Abstract

In this study, we synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) using Plectranthus barbatus leaf extract. Characterization via X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and UV–visible spectroscopy revealed a bandgap of 2.98 eV. XRD confirmed their crystalline nature, while HRTEM showed cubic fluorite structures with an average particle size of 11.23 nm. The CeO2 NPs exhibited antibacterial properties against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and high sensitivity to carbon monoxide (CO) at 100 °C, especially at low concentrations. This research highlights the low environmental impact and potential applications of CeO2 NPs in gas sensing and antibacterial contexts.

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