Central State Historical Archive Research Articles

O szkolnictwie zawodowym Krakowa w zasobach archiwalnych Lwowa. Stan i perspektywa badań

The paper focuses on research into vocational education in Krakow. The state of the art as well as the perspectives are presented. The main part provides a detailed analysis of the historical materials collected in Ukraine’s Central State Historical Archives in Lviv with enormous resources titled the National School Board. The achievements of the Polish sustem of education, specifically the development of vocational schools in Krakow, are presented in details based on these resources. A general overview shows the cognitive value of the specific collections (sets) in relation to one of the most important scientific and educational centres in Galicia in southern Poland.

Благотворительная деятельность мусульманского купечества Казахстана в XIX – начале XX в.

Introduction. The 19th century witnessed the emergence of a powerful Muslim merchant class in the steppe zone of Imperial Russia. Those were ethnic Tatars, Kazakhs, Sarts, Bukharans, Uighurs, and Shala Kazakhs based in Petropavlovsk and Semipalatinsk. Goals. The work aims to identify outcomes of charitable activities undertaken by Muslim merchants. Another objective is to distinguish the specifics of charity efforts and the latter’s main directions. Material and methods. The paper investigates documents housed at the Central State Archive of Kazakhstan, Historical Archive of Omsk Oblast, National Archive (former Central State Historical Archive) of Bashkortostan, Russian State Historical Archive, Archive of North Kazakhstan Region, and pre-revolutionary periodicals, reports of Muslim charitable societies, reference and encyclopedic materials. The study employs both general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special historical research methods (comparative-historical and retrospective ones). Results. The paper outlines key directions of Muslim charities in the steppe, namely: social support, enlightening and educational endeavors. Muslim merchant benefactors tended to meet not only intra-confessional needs but also nationwide ones too. And while the imperial administration did welcome the assistance from entrepreneurs in solving country-wide problems, Muslim philanthropy would still face a number of obstacles. Officials were reluctant enough to grant permits for mosque constructions, inclined to limit the functioning of madrassas and charitable organizations, banned waqfs. However, despite all the bureaucratic and administrative barriers Muslims did manage to create a coherent system of funding their needs.

German Craft Culture in Saint Petersburg: Characteristics of Development in the First Half of the 19th Century

The handicraft industry remained an integral part of the mixed economy of the Russian Empire. Foreign artisans, primarily those of German descent, played a significant role in the capital cities from the 18th century onward. Most of these craftsmen relocated to Russia in response to an invitation from the Tsarist government. Around the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, German artisans began forming professional communities (workshops) in St. Petersburg, falling under the jurisdiction of the German Craft Council. Initially, they were exempt from compulsory registration with the workshops and the payment of state and other taxes. The homogenization policy adopted by Emperor Nicholas I contributed to the formal integration of German craftsmen into the urban economy, gradually diminishing the existing disparities between them and Russian artisans.
 This research aims to examine the characteristics of life and work of German artisans in St. Petersburg during the first half of the 19th century. It places particular emphasis on the analysis of the evolution of their legal status, as well as the evaluation of their professional, demographic, and social development. Special attention is paid to the practices of both vertical and horizontal mobility.
 The foundation of this study rests on published statutes, regulations, and archival materials from the collections of the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg. Many of these materials are being introduced into scientific discourse for the first time. The article is intended for specialists studying ethnic and professional groups within the urban population of the Russian Empire.

Розробка плану евакуації міста Києва восени 1915 р.

The aim of the work, learning on the basis of the available archive documents is to analyze the key aspects of Kyiv city evacuation plan, developed in autumn 1915, to deter- mine the problems and prospects of its implementation. The research methodology is based on the principle of historicism, systematics and comprehensiveness, problem-chronological and diachronic methods. The scientifi c novelty of the publication lies in the fi rst systematic analy- ses of Kyiv city evacuation plan based of archival documents of the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Kyiv. Conclusions. Aft er the successful off ensive of the German and Austro-Hungarian troops in spring of 1915, the Russian authorities had to resort to evacuation measures. Th e threat of occupation loomed over Kyiv, which was a large behind enemy lines city at the beginning of the First World War. In autumn 1915, the authorities developed the detailed plan for the population and property evacuation which included a set of measures to mobilize existing and attract additional resources. The evacuation measures were complicated by a large number of wounded in local hospitals, thousands of refugees and front-line regions internally displaced persons who settled in the city and its surroundings, increasing traffi c disorder on the railways. Th e developed measures included fi nding out the number of people and property to be mobilized, calculating the transport resources, determining the main evacuation routes and further placement of the population, state institutions, equipment of strategically important en- terprises and educational institutions in a new place.

На місці Жовкви та її околиць: документи до історії маєтності Висоцьких–Жолкевських у Львівській землі в XV–XVI століттях (частина 2)

The objective of the work is to investigate the practice of forgery of deed documents in the early modern period using the specifi c example of the delimitation of noble estate in the Ruthenian Voivodeship. The scientifi c novelty of the research consists in the introduction into scientifi c circulation of a forgery, which allegedly set the boundaries of the estate of Andrzej Wysocki on the northwestern borderlands of the Lviv land with the Yavoriv starosty (1531; in fact, the demarcation was carried out a year earlier), as well as the report of survey of auditors of the boundaries of the village of Turynka with the settlements of the Lviv starosty (1570), which makes it possible to fi nd out the reasons for the falsifi cation of the fi rst document. Both acts were discovered in the form of copies in the books of the Lviv castle court. They are kept in the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Lviv. The research methodology is based on the principles of objectivity and historicism. The application of historical-critical and comparative methods made it possible to reveal facts of targeted amendments to the text of the fi rst document. Due to the use of the historical-geographical method, the geographical nomenclature recorded in both acts was localized. Conclusions. ПУБЛІКАЦІЯ АРХІВНИХ ДОКУМЕНТІВ 125 Based on a comparison of the text of the demarcation of 1530 in the Crown Metrics with the text of this document in the Lviv castle court acts (inscribed in 1631), it was found, that the «Lviv version» has a diff erent dating, some geographical nomenclature has been replaced and added. The analysis of the discrepancies gives reason to assert about the purposeful falsifi cation of the act with the aim to document the Vykiv Lis as belonging to the village of Turynka. In the second half of the 16th century this forest was the subject of a dispute between the Lviv starost and Stanisław Żołkiewski. This is indicated by the act of surveying the boundaries of Turynka (in the possession of the last one) with the neighboring crown villages (1570). Probably, in 1631, there was a new dispute over the Vykiv Lis. The fake «delimitation of 1531» could be a documentary justifi cation for the claims of Stanisław’s granddaughter Zofi a Daniłowiczowa (who owned Turynka) to the forest.

“Insulting His Majesty with Insolent Words” as State Crime (St. Petersburg Archives)

The article is devoted to the responsibility for the verbal insult of the Russian Emperor, which belonged to the category of state crimes. For the commission of such criminal acts, according to Russian laws, responsibility was due. The documents of the two largest St. Petersburg archives: the Russian State Historical Archive and the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg are analyzed in the article. The evolution of the concept of “insulting His Majesty” as a type of crime in Russian legislation is studied. The application of legal norms in the practical activities of Russian courts is considered. It is concluded that the Russian authorities paid great attention to this type of state crime. The degree of responsibility for its commission was very severe — up to a reference to hard labor. This was partly due to the sacralization of the person of the monarch, and therefore it was believed that the criminals encroached not only on him, but also on the very foundations of the state system. “Insulting His Majesty” remained one of the most common types of state crimes in the Russian Empire in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

ГОЛОДОМОР 1932-1933 РР. В УКРАЇНІ (ЗА ДОКУМЕНТАМИ АРХІВУ СКОРОПАДСЬКИХ В ЦДІАК УКРАЇНИ)

The article analyzes an unknown body of documents on the history of the Holodomor in Ukraine in 1932-1933, preserved in the Skoropadskyi Fund - the archive of the family of the last hetman of Ukraine, Pavlo Skoropadskyi. For a long time, this archive was kept in the private property of P. Skoropadsky's daughter YElizaveta Skoropadska, and later in the East European Institute named after V. Lipinsky in Philadelphia (USA). In 2006, the archive was sent to the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine (Kyiv), where it was at the stage of scientific and technical development and became available to researchers only at the end of 2022. Documents on the history of the Holodomor were deposited in the fund thanks to YE. Skoropadska, who from 1933 headed the Committee for Aid to the Starving in Ukraine, which provided material aid to the victims of the famine in Ukraine, conducted organizational work to collect funds for the starving, and disseminated information about this famine in the world. The archive of E. Skoropadska includes hundreds of documents with a total volume of more than 6,300 sheets. This is the largest archive of documents about the Holodomor of 1932-1933 in Ukraine and the world. It contains letters from witnesses of the Holodomor, testimonies of various people, articles, clippings from newspapers and magazines, etc. The article concludes that the analyzed documents indisputably prove the artificial nature of the famine of 1932-1933, which was planned and carried out by the communist regime of the USSR and became a terrible crime against the Ukrainian people. During the Holodomor in Ukraine and the Kuban, where mostly representatives of the Ukrainian ethnic group lived, whole villages died and millions of people died. The collection of archival documents by YE. Skoropadska about the Holodomor of 1932-1933 in Ukraine is unique for Ukrainian historical science. These materials are the most complete, integral and voluminous body of documents collected "on hot tracks", which have no analogues in Ukraine and the world.

Архивные документы Всероссийского попечительства об охране материнства и младенчества как источник по изучению социальной политики в 1910-е-1918 гг.

The relevance of the study springs from searching for an optimal model of family policy in modern Russia. Research of history of family policy focuses on social transformations in the Soviet period. Contribution of social experiments of the early 20th century is underestimated. New archival documents are rarely involved. The article is to assess the archival potential of fonds and documents of the All-Russian Guardianship of the Maternity and Infancy Protection for studying social family policy and creation of a new system of social assistance in the field of maternity and childhood protection in the 1910s. The key methodological concepts are approaches of social history of medicine, which permit to consider the impact of development of the institute of medicine on social and everyday spheres of life. The main method is content analysis of archival documents and fond series, containing materials on the activities of the Guardianship. The authors have worked with fonds of the Russian State Historical Archive (fond 767), the State Archive of the Russian Federation (fond 1795), the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg (fonds 19, 255, 469). The study of the Guardianship documents has shown that main directions of social policy in the field of maternity and childhood protection were laid down in 1914–18. In that short period, under the crisis conditions of wartime, all existing forms and practices of social policy in this area were used. The success of the Guardianship was determined by its clear organization and involvement of prominent representatives of the expert community. Archival documents have shown that the Guardianship had a fundamentally new organizational status. On the one hand, it performed functions of a ministry (coordination of activities of all organizations implementing social family policy, network of representative offices in the regions, substantial state funding, involvement of prominent statesmen). On the other hand, it had the features of a charitable institution (numerous grassroots initiatives, democratic management style, attracting private funding). The results of its work were forgotten, but the best practices proposed and tested in its active work were used by the Soviet authorities. Its legacy formed a basis for construction of the Soviet system of protection of motherhood and childhood; its results and practices were scaled nationwide and became a part of the state concept of Soviet family policy.

СОЧИНЕНИЯ ЛИЦЕИСТОВ НА СТРАНИЦАХ АЛЬМАНАХА «ОТДЫХ»

The introductory note to the publication contains the description of a literary almanac Otdykh (“Leisure”), the only known copy of which is now kept in the National Library of Russia (Saint-Petersburg), a brief overview of its contents (all written by pupils of the Imperial Alexander Lyceum) and brief biographical information about the “editor-publisher” who signed as “N. Pushkin”. Its dating (the almanac was composed in the end of the 1886th — the beginning of the 1887th) is based on information found in one of the articles. Having included N. Pushkin in the Predvaritel’nyy spisok russkikh pisateley i uchenykh (“Preliminary List of Russian Writers and Scholars”), Semjon Vengerov supplied the reference dedicated to him with a remark- question: “a descendant of A. S. Pushkin?” A study of the materials stored in the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg leads to a negative answer to this question. The texts in the almanac itself are of varied composition: fiction prose (short stories), lyrical poems, a note on the Lyceum theatre and an editorial Posleslovie (“Afterword”). The latter two texts contain interesting details relating to the everyday history of the Lyceum. The literary texts are imitative, which is common in children’s literature. At the same time, besides poetic (mostly romantic) stamps and “naive narrative”, the works of young authors contain some creative successes, indicating the presence of talent and the desire to develop it.

1774–1818 m. Vilniaus Bazilijonų vienuolyno spaustuvės spaustuvininkų sąrašai ir sutartys / Registers and Contracts of the Vilnius Basilian Monastery Printing house, 1774–1818

This article centers around the publication of a unique document titled ‘The Register of Hired Compositors, Pressmen, and Bookbinders’, which records the employment of 74 individuals in the printing house of the Vilnius Basilian Monastery between 1774 and 1818. In addition to lists of employees, it involves detailed contracts signed by printers itself. This document is kept in Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Lviv. The publication consists of two parts: the first one presents the preface, both in Lithuanian and in English, the second one contains the text of the document. The preface discusses the origin, structure and content of the document. The document being published is important, above all, to the history of the Basilian printing house. However, it also contains valuable information concerning the activities of all other printing houses in Vilnius in the 18th century. Keywords: printing house of the Vilnius Basilian Monastery; printers’ contracts; Ruthenian Order of Saint Basil the Great; 18th century printing press.

Слідча справа історика Олексія Маркевича і репресивні заходи проти розгортання українського національного руху в Одесі на зламі ХІХ–ХХ ст.

The purpose of the article is presentаеd in detail the facts from the life of the Odesa historian and public fi gure of the 19th century Oleksii Markevych, through the coverage of the circumstances of the scientist’s life. In particular, the events related to the criminal prosecution for the attempt to smuggle illegal literature show how such repressive measures hampered the development of the Ukrainian movement in Odesa. This research is based on sources are stored in the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Kyiv. The research methodology: the synchronous method was used, which made it possible to compare episodes of biographical history with the contexts of the formation and development of the Ukrainian movement; thanks to the comparative method, it was shown how the defeat of the Ukrainian movement in the 1870s negatively aff ected the socio-political processes in Odessa in the 1890s, and the circumstances in which scientists had to work are compared – between the liberalization of public life in the Habsburg Empire, where the free publication of books including literature in the Ukrainian language was allowed, and the strengthening of the repressive actions in the Russian Empire, where such literature was considered prohibited. Scientifi c novelty: the documents stored in the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Kyiv about the prosecution of O. Markevych for attempting to transport literature prohibited by the censorship authorities have signifi cant scientifi c value. In the investigative and pre-trial materials of the case, there is a lot of biographical data, both collected during the proceedings by gendarmerie offi cials, and given personally by the scientist during the testimony. Documents contain important information from diff erent periods of the O. Markevych life and give an opportunity to see the social and political background in which he lived. The analysis of documents stored in the funds of the Gendarmerie Department of Odesa and the Prosecutor of the Odesa Judicial Chamber also shows the cultural life of Odesa and the social life of university circles of that time, through the prism of the historian biography. Correspondence with M. Hrushevsky is an important evidence of connections not only between the scientists themselves, but also between various centres of the Ukrainian movement. Conclusions: the information presented in the article complements our knowledge about the social and scientifi c activities of O. Markevych as a prominent representative of the Odesa community in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The information presented in the article is of great importance for the study of the history of Odessa University and the scientists who worked there. In a broader context, the article shows the state of development of the Ukrainian movement in Odesa at the end of the 19th century, the role and place of this center for formulating the political tasks of the movement, and through the personal connections of Professor O. Markevich – the connection with representatives of the Ukrainian movement in Chernihiv, Kyiv and Galicia.

АРХІТЕКТУРА БУДІВЕЛЬ ЛЬВІВСЬКОЇ ПОЛІТЕХНІКИ У ПЕРШИЙ ПЕРІОД ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ДО 1877 Р.: АДАПТАЦІЯ КАМ’ЯНИЦЬ ТА НОВІ ПРОЄКТИ У ЦЕНТРІ МІСТА

АРХІТЕКТУРА БУДІВЕЛЬ ЛЬВІВСЬКОЇ ПОЛІТЕХНІКИ У ПЕРШИЙ ПЕРІОД ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ДО 1877 Р.: АДАПТАЦІЯ КАМ’ЯНИЦЬ ТА НОВІ ПРОЄКТИ У ЦЕНТРІ МІСТА

Public Life of Poles Through the Prism of Surveillance by Repressive Structures of the South-Western Region of the Russian Empire on the Eve of the First World War

This paper, based on documents from the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine (Kyiv), highlights the specifics of the social life of Poles in the South-Western region of the Russian Empire on the eve of the First World War. The author studied the official correspondence of the General Staff of the Russian Empire and the Staff of the Kyiv Military District, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and provincial gendarme departments of the South-Western Region, secret documents of the Kyiv Security Office, the Office of the Kyiv, Podillya and Volyn Governor-General, and so on. These documents illustrate the focus of the Russian imperial authorities on gathering information about the political situation and public sentiment in Austria-Hungary, and above all in Galicia. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, against the backdrop of an intensified interstate confrontation between Austria-Hungary and Russia, a competition of state building models became more active. In the early 20th century, the idea of federalism was strengthened in Austria-Hungary with the aim of internal political stabilisation and a broad guarantee of the Slavonic peoples' rights. And it was no accident that guard and punitive authorities of the Russian Empire focused their attention on intelligence information about the activities of the Polish Socialist Party, the creation of paramilitary organizations in Galicia, and the preparation of an anti-Russian uprising by the Poles during the expected war between Russia and Austria-Hungary. The Polish population of the South-Western region was supervised. Discriminatory measures were taken against the cultural activities of the Poles of the South-Western region aimed at raising national self-awareness and patriotism, schooling and national-cultural public organizations were suppressed, and monitoring of the Roman Catholic clergy was established. In view of the approach of the 50th anniversary of the January Uprising of 1863-1864, the guard and punitive bodies of the Russian Empire directed special efforts to prevent the spread in the South-West Region of actions commemorating this symbolic anniversary organized on the territory of Austria-Hungary, in particular in Lviv

Monsieur L’Abbé: A Citizen of the Russian Empire

This article contains a previously unpublished biography of Gabriel (Gavriil/Gavrila) L’Abbé Deslondes (1773–1830), a well-known teacher of French and Latin who served in various educational institutions of St Petersburg. The information found in the Russian State Historical Archive and the Central State Historical Archive makes it possible to clarify the facts of life and the motives behind the actions of a French teacher. L’Abbé Deslondes lived in the Russian Empire of the early nineteenth century; the material helps discover some details of professional competition in this field, mechanisms of promotion, and vicissitudes of relations within the professional community of teachers and French expatriates. These reasons make the published documents a valuable historical source that helps put forward the hypothesis that Gabriel L’Abbé Deslondes, whose life was intertwined with the lives of many St Petersburg aristocrats, was Pushkin’s inspiration for Monsieur l’Abbé, “француз убогой” (a starving Gaul (Spalding), a threadbare Frenchman (Mitchell), a poor wretch of a Frenchman (Nabokov)) that has traditionally been considered a purely fictional character of Eugene Onegin. An account of L’Abbé Deslondes’s life gives reasons to disprove the school’s interpretation of the Russian epithet “убогий” interpreted as “заурядный” (mediocre).

На місці Жовкви та її околиць: документи до історії маєтності Висоцьких-Жолкевських у львівській землі в XV–XVI століттях (частина 1)

 The purpose of the work is to supplement the knowledge about the formation of noble estates in the Ruthenian voivodeship, since the late Middle Ages through the prism of historical geography. The research methodology is based on historical-critical, comparative (they were used in the analysis and comparison of original documents with their copies, which made it possible to identify signifi cant diff erences in the texts) and historical-geographical methods (to localize the proper names of geographical objects, listed in the acts). The scientifi c novelty of the research is to analyze the documents (including an Act, that was not previously published in a full), which established the boundaries of Jan Wysocki’s estate on the northwestern edge of Lviv land with its nearest neighbors: the private property of Jan Kulikowski (the demarcation in 1487) and the Yavoriv starosty (the deed of sale of crown domain to Piotr Szamotulski in 1456 with a text fragment, added in the 16th or 17th century). The documents were found in the form of copies in the Lviv castle court books and in the form of extracts from the same books. They are stored in the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Lviv. The prospect of further research lies in the introduction into scientifi c circulation of the documents on the history of Ukrainian lands of the late Middle Ages and early modern times, in which the geographical nomenclature is recorded, with its further localization in space. Conclusions. Despite the fact, that the fi rst (the demarcation) and the second (the deed of sale of the land) documents were concluded for diff erent purposes, they both contain valuable information about the lands, owned by the above-mentioned persons (or land, they were going to own). Both in the fi rst and in the second document, this information is recorded in the form of an extensive list of microtoponyms, which in the Middle Ages and early modern times served as landmarks, when establishing boundaries of land holdings. The degree of importance of this information is shown by the fact, that in late copies of such acts we fi nd large fragments of the text with geographical nomenclature, that is absent in the original. Most likely, such insertions in the text were to serve as an additional «argument» for clarifying the ownership of a particular territory in the future.

PHONETIC, ORTHOGRAPHIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION OF PRIVILEGES TO KYIV CITY MAGISTRATE

The article analyzes variant spellings at the phonetic and graphic and morphological levels. Many variant spellings reflect various phonetic phenomena (reflexion of *ě, assimilation, dissimilation, simplification, softness / hardness of consonants, etc.) in the text and the formation of morphological norms (inflection of nominal parts of speech, verbs, etc.) of the Ukrainian language of the Old Ukrainian period.The subject of the linguistic analysis were the letters of the Kyiv Magistrate, issued to confirm the Magdeburg law of the city of Kyiv by the Polish rulers from 1544 to 1659. The collection, which is now in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv (Fond 62. Inventory 1. Unit 1), contains privileges copied for his own use by K. Krichevets in the first half of the 18th century. The signed privileges are in the Old Ukrainian language of the corresponding period, but some of them are translations from Latin and Polish. It remains unknown whether the owner of the collection copied from already translated documents or ordered the translation from A. Trotsina and M. Yakgelnytskyi, which were recorded as translators therein.Linguistic fluctuations are present in the forms of the same words and in different words, often different variant spellings occur side by side on the same page. Having studied the variety of parallel forms in the analyzed source, we singled out the reasons for their appearance: the lack of normalization of spelling features, in particular the transmission of individual sounds, the incompleteness of linguistic processes at that time in the language, the preservation of traditions and the influence of the living language element, the mutual influence of the phonetic and morphological systems of the Church Slavonic and Polish languages with Ukrainian.The note reveals the interaction of the systems of the named languages, which manifested itself in fluctuations in various reflections in writing - reflection of sonorous in the middle of a word, changes of sonorous at the beginning of a word, reflexes *dj, *tj, *gt / *kt, *je at the beginning of a word, variant endings in the declension of nouns, adjectives, verbs, etc.

Русификация менеджмента электротехнических компаний как фактор укрепления конкурентоспособности России на рубеже XIX–XX веков

The present article contains analysis of the human capital problem of electrotechnical industry during the economic modernization at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries, which was conducted based on archive sources stored in the Russian State Historical Archive (RSHA), Central State Historical Archive of Saint Petersburg (CSHA SPb) and Central State Archive of Moscow (CSA of Moscow), official pre-revolutionary statistics collections and scientific literature. Based on the example of the largest energy company in Russia – “Electric lighting company of 1886”, established by the entrepreneur originated from Germany, Karl Siemens, the process of russification of the foreign management in electrotechnical industry is demonstrated. Domination of foreign specialists at the initial stage of the establishment of industry was mostly caused by objective circumstances, connected both with specifics of functioning of joint stock companies in Russia and with the absence of the required competencies of local managers related to the management of electrotechnical companies. On the one hand, this problem was being resolved by granting a Russian citizenship to the founders and shareholders of acting joint stock companies and on the other hand, this niche was actively occupied by the graduates of local technical schools who displaced foreign management. This process has been developing most quickly during the First World War when the state introduced instead of foreign shareholders a “special management board” represented by local specialists. However, this problem has not been fully resolved due to various reasons.

Новые данные о некоторых российских герпетологах. Сообщение 4

Previously unknown biographic and bibliographic data about Peter V. Nesterov are provided. The main part of information was found in the Central State Historical Archive of Saint Petersburg.

TAX REGISTER OF ZOLOCHIV ESTATE IN LVIV LAND FROM 1598

The article is devoted to the introduction into scientific circulation of a source on the history of Lviv land of Ruthenian Voivodeship – the tax register of Zolochiv private estate from 1598. So far, this is the only identified register of settlements that certifies that tax collection in the Kingdom of Poland was performed in that year. In the fund of the Crown Treasure Archive of the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw (where most of the land tax registers are kept), no tax register for 1598 has been found. The researched document represents the list of 57 settlements in the eastern part of Lviv land, united into a single private estate with its center in the town of Zolochiv. During the 16th century, it belonged to the Górka, Czarnkowski, and Zborowski families. Shortly after the tax collection in 1598, Marek Sobieski, the grandfather of King Jan III Sobieski of Poland, became the estate owner. The register, along with the names of settlements, lists specific categories of the population, infrastructure facilities, the number of houses (in Zolochiv), the area of settlements in the „aratra” („plows”; an archaic unit of measurement), as well as the amount of tax. In the process of comparing the information presented in the document with similar data in other tax registers of Lviv land of the second half of the 16th century, a number of features were revealed. Thus, the register from 1598 provides incomplete information about local infrastructure (no data on taverns and distilleries; churches are mentioned only twice) and specific categories of the population (no rural artisans) but contains the first mentions of several settlements (Dumivtsi, Pudlivtsi, Tovstiv) and change of their status (the town of Adrinopil, which became a village). The article is accompanied by the publication of the document based on a copy in the book of the Lviv City Court, which is stored in the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Lviv. The names of settlements are identified in square brackets.

Rękopisy ze zbioru Józefa Wandalina Mniszcha (1670–1747), marszałka wielkiego koronnego

The article concerns the manuscript books from the collection of Józef Wandalin Mniszech (1670–1747), Grand Marshall of the Crown in the years 1713–1742, and Cracow castellan from 1742. It was one of the largest collections of that kind, developed in the Saxion times by a State dignitary; it amounted to approximately 50–60 manuscripts. The studies, mostly from autopsy, are concluded with the statement that the core of the collection consisted of manuscripts concerning current public life, as well as those relevant for Mniszech’s official functions, wrote in his environment since at least the 20ties of the 18th century, but also acquired by donations (presumably also purchases) from different persons. Moreover, a valuable part of the collection includes manuscripts from the 16th–17th centuries inherited from his father, Jerzy Jan (died 1692), Volyn voivode, concerning mostly historical and political topics. The main part of this collection is now stored in the Ossoliński National Institute Library in Wrocław, the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow, and in Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Kyiv.