ni) nanocatalyst aimed at the efficient hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and the reduction of azo dyes such as methyl orange (MO) and Congo red (CR). The CHS-CeO2@Ni nanocatalyst was synthesized via a green method, where Arnebia benthamii plant extract was used as a reducing agent to deposit nickel nanoparticles onto the CHS-CeO2 nanocomposite. Results confirmed the successful integration of Ni into the CHS-CeO2 matrix, resulting in a highly crystalline, mesoporous structure with a substantial surface area of 78.447 m2/g. The catalytic activity was evaluated in reducing MO, CR, and 4-NP in the presence of NaBH4. The nanocatalyst exhibited remarkable efficiency, reducing MO and CR in 16 and 14 min, respectively, with pseudo-first-order rate constants of 0.173 min-1 and 0.179 min-1. For 4-NP, complete reduction to 4-aminophenol was achieved within 19 min, with a rate constant of 0.112 min-1. The enhanced catalytic performance is attributed to the synergistic interaction between cerium oxide and nickel nanoparticles, highlighting the potential of CHS-CeO2@Ni as a sustainable solution for environmental remediation.

Impact of nano cerium oxide addition with pyrolysis waste plastic oil on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of CRDI diesel engine

Abstract This investigation examined the effect of incorporating cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticle into diesel and waste plastic oil (WPO) blends on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of the diesel engine. The WPO was extracted from low density polyethylene using plastic pyrolysis. The blending of diesel and WPO with combination of D70:WPO30 and D50:WPO50 was prepared to evaluate the engine operation. Additionally, the spherical sized CeO2 with 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L was added with this blend. The various blends named as Diesel, D-WPO30, D-WPO30+Ce50, D-WPO30+Ce100, D-WPO50, D-WPO50+Ce50 and D-WPO50+Ce100 were used in this investigation to operate the engine under various load conditions. The experiment was performed using water cooled common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine with prepared D-WPO blend. Different characteristics such as In-cylinder pressure (CP), heat release rate (HRR), ignition delay time (IDT), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust gas temperature (EGT), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and smoke opacity emission are studied with respect to the effect of different blends and applied load used. It was observed that increasing of CeO2 nanoparticles in blend improved the overall performance and emission of the engine. Form the results, D-WPO30+Ce100 blend showed enhanced brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust has temperature (EGT) are 28.2%, 3% and 465oC respectively. Similarly, reduced emission of CO, NOx, HC and smoke opacity was observed in the CeO2 added blends particularly at 100 mg/L. It was concluded that among all blends prepared, the D70:WPO30 with 100 mg/L of CeO2 showed improved combustion, performance and emission characteristics in proposed diesel engine.

FRAGMENTED THIGH INJURY: TREATMENT WITH PREBIOTICS, NANOPARTICLES, AND CELL THERAPY

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of staged local treatment of an infected mine-explosive wound using a gel containing Bacillus spp., cerium oxide nanoparticles, and cell therapy. Object and Methods. The article presents a clinical case demonstrating the effective staged treatment of a 57-year-old patient with a fragmentary fracture of the right femur and a large purulent wound of the right thigh. The patient underwent Ex-fix rod-type femur-tibia stabilization and resection of a post-traumatic aneurysm of the right superficial femoral artery. In the first stage of treatment, two sessions of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) were applied, with pressures ranging from 75-115 mm Hg and a session duration of 4-5 days. In the second stage, local treatment involved a combination of antiseptics and probiotics (Bacillus spp.) alongside cerium oxide nanoparticles. By the 7th day, the eradication of pathogenic microflora was achieved, allowing for the third stage of treatment—application of autologous mesenchymal stem cells. Results: The treatment of combat trauma has become increasingly relevant in Ukraine and globally due to its complexity and the rising proportion of multiple and combined injuries, which account for 25-60% of cases. Infectious complications occur in 25% of combat trauma cases and are responsible for 70% of related deaths. Most structural and functional disorders associated with wound infections develop at the time of injury, intensify over time, and require immediate surgical intervention, improvements in local treatment methods, and new approaches for wound closure. Conclusions: The use of a combination of probiotics and NPWT therapy led to a rapid reduction of the inflammatory process. Clinical observations showed accelerated wound cleansing from fibrin and necrotic tissue. The combined treatment significantly reduced the size and depth of wound due to the formation of active pink granulation tissue (observed by days 8-9) and marginal epithelialization by days 10-13. During this period, no pathogenic flora were detected, allowing for the subsequent application of autologous mesenchymal stem cells. This treatment approach reduced the need for antibacterial drugs and prevented the need for additional surgical interventions. The inclusion of cerium oxide nanoparticles was an effective enhancement for cell transplantation, facilitating stem cell delivery and contributing to the treatment of large wounds.

Effects of quercetin-immobilized albumin cerium oxide nanoparticles on glutamate toxicity: in vitro study.

One aspect of glutamate (Glut) toxicity may be the opening of the blood-brain barrier to albumin (Al), which in itself can cause nerve cell death. Quercetin (Q) is a polyphenolic substance and has a neuroprotective effect. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (Ce2O3NPs) are highly interested in biological applications due to their antioxidant properties. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of Q-immobilized Al+Ce2O3NPs in Glut-induced neurotoxicity, mainly focusing on cell viability and neurobiochemical changes. Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of Q-immobilized Al+Ce2O3NPs were performed. After preparing the primary neuron culture, it was exposed to Glut to induce neurotoxicity. Then, various doses of Ce2O3NP, Al+Ce2O3NP, and Q+Al+Ce2O3NPs (1, 5, 10, and 25 µg/ml) were applied to the wells and incubated for 24 h. Then, cell viability was determined by MTT analysis. Additionally, oxidative stress parameters were measured. When the obtained data were examined, it was shown that cell viability decreased with Glut concentration but significantly increased with Q+Al+Ce2O3NPs treatment. When oxidative stress markers were considered, Glut treatment increased LDH, AChE, and TOS levels, while TAC and GSH levels decreased. However, the trend changed after Q+Al+Ce2O3NPs treatment, suggesting that damaged neurons were protected against oxidative stress. The results of this study indicate that Q+Al+Ce2O3NP can ameliorate Glut-induced neurotoxicity, especially when used at a dose of 25 µg/ml.

Composite Scaffold Materials of Nanocerium Oxide Doped with Allograft Bone: Dual Optimization Based on Anti-Inflammatory Properties and Promotion of Osteogenic Mineralization.

Spinal fusion technique is widely used in the treatment of lumbar degeneration, cervical instability, disc injury, and spinal deformity. However, it is usually accompanied by a high incidence of fusion failure and pseudoarthrosis, placing higher demands on bone implants. Therefore, materials with good biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and even induce bone ingrowth, which can be used to improve spinal fusion rate and bone regeneration, have become a hot research topic. Here, ultra-small cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are prepared and loaded onto the surface of the homograft bone surface to prepare a composite scaffold AB@PLGA/CeO2. The composite scaffold shows the competitive ability to promote osteoblast differentiation in vitro. In vivo experiments show that AB@PLGA/CeO2 has a good bone enhancement effect. In particular, good biological effects of collagen fiber formation, osteogenic mineralization, and tissue repair are shown in intervertebral implant fusion. Further, transcriptome sequencing confirms that CeO2 NPs promote osteogenic differentiation and mineralization by regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) and collagen formation. Meanwhile, CeO2 NPs can regulate the function of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway to exert its ability to promote osteogenic differentiation and mineralization and affect p53 and cell cycle signaling pathway to regulate osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. Hence, the proposed scaffold is a promising strategy for intervertebral fusion in the clinic.

Randomized Clinical Study of Nano-Cerium Oxide and its Efficacy in Sciatic Nerve Regeneration: A Histopathological Evaluation

Background: Peripheral nerve damage is a frequent clinical condition. peripheral nerve injuries are variable, and these injuries are mostly caused by trauma. Blunt trauma has many types, including contusion, laceration, stretching, traction, penetrating and perforating injuries, abnormal sleeping positions, external pressure, internal compression, ischemia. Cerium oxide nanoparticles are used widely in the materials field. Besides their material applications. Objective: this study was examining how cerium oxide nanoparticles impact axonal regeneration of the sciatic nerve in rats. Materials and Methods: 24 adult animals used, weighing average (M±SD: 230 ± 20 g). The animals were separated into two group. The first group (control) was left without treatment, The second group (Nano cerium Oxide) was treated orally with 50 mg of Nano cerium oxide daily for 7 days. Right Sciatic nerve was completely transected in all animals. The result evaluated at 4th, 8th and 12th weeks post-operative. Results: The histopathological results, indicated that the high effective result in the second group, then the control group. The control group has a significant nerve damage and some regenerative signs over time. While there are indications of severe damage particularly at 4 and 8 weeks, then presence of almost normal nerve fibers at 12 weeks suggests partial recovery. Conclusion: Nano Cerium Oxide accelerated the regeneration of the peripheral nerves These findings suggest that this nanoparticle could can be seen as a novel therapy for promoting the regeneration of the nervous system.

Tailoring the Optical and Color Properties of Gamma Irradiated Polycarbonate/Cerium Oxide Nanocomposite Films for Their Application in Optoelectronic Devices

Nanocomposites (NC) of amorphous polycarbonate (PC) and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared. The synthesized CeO2 had a nanonature of average particle size 22 nm, as indicated from their high resolution transmission electron microscopy images (HTEM). Samples of the PC/CeO2 NC films were irradiated with several γ ray doses (10-80 kGy). The resultant outcome of the γ irradiation on the optical properties of the NC films was studied using ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-vis). Upon raising the γ ray dose up to 80 kGy, the maximum dose used, the direct bandgap decreased from 4.92 to 3.91 eV. The Urbach energy showed an opposite trend; it increased from 0.46 to 0.92 eV. This could be attributed to the domination of chain crosslinks. Also, the optical dielectric loss (ε”) assisted in identifying the nature of the microelectronic transitions. It was found that the PC/CeO2 NC films had direct allowed transitions. Additionally, the γ induced changes in the optical conductivity were studied. Moreover, the optical color changes between the pristine and the irradiated films were evaluated. The pristine NC film was uncolored. It showed significant color changes when irradiated with γ radiation up to 80 kGy. The induced modifications in the optical properties suggest that the γ radiation is an effective means for modifying the properties that allows the use of PC/CeO2 NC in optoelectronic devices.

Improving the thermal properties of water by adding MWCNTs, cerium oxide, and MgO hybrid nanoparticles at different temperatures and volume fraction of nanoparticles: Experimental investigation

This study aimed to investigate the thermal conductivity (TC) of various nanofluid compositions, including water/MWCNT-MgO-cerium oxide ternary hybrid nanofluids (THNFs) with solid volume fractions (SVFs) ranging from 0.1% to 0.6%. Additionally, the thermal conductivity of water/MWCNT-cerium oxide, water/MWCNT-MgO, and water/MgO-cerium oxide hybrid nanofluids (HNFs), as well as water/MWCNT, water/cerium oxide, and water/MgO mono nanofluids (MNFs), was measured at SVF=0.1% and 0.3%. The experimental temperature was varied between 20, 30, 40, and 50°C for all samples. The MWCNT, MgO, and cerium oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were suspended in the water base fluid (BF) to create the nanofluids (NFs) in a two-step process. MWCNT NPs are 20–30 nm in size, MgO NPs are 20 nm, and cerium oxide NPs are 10–30 nm in size. DLS and zeta potential experiments, which demonstrate the correct stability of NFs, were used to evaluate the stability of NFs. The KD2-Pro instrument was used to test the samples' TC after making sure they were stable. The data obtained demonstrate a rise in TC with rising SVF and rising temperature. The MWCNT/water MNF exhibits the largest rise in TC in SVF=0.3%, with a TC increase of 19.16% at T=40°C. It should be noted that the largest increase in TC is 26.09% compared to the BF for water/MWCNT-MgO-cerium oxide THNF at SVF=0.5% and T=40°C. Finally, a mathematical connection was shown with the comparisons done to estimate the data. The results demonstrate the postulated relationship's high degree of accuracy.

Incorporation of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles into the Micro-arc Oxidation Layer Promotes Bone Formation and Achieves Structural Integrity in Magnesium Orthopedic Implants

Biodegradable metals offer significant advantages by reducing the need for additional surgeries following bone fixation. These materials, with their optimal mechanical and degradable properties, also mitigate stress-shielding effects while promoting biological processes essential for healing. This study investigated the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of ZK60 magnesium alloy coated with a micro-arc oxidative layer incorporated with cerium oxide nanoparticles in orthopedic implants. The results demonstrated that the magnesium substrate undergoes gradual degradation, effectively eliminating long-term inflammation during bone formation. The micro-arc oxidative coating forms a dense ceramic layer, acting as a protective barrier that reduces corrosion rates and enhances the biocompatibility of the magnesium substrate. The incorporation of cerium oxide nanoparticles improves the tribological properties of the coating, refining degradation patterns and improving osteogenic characteristics. Furthermore, cerium oxide nanoparticles enhance bone reconstruction by facilitating appropriate interconnections between newly formed bone and native bone tissue. Consequently, cerium oxide nanoparticles contribute to favorable biosafety outcomes and exceptional bone remodeling capabilities by supporting bone healing and sustaining a prolonged degradation process, ultimately achieving dynamic equilibrium in bone tissue formation. Statement of SignificanceThis study comprehensively examined the incorporation of ceria nanoparticles into biodegradable magnesium through a micro-arc oxidative process for use in orthopedic implants. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis involving material characterization, biodegradability testing, in vitro osteogenesis assays, and in vivo implantation, highlighting the potential benefits of the distinctive properties of ceria nanoparticles. This research emphasizes the ability of ceria nanoparticles to enhance the biodegradability of magnesium and facilitate remarkable bone regeneration, suggesting promising advantages for additive materials in orthopedic implants.

Fabrication of Cerium Oxide-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite using Ultrasound-Assisted Precipitation Method

<p class="Abstract">The cerium oxide-graphene oxide nanocomposite was fabricated by ultrasound-assisted precipitation method and characterized using Fourier transform infrared, UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, and transmission electron microscope. The Fourier transform infrared spectra displayed the vibrations of O-H, C=C, and C-H indicating the interaction between cerium oxide and graphene oxide. The broad absorption of around 300 nm is ascribed to the superposition of cerium oxide and graphene oxide absorption peaks. X-ray diffraction pattern analysis suggests the creation of graphene oxide nanosheets with an interlayer spacing of 0.821 nm. The transmission electron microscope image showed that the cerium oxide nanoparticles dispersed on the graphene oxide nanosheet. These findings exhibit the useful ultrasound-assisted precipitation method for fabricating cerium oxide-graphene oxide nanocomposite.</p>

Synthesis and characterization of CeO2 nanoparticles using Plectranthus barbatus leaf extract and its CO gas sensing and antimicrobial activity

In this study, we synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) using Plectranthus barbatus leaf extract. Characterization via X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and UV–visible spectroscopy revealed a bandgap of 2.98 eV. XRD confirmed their crystalline nature, while HRTEM showed cubic fluorite structures with an average particle size of 11.23 nm. The CeO2 NPs exhibited antibacterial properties against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and high sensitivity to carbon monoxide (CO) at 100 °C, especially at low concentrations. This research highlights the low environmental impact and potential applications of CeO2 NPs in gas sensing and antibacterial contexts.

Remediation of mixed dyes and chromium (VI) in textile effluent using chemically synthesized Cerium Oxide nanoparticle

Remediation of mixed dyes and chromium (VI) in textile effluent using chemically synthesized Cerium Oxide nanoparticle

Physicochemical properties and biological activity of novel cerium oxide nanoparticles modified with pyrroloquinoline quinone

Physicochemical properties and biological activity of novel cerium oxide nanoparticles modified with pyrroloquinoline quinone

Anticancer Activity of Green Synthesized Manganese Doped Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Using Acacia Concinna Fruit Extract

AbstractPure CeO2 and Ce1‐xMnxO2, where x = 0, 2, 4 and 6% w/w, were synthesized by sol‐gel method using Acacia Concinna fruit extract as a surfactant and stabilizing agent. The synthesized particles were subjected to various characterization techniques, including XRD, HRTEM, FESEM, FTIR, Raman and UV‐Visible spectroscopy. The XRD pattern of the samples demonstrated single phase of CeO2, with cubic fluorite type structure and crystallite size of 6–7 nm. The morphology of the nanoparticles (NPs) was analyzed by FESEM and HRTEM which illustrated an aggregate of irregular spherical nanoparticles and the average particle size is around 18 nm. Raman spectroscopy validated the phase purity and indicated about the structural defects caused by the dopants. The bandgap energy of CeO2 NPs is calculated to be 3.00 eV from the Tauc plot of UV‐Visible spectroscopy, which gradually decreased to 2.43 eV with increase in manganese doping. Cytotoxicity studies signified the role of Mn‐doped CeO2 NPs as a potential nanotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment. The cell viability assay showed that 200 µg/mL of 6% Mn‐doped CeO2 nanoparticles exhibited remarkable cytotoxic effect by inhibiting 50% of cancer cells both in breast and colon cancer cell lines without affecting the healthy cell lines.

Morphophysiological, biochemical, and nutrient response of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) by foliar CeO2 nanoparticles under elevated CO2

Nanomaterials offer considerable benefits in improving plant growth and nutritional status owing to their inherent stability, and efficiency in essential nutrient absorption and delivery. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) at optimum concentration could significantly influence plant morpho-physiology and nutritional status. However, it remains unclear how elevated CO2 and CeO2 NPs interactively affect plant growth and quality. Accordingly, the ultimate goal was to reveal whether CeO2 NPs could alter the impact of elevated CO2 on the nutrient composition of spinach. For this purpose, spinach plant morpho-physiological, biochemical traits, and nutritional contents were evaluated. Spinach was exposed to different foliar concentrations of CeO2 NPs (0, 25, 50, 100 mg/L) in open-top chambers (400 and 600 CO2 μmol/mol). Results showed that elevated CO2 enhanced spinach growth by increasing photosynthetic pigments, as evidenced by a higher photosynthetic rate (Pn). However, the maximum growth and photosynthetic pigments were observed at the highest concentration of CeO2 NPs (100 mg/L) under elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 resulted in a decreased stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (Tr), whereas CeO2 NPs enhanced these parameters. No significant changes were observed in any of the measured biochemical parameters due to increased levels of CO2. However, an increase in antioxidant enzymes, particularly in catalase (CAT; 14.37%) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX; 10.66%) activities, was observed in high CeO2 NPs (100 mg/L) treatment under elevated CO2 levels. Regarding plant nutrient content, elevated CO2 significantly decreases spinach roots and leaves macro and micronutrients as compared to ambient CO2 levels. CeO2 NPs, in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest increase observed in 100 mg/L CeO2 NPs treatment and increased roots and shoots magnesium (211.62–215.49%), iron (256.68–322.77%), zinc (225.89–181.49%), copper (21.99–138.09%), potassium (121.46–138.89%), calcium (118.22–91.32%), manganese (133.15–195.02%) under elevated CO2. Overall, CeO2 NPs improved spinach growth and biomass and reverted the adverse effects of elevated CO2 on its nutritional quality. These findings indicated that CeO2 NPs could be used as an effective approach to increase vegetable growth and nutritional values to ensure food security under future climatic conditions.

Facile fabrication of redox nanoparticles loaded with exosomal-miRNAs and resveratrol as glycation inhibitor in alleviating the progression and development of diabetic cataract.

Diabetic cataract (DC) represents a highly prevalent ocular manifestation resulting from diabetes often culminating in vision impairment among individuals with diabetes. Regrettably, the armamentarium of pharmaceutical interventions capable of both delaying and thwarting the onset of DC remains conspicuously sparse. Based on contemporary investigations, the pathogenesis of DC is prominently influenced by oxidative harm to the crystalline lens and the nonenzymatic glycosylation of lens proteins. Consequently, we have developed self-regenerating cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs), enveloped with resveratrol (RSV) and exosomal-microRNA (miRNA) to alleviate the effects of DC in an in vitro model. Moreover, the inclusion of RSV within CeO2 NPs serves a dual purpose. It can act as an antioxidant, minimizing glycation, and induce oxidative stress by effectively neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, it serves as a glycation inhibitor effectively preventing the cross-linking. Consequently, it helps minimize the glucose level in hemoglobin and inhibits the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Likewise, the CeO2-exosomal-miRNA when treated alone found to slightly impede the viability of human lens epithelial cells (HLEC) and induce apoptosis by suppressing the expression of α-crystalline gene (CRYAA). Particularly, miRNAs target genes associated with oxidative stress pathways, protein glycation, and the generation of AGEs, hence preventing structural damage to lens proteins. Compared with CeO2, RSV-CeO2, and miRNA-RSV-CeO2, the presence of miRNA-RSV-CeO2 led to a significant decrease in hemoglobin glycation. Remarkably, miRNA-RSV-CeO2 NPs attenuate the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (CD) with a relative value of 14.63 and 11.37nmol/mg. As per the report, this method presents a promising opportunity to implement the proposed material combination for attenuating diabetic cataracts.

In Situ Crystallized Ceria-Vesicle Nanohybrid Therapeutic for Effective Treatment of Inflammatory Intraocular Disease.

Posterior uveitis is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness globally due to its detrimental effects on the choroid and retina. The condition is worsened by oxidative stress, which heightens inflammation and perpetuates a cycle of damage that current treatments only temporarily relieve. To address this, a novel treatment involving the in situ crystallization of ultrasmall cerium oxide nanoparticles (≈3nm) on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) extracellular vesicles (EVs) for the management of primed mycobacterial uveitis (PMU) is developed. This nanohybrid leverages the individual and synergistic effects of its components for a comprehensive therapeutic approach. The cerium oxide nanoparticles act as a nanozyme to reduce inflammation and scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), while the MSC EVs, with their biocompatibility, modulate inflammatory cell infiltration and alleviate tissue damage. This synergistic system offers a promising new treatment strategy for ocular diseases characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation.

Enhancing Flame Retardancy in Epoxy Resin with Clever Self-Assembly Method for Optimizing Interface Interaction via Well-Dispersed Cerium Oxide on Piperazine Pyrophosphate

Developing flame-retardant epoxy resins (EPs) is essential to broaden their industrial applications, as their inherent flammability restricts their widespread use. In this study, commercial cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were modified with oleic acid and successfully assembled onto the surface of pyrophosphate piperazine (PAPP) through a simple solvophobic effect, constructing an integrated superstructure flame retardant, CeO2@PAPP, with enhanced performance integration. Compared to traditional simple blends, the EP composite with 10 wt% CeO2@PAPP displayed superior flame retardancy, thanks to the more subtle synergistic effects between flame retardant components and their favorable interface interactions. The EP composite achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating and increased the limiting oxygen index (LOI) to 34.2%. Significant reductions of 56.3% in peak heat release rate (PHRR) and 38.2% in total heat release (THR) were observed. Furthermore, total smoke release (TSR), carbon monoxide yield (COPR), and carbon dioxide yield (CO2PR) decreased by 52.2%, 50.2%, and 67.3%, respectively. Through comprehensive and detailed characterization, it was discovered that the assembled integrated CeO2@PAPP flame retardant can perform better in both the gas phase and condensed phase, resulting in superior flame-retardant properties. This study offers an effective strategy for developing highly flame-retardant EPs, thereby expanding their potential applications across various industries.