Central State Historical Archive Research Articles

The First Case Against a Ukrainian Party (From the History of the National Movement in the Imperial Era)

The article analyzes the materials of the case “On the Ukrainian Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries,” opened in 1901 by the Poltava Provincial Gendarmerie. The incorrect name of the organization aside, it was indeed the first case of its kind, in that its participants and key episodes were associated with a Ukrainian political party (the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party, RUP). The case of 1901 has never been a subject of special academic attention. Only some of its aspects found reflection in a broader 1928 work by A. Duchynsky. It is not represented in modern studies on the operations of tsarist law enforcement agencies against Ukrainian parties. This article is based mainly on archival documents from the Poltava Provincial Gendarmerie collection (Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, Kyiv, f. 320), additionally drawing on published imperial laws and regulations. The materials obtained are verified through the latest scholarship on the history of the Ukrainian national movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The 1901 case conforms to the patterns in the work of imperial law enforcement that can be seen as characteristic for that period: better results in the initial, simplest stages (the tracing of connections, searches, arrests) and rather helpless, ineffective performance in investigation and interrogation. Furthermore, the case demonstrates the unpreparedness of the political police in the face of the intensification and radicalization of the national movement and its complete incompetence in the matter of Ukrainian organizations, their structure, personnel, ideology, etc. On the other hand, the case materials show that Ukrainian activists, despite the young age and inexperience of most of them, showed confidence and courage in confronting the tsarist gendarmes. Due to this, the investigation failed not only to obtain any significant information about the RUP, but even to establish the fact of its existence, which gave the party the opportunity to develop further and soon play a prominent role in the peasant uprising of 1902 in the Poltava and Kharkiv regions.

On the question of the arrangement of the Baturyn Brick Production Complex of the second half of the eighteenth century (based on fund materials № 51 of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, Kyiv)

On the question of the arrangement of the Baturyn Brick Production Complex of the second half of the eighteenth century (based on fund materials № 51 of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, Kyiv)

Благотворительность немцев в Санкт-Петербурге: вклад пастора А. Мазинга в создание и организацию деятельности «Евангелического дома трудолюбия»

The role of the “Evangelical house of diligenceˮ in the religious space of St. Petersburg is considered. The tradition of creating “Houses of diligenceˮ originated in St. Petersburg in the 19th century and began to revive again in the city on the Neva River at the beginning of the 21st century. At present time a few “Houses of diligenceˮ operate as rehabilitation centers for children and adults with disabilities engaging them in various workshops and other labour activities. It is obvious that the possibility of providing unemployed citizens with social assistance through the provision of temporary work, as well as assistance in their further employment, does not lose its relevance. The goal of this paper is to assess the role of “The Evangelical house of diligenceˮ in the religious space of Saint Petersburg. During the writing of this paper we used materials from the Russian Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg. For the main research we used chronological and comparative historical methods of analysis. Using the chronological analysis, we explored the sequence of formation and development of “The Evangelical house of diligenceˮ. Using comparative historical analysis, we determined the structure of that institutions, sources of his financing and the underlying mechanism of his operation. The article makes an effort to evaluate the role of pastor A. Mazing in organisation of “The Evangelical house of diligenceˮ. Management of “The Evangelical house of diligenceˮ and in addition to organising of the temporary employment to those in need of the Evangelical Lutheran faith, was providing charitable assistance to the disabled individuals. It was also involved in creations of a hospice and a shelter for alcoholics. In that “institution of labour assistance” they paid a special attention to the concerns for morality of the wards in accordance with the canons of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church, therefore they prioritised the faithful of this Church dur-ing the admission. “The Evangelical house of diligenceˮ was offering its workers in need an option to live on the premises, which was a welcome offer especially during wintertime.

THE ILLICIT TRADE IN KYIV PROVINCE AT THE HALF PAST OF THE ХІХ CENTURY

Summary. The purpose of the article is to publish and analyze of literature and archival sources to identify components of the problem of illicit trade in the Kyiv Province in the first half of the 19th century. Research methodology – the principles of objectivity, scientificity, historicism, comparative method, methods of internal criticism of sources. The scientific novelty is that it is for the first time that the information from the framework of sources presented in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv, the State Archive of Kyiv Oblast and its analysis is introduced in scientific circulation. Conclusions. The research of archival sources allowed to deepen the picture of relations between the state, government officials, business representatives in the field of trade, in particular, illicit trade. It has been discovered that illicit trade was caused primarily by the desire for personal enrichment and by external tariffs of the Russian Empire, which contained a wide range of goods prohibited for import into the country. Strict regulation of external trade encouraged merchants and all persons involved in transactions with contractors of other countries to seek means and mechanisms for transportation and sale of demanded goods. It has been found that people with foreign connections were involved in the illicit trade. Although, there were cases when illicit goods were traded by merchants and burghers of the interior provinces who acted only as intermediaries. Civil servants, whose actions were coordinated by the Kyiv governor himself, were involved in fight against the schemes by which prohibited and uncustomed goods entered the market. The cases in the activities of government officials were revealed when officials were negligent in their duties. Under certain conditions, customs officers used their official position for personal enrichment. The abuse of customs officers (zollners) testified risks of the border service and at the same time showed the extent of illicit enrichment. The consequences of the fight against illicit trade were the return of money to the treasury in the form of penalties (fines), one-time cases of enrichment of public supervisors abroad, taking purification oaths by smugglers in the presence of clergy.

The Nutrition of the Kyiv Theological Academy Students (1819–1869)

The article depicts the peculiarities of Kyiv Theological Academy students’ nutrition in the years of 1834–1863. The investigation uses documents from the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv. These are mainly monthly and annual economic reports which inform about the filling of the student’s menu during the year and logs of behavior, where the inspector recorded deviations from the rules by students. Archival documents help to illuminate aspects connected to the nutrition of students of Kyiv Theological Academy. The ego-documents of graduates, notes, instructions of rectors, economists, and inspectors of the educational institution are extremely important.Attention is paid to regulatory requirements on food that are in the “Statut” of the theological academies. The Nutrition of students in Kyiv Theological Academy depended on many aspects and did not remain stable during 1819–1869. The students could diversify their diet at their own expense. The student menu was considered, and an attempt was made to analyze the changes that occurred with the filling of the student menu during these years. Also the paper describes how the diet changed depending on the period of the liturgical year. The traditions of informal students’ meetings and the use of prohibited (alcohol) and permitted (tea) drinks by the students are considered.Special attention is paid to the question of the diet and nutrition value of products for students. Сalculations are approximate, but there are reasons to conclude that the food energy value was enough for the students’ nutrition in the Academy at least on ferias.

Историк права Мстислав Вячеславович Шахматов

The article is dedicated to the life and work of Historian of Law Mstislav V. Shakhmatov (1888 to 1943). Shakhmatov was mostly engaged in history of legal and political doctrines of the period before Peter the Great. His concept of the ‘state of truth’ in Ancient Rus is especially famous. However, his biography remains absolutely unknown. The article restores previously unknown peculiarities of the Shakhmatov’s studies at the Saint Petersburg University and his further work in state authorities during the prerevolutionary period, his life in exile in Czechoslovakia: teaching at the Russian Law Faculty in Prague, articles and monograph preparation, thesis defense. The sources of the article are for the most part nonpublished files from the archives of Russia (the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Historical Archive, the Saint Petersburg Central State Historical Archive), Germany, Slovenia, Czechia.

Resources Concerning the History of Polish Jews in Castle Court Records of the 17th and 18th Centuries in the Central State Historical Archives in Kyiv and Lviv

The article presents types of sources which have thus far not been used, castle court books kept in the archives of the Ukrainian cities of Lviv and Kyiv. The author emphasizes the importance of these sources for research on the history and culture of Polish Jews in the 17th and 18th centuries. He also specifies the types of documents related to Jewish issues authenticated in these books (e.g. manifestations and lawsuits, declarations of the Radom Tribunal), as well as current source publications and internet databases containing selected documents from Ukrainian archives.

«Представить список русских православных церквей за границею и священнослужителей при оных…» по материалам Петербургских архивов

The article is based on documents from the Russian State Historical Archive and the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg that have not previously been used by researchers, which contains information about the priests served in Russian Orthodox churches in Italy in the 1860-s. It was then that cities Naples, Florence and Rome were visited by the great Russian writer F.M. Dostoevsky. His travels had coincided with a profound transformation of the government of the overseas churches and updating the staff list of priests. When choosing priests for ministry outside Russia special attention was paid to their education. Today there is no documentary evidence of personal communication between the writer and the clergy, but to analyze the situation and activities of Russian Orthodox churches abroad seems appropriate, because Dostoevsky's interest in all events that took place in Italy was great throughout his life.

Источниковедческий потенциал фондов родильных домов и отделений в дореволюционной России. Вторая половина XVIII – начало ХХ века

The study is devoted to the analysis of archival materials of maternity hospitals and departments in Russia in the second half of the 18th – early 20th century stored in the Department for the storage of documents until 1917 of the Central State Archive of Moscow, in the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg, in the State Archive of the Yaroslavl Region, and in the State Archive of the Smolensk Region. The voluminous files of maternity wards have meager viewing lists and are rarely engaged in historical research. However, introduction into scientific use of documents from maternity wards and medical reports is important for research on social and demographic history and that of childbirth, as well as for the history of everyday life, women's and gender history. Hence springs the purpose of this study, which is to identify the source potential of the fonds of maternity hospitals and departments in pre-revolutionary Russia and information capabilities of medical reports, journals, and maternity cards. The authors have established that materials found in these fonds can be divided into several categories: acceptance cards of women in labor, clinical cards of obstetrics, patient histories. The documents recreate the picture of the development of clinical obstetrics, the daily life of women in labor in the clinic, the interaction of doctors and patients. These materials can be a valuable source for studying the representation of body culture, reproductive behavior, hygiene, sexual socialization. The analysis of archival documents concludes that while in the first decades of their existence, maternity wards ministered to the poor strata of the population in birth of illegitimate children, in the 1910s they catered women from wealthy families. An important result of the comprehensive study of archival material is the discovery of information capabilities of the fonds of pre-revolutionary maternity wards in the central and regional archives of Russia. Pregnancy cards contain extensive history, including data on the first sexual intercourse, beginning of menses, number of pregnancies, age at the time of first pregnancy, thus providing important information on the history of sexual socialization, female physicality, and reproductive culture. A meaningful analysis of these materials allows the conclusion that maternity ward journals, patient histories, midwives' reports contribute to the study of social, everyday, and gender history; and provide new information for studying the history of corporeality, childbirth, sexuality.

ТОРГІВЛЯ МАХНІВКИ В ПЕРШІЙ ПОЛОВИНІ ХІХ СТОЛІТТЯ

The relevance of the study of the history of trade in Makhnivka city in the first half of the 19th century is caused by the need to identify trends in city’s development in the era of transition from traditional to industrial society. The purpose of the article is to identify the place of trade in the social progress of the provincial city. The methodological basis for achieving the stated purpose has been the principles of historicism, scientificity, objectivity, methods of analysis of historical sources, comparative-historical method, functional method. Materials from the funds of the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in in Kyiv, the State Archives of Kyiv Region have been the source base of the study. As a result of the study of historical sources, it has been revealed that city-forming, entrepreneurial, construction initiatives of Count P. Potosky, which took place at the end of the 18th century, kept Makhnivka an industrial center until the early 1840s. It has been determined that the transfer of Makhnivka to the management by Count’s creditors led to the parcelling of the city’s industrial complex. The situation for the sale of industrial goods improved due to the intervention of the state which sometimes ordered, for example, to provide Guards Uhlans of His Highness the Crown Prince Konstantin Pavlovich regiment with stuff and clothes before the campaign against Napoleon in 1805. Trade remained a professional activity of merchants, although conducted by burghers, nobles, free people, peasants, domestics. The suppliers of the whole range of food products were the peasants of the surrounding villages, the intermediary functions were taken over by merchants and some burghers. Makhnivka became one of the cities where a new stratum of the population, for which trade became a profession, appeared – peasants who trade. The profitability of intermediation transactions decreased due to the naturalness of the city economy in the field of hospitality. For decades, city officials and burghers had appealed to the central government to pay for troop posts. The number of merchants throughout the city grew, outpacing the growth rate of the urban population.

ІСТОРИЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК МОСТОБУДІВНИЦТВА В УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ГУБЕРНІЯХ ПЕРШОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХІХ ст. (НА ПРИКЛАДІ КИЇВСЬКОЇ ГУБЕРНІЇ)

Historical literature and archival sources, which were analyzed, allowed to reveal the components of development of river transport constructions of the Kyiv province of the first half of the 19th century. Work with the corps of sources presented in Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv, State Archive of Kyiv region, State Archive of Kyiv restored the peculiarities of state agencies relations, designed to coordinate the actions of local authorities, delegates of the merchant class in the field of construction of transport facilities, in particular, river bridges. It was found that the main reasons for building bridges were the aspirations of the authorities and the entrepreneurial class to provide profits that associated with the transportation of people, the supply of goods. It was established that were involved in the construction of bridges the state, represented by the provincial government, and merchants who became contractors. There were many cases when bridges, dams and river carriages were built by the efforts of several private and starost granges farms, whose economists acted as organizers of construction and their using. Regulation of the use of river structures pushed the authorities to abolish the privileges of fee collection, the right to which nobles, landowners inherited from Polish state. Authorities granted permits to build or purchase bridges only in cases, where it did not contradict the military calculations. With the help of merchants were erected not only river structures, but entrepreneurs were involved in the construction of roads leading to bridges. There were cases where foreign engineers have been involved in the design and construction of stone bridges. Contemporaries insisted on the low quality of erected transport structures (wooden dams, bridges) on small rivers of the Kyiv province by the efforts of peasants involved in the zemstvo duty. The consequences of this state of river transport facilities for trade were difficult to transporting people and goods each spring and autumn rainy season.

Акционерное общество А. Ханжонкова и его конкуренты в России

The article is based on the archival files of joint-stock companies in the film industry, stored in the fonds of the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA), the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI), and the Central State Historical Archive of St Petersburg (TsGIA SPb) as well as statistics digests Joint-Stock Companies of Russia (1912–1917) and scientific literature and focuses on the analysis of the activities of A. Khanzhonkov and Co Joint-Stock Company and its competitors in the film industry at the beginning of the twentieth century. A. Khanzhonkov’s joint-stock company, which gradually developed from a small trade and commission business that supplied the Russian market with films and equipment produced mainly by European, became a leader in the Russian pre-revolutionary film market. The company steadily made a profit, increased its fixed and reserve capital, and also paid dividends to shareholders annually. The author came to the conclusion that it is A. Khanzhonkov and Co Joint-Stock Company that was most successful and effective in the field of production and distribution of films among Russian film companies firms and was a real competitor to the branches of leading foreign companies in Russian film business, such as Gaumont and Pathé Brothers. However, the company was unable to fully exploit the opportunities which emerged after the outbreak of the First World War due to the withdrawal of a number of branches of leading foreign companies from the film market. By keeping his firm in the form of a joint-stock company, A. Khanzhonkov actually hindered its development himself by not issuing shares for free sale on the stock exchange. Therefore, the company constantly suffered a lack of investment. This was especially evident after the February Revolution of 1917, when new companies entered the film business, which significantly increased competition in the film market. The attempt to transfer the company’s activities to the Crimea in connection with the construction of a new Yalta film studio was not successful, primarily due to the deterioration of the overall political and economic situation in the country.

В. В. Бедин во главе Центрального государственного исторического архива СССР в Ленинграде. 1945-1952, 1954-1964 гг.

The article is to highlight the little-known pages in the history of the Russian State Historical Archive, one of the largest archives in Russia. Its story is an integral part of the history of archiving in Russia. The article is to show the role of an individual in the history of Russian archiving in a case-study of the activities of one of its most effective managers. His life is largely characteristic of the generation of archival leaders of the 1940s–60s, while his personal characteristics are unique. The article is based on genuine archival materials preserved in the so-called “Archive of the archive” and also on the memoirs of his contemporaries. It is devoted to the biography of Vasily Vasilyevich Bedin, the longtime head of the Central State Historical Archive in Leningrad (now the Russian State Historical Archive). V. V. Bedin was appointed head of the archive at a difficult time. During the war and in the siege of Leningrad, the archive was headed by temporary leaders who replaced one another and did not always cope well with the responsibilities assigned to them. V. V. Bedin became the fifth head of the archive since 1941. Descent from the Novgorod gubernia peasants, a Red Army soldier during the Civil War, a political instructor, he became a party functionary, studied at the Institute of Red Professors. In 1937, he was appointed head of the Propaganda and Agitation Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Belarus, and in 1939 became director of the Leningrad branch of the Museum of V. I. Lenin. On December 22, 1945, he was appointed head of the Central State Historical Archive in Leningrad. In this position, he did a lot to eliminate the consequences of the war and to put the archive in order; he strove to improve the situation of the archive’s staff. In a difficult political environment of the late 1940s - early 1950s he showed high integrity and much decency. This was the reason for his dismissal in 1952. But with the beginning of the “thaw,” V. V. Bedin was re-appointed head of the archive on July 3, 1954. Under his leadership, the archive became a truly scientific institution. V. V. Bedin created a businesslike atmosphere in the archive, allowing its staff of to show initiative and boldly discuss the fundamental issues of the archival administration development. He did a lot to improve the storage of archival documents. V. V. Bedin initiated the archive’s transition to a more functional structure. He remained in the memory of the Leningrad archivists as an effective and principled, demanding and caring leader.

АРХІВНІ ДОКУМЕНТИ ПРО СОЦІАЛЬНИЙ АНТАГОНІЗМ У ПРАВОБЕРЕЖНІЙ УКРАЇНІ ХІХ СТ.

The article highlights the specifics of the Right Bank of Ukraine and notes that it is in the XIX century was a polyethnic region, which, having its own history, was characterized by ethnic, religious, socio-economic, administrative features and even had its own legislation. Throughout this period, the right-bank Ukrainian lands remained a field of sharp political and social confrontation. Describing the situation on the Right Bank of Ukraine, the authors of the article argue that since joining the Russian Empire, the tsarist government has not taken into account all the features of this territory. He did not pay attention to the Ukrainian people, but saw here only the Polish nobility, which he tried to persuade to his side by various concessions. At the same time, the majority of the population of the Right Bank were Ukrainians, almost all of whom were peasants. At the beginning of the XIX century. There were about 3 million such peasants. Land real estate on the Right Bank of Ukraine was owned by a small number of Polish magnates. It is concluded that after the suppression of the Polish uprising of 1830-1831, an active policy of Russification began. Right-bank Ukraine has become a field of sharp political and social confrontation. This is confirmed by archival sources, first of all, the office documents of the Chancellery of the Governor-General of Kyiv, Podil and Volyn, which are preserved in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv. The authors of the article emphasize that in the second half of the XIX century. the issue of reducing Polish land ownership on the Right Bank of Ukraine was very important in the activities of the local administration. The large number of laws and regulations contained in the collections of legislative acts, the numerous correspondence between local authorities and the center, which is stored in the archives, testify to its special relevance.

Первая мировая война и переустройство Петроградского железнодорожного узла. 1914-1918 гг.

The study of the Russian railways functioning in the days of the First World War is one of most important topics for understanding Russian economy problems on the eve of the Russian revolution, as well as for comprehending the 1917 revolution itself. The transport crisis, which in 1915 already became a manifestation of the governance problems, was obviously one of the components of the revolutionary situation that had developed in the Russian Empire by 1917. Identifying government capabilities for preventing crisis is one of relevant tasks for studying the history of Russia during the First World War. A key aspect thereof is consideration of the transport situation in the capital — Petrograd. The expansion of source base for this topic is the main goal of the author. The article analyzes the text of the explanatory note to the general scheme for the development and reorganization of the Petrograd railway junction, drafted in the Administration of the Nikolaevskaya railway by engineers S.I.Kulzhinsky and A.A. Glavatsky (late 1915). This document shows that Russian engineers were well aware of the transport problems in the Russian capital and proposed solutions that could have helped to avoid food crises, such as the one that arose in February 1917. Moreover, the plan was to take into account planned cargo turnover up to 1930 and difficulties that were to emerge in the future (for example, connecting the railway network to the city metro). After its approval by the Special Council on Transportation, in March 1916 loans were allocated for the work. But it was too late: the revolution and the ensuing Civil War prevented the implementation of the project. In 1919, construction works finally stopped and constructed sections were dismantled. Some of the recommendations were implemented in the 20th century, but a significant part of the proposals remained on paper. However, many proposals remain relevant today for improving the transport system in St. Petersburg. For instance, the main theses of the plan may prove useful for the development of plans for linking St. Petersburg to the high-speed highway Moscow—St. Petersburg. The study has drawn on materials from the Russian State Historical Archive and from the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg.

Директор Белгородского учительского института Дьяконов Петр Александрович – педагог, историк и общественный деятель Курской, Тамбовской и Харьковской губерний

Reconstruction of the biography is a form of historical analysis. Based on the tools of the historical and biographical method, an attempt is made to restore the biography of the historian, teacher, public figure and director of the Belgorod Teachers Institute from 1913 to 1918 – Petr Alexandrovich Dyakonov (1857 – after 1918). Based on the results of research work with published statistical and reference-legal and unpublished historical sources from the funds of the Russian State Historical Archive, State Archive of the Russian Federation, Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg, State Archive of the Belgorod Region, scientific biography and main stages of professional development of P.A. Dyakonov are reconstructed. Data are restored and his activity in educational and public institutions is analyzed: Tambov Governorate, work in a position of the ruler of Affairs of the Tambov Scientific Archive Commission, Volchansk Teacher Seminary of the Kharkiv Governorate, Directorate of Public Schools of the Don Army Region and Tambov Governorate and Belgorod Teacher Institute of the Kursk Governorate is considered in detail. We analyze the activity of the Belgorod Teachers Institute in the pre-revolutionary years. The list of teachers of the Teachers Institute in Belgorod for 1916 is restored. According to the re-sults of research activities with the funds of the Belgorod State Museum of Local History, a por-trait image of P.A. Dyakonov is identified.

The 1737 Documents of the Mhar Monastery about the Distinguished Alumni of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy

This research is a commented edition of the three documents describing history of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy in the first half of the 18th century. They have been preserved at the Central State Historical Archive in Kyiv, the fund of the Mhar Monastery, and were dated by 1737. The aforementioned sources are still absent in the academic discourse. Accompanying analysis of the documents depicts unknown aspects of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy alumni’ biographies.Manuscript received 25.01.2020

Российский период в жизни и деятельности Сергея Ивановича Метальникова

Статья посвящена российскому периоду биографии Сергея Ивановича Метальникова, выдающегося ученого – зоолога, протистолога, микробиолога, иммунолога и философа. На основании архивных и опубликованных документов с использованием классических теоретических методов исторического исследования подробно восстановлены основные события его жизни (вплоть до момента эмиграции во Францию): детство, университетские годы, создание семьи, формирование научных интересов, начало работы в науке и постепенная адаптация в научном социуме, зарубежные командировки и стажировки, становление как исследователя и крупного деятеля науки и образования. Особое внимание уделено деятельности ученого на Высших женских (Бестужевских) курсах. Показано, что исследуемый период в жизни С. И. Метальникова был весьма успешным с точки зрения его научной карьеры, однако обстоятельства и последовательные политические взгляды вынудили его в конце концов покинуть страну. The article is devoted to the Russian period of the biography of Sergei Ivanovich Metalnikov, an outstanding Russian scientist, who emigrated to France after the revolution. He was a zoologist, protistologist, microbiologist, immunologist and philosopher. The personality of the scientist is interesting both for biologists and for historians of science and technology, as well as for the history of Russian scientific emigration. His life was also connected with the South of Russia: his family owned the Artek estate in Crimea, and he is deservedly considered to be one of the founders of Taurida University. The aim of the current article is to reconstruct the main events of his life, first of all those that formed his personality as a scientist, starting from childhood and continuing with the university years and the first independent steps in science, those related to his activities in the field of science and education. The article is based on archival and published documents, the main events of his life until the moment of emigration to France are reconstructed in details using classical theoretical methods of historical research. Among archival documents, his two autobiographies from the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Manuscripts Department of the Institute of Russian Literature should be mentioned. Besides them, the article is based on other documents from the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg, the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences and its Saint Petersburg branch, the Manuscripts Department of the National Library of Russia. The article covers in detail his childhood, family, university years, the formation of scientific interests, the beginning of his work in science and adaptation in the scientific community, foreign trips and trainee ship, his formation as a scientist from a junior researcher to a prominent person in science and education. Particular attention in the article is devoted to Metalnikov’s activities at the Higher Women’s (Bestuzhev) courses, which have not received an adequate coverage in the literature yet. It is shown that the relevant period in Metalnikov’s life and work can be described as a very successful career. He managed to develop from a young scientist to a professor, a prominent and respected specialist of a wide scientific range. Nevertheless, the turbulent events in the life of the country and the personal civil position of the scientist led to his desire to emigrate from Russia and work abroad, and scientific achievements became the basis for the fact that he successfully succeeded.

STATUTE OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE CARE OF POOR JEWISH CHILDREN IN KOLOMYIA (1908): HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS

The purpose of the article is to publish and analyze the Statute of the Society for the Care of Poor Jewish Children in Kolomyia (1908) as a source for the history of this Society and the legal culture of the Jewish community in the eastern cities of Eastern Galicia in the early 20th century. The research methodology – principles of scientific, objectivity, historicism, methods of external and internal critique of sources. The research novelty is that the Statute of the Society for the Care of Poor Jewish Children in Kolomyia (1908) was first published and analyzed as a historical and historical-legal source. The Conclusions. Thus, the Statute of the Society for the Care of Poor Jewish Children, which was formed in Kolomyia in 1908, is supposed to have been concluded by the Jewish lawyer H. Landau. After approval by the Governor, the Society published its Statute, which consisted of 29 articles. This document is known to researchers, but has never been published or analyzed as a historical and legal source. It is stored in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lviv. The Statute had a bifunctional purpose, as it regulated the activities of the Society and the “Okhoronka” formed by it. Articles of the Statute can be divided into three groups: 1) the purpose and material principles of the Society and the “Okhoronka”; 2) tasks, rights and responsibilities of the members of the Society and the “Okhoronka”; 3) structural-organizational and managerial aspects of activity of the Society and the “Okhoronka”. We consider the Statute to be an important historical source for the history of Jewish public organizations of charitable orientation in Eastern Galicia, the history of Kolomyia in the early 20th century, as well as the history of domestic legal thought. The document is published in the original language (Polish) in compliance with the necessary archaeographic requirements.

«Всегдашняя мечта моего мужа была о том, чтобы наши дети получили образование…»: гимназисты Люба и Федя Достоевские

Dostoevsky's main concern was to educate his children, Lyuba and Fedya. After the writer's death, this desire was realized by his widow Anna Grigoryevna. Little was known about the education of Dostoevsky’s children, primarily from memoirs (penned by Anna and Lyubov Dostoevsky, Anna Ostroumova). The article presents previously unknown documents from the Central State Historical Archive of Saint Petersburg (name books, personal statements, etc.), containing information about the education of F. M. Dostoevsky's children: Lyuba — at the Foundry Gymnasium, Fedya — at the F. F. Bychkov Gymnasium (purchased by Ya. Gurevich in 1883). Letters related to the education of Dostoevsky's children were introduced into scientific circulation: Lyuba’s and Fedya’s to their mother, teacher V. Ivanova’s to A. G. Dostoevskaya. In the course of commenting on archival documents, the author emphasizes the continuity between home education and the education of the writer and his children, and reveals the role of A. G. Dostoevskaya in fulfilling Fyodor Mikhailovich's dream: to provide them with a quality education. Home education, first and foremost, the established tradition of family reading, which the Dostoevskys always heeded great attention to, allowed Lyuba to enter the gymnasium at the age of thirteen, bypassing two primary classes, and successfully reach the second, pre-graduation, class. Her classmates were A. P. Ostroumova (Lebedeva) and N. Ya. Polonskaya (Yelachich), who later became famous figures in Russian history. The education received at the gymnasium helped the writer's daughter to prove herself in literature during the years in emigration, to become a Russian writer in Italy, to represent the legacy of Dostoevsky in Europe, and to successfully conduct educational and cultural activities in Italy. The writer’s son Fedya, who studied at the St. Petersburg F. F. Bychkov Gymnasium in 1882-1889, entered the law faculty of the St. Petersburg Imperial University in 1890, became interested in horse breeding, and in the latter years of his life paid great attention to the preservation of his father's handwritten heritage. Thus, the children of F. M. Dostoevsky fulfilled his legacy: “Do not forget to study, both of you”.